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为了揭示反义硫氧还蛋白基因（anti-trxs）在抗穗发芽小麦中的作用机制。以转反义 trxs 基因小麦株系为材料,对转基因株系和对照种子萌发过程中硫氧还蛋白h活性、淀粉酶活性、可溶性糖和淀粉含量进行了检测。结果表明,转基因小麦籽粒 trxh、α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶活性均显著低于对照;淀粉降解和可溶性糖生成速率明显下降。发芽1~5 d,转基因小麦种子trxh、α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶活性分别比对照下降24.5%、40.4%和23.0%;淀粉降解和可溶性糖生成速率分别比对照降低23.7%和23%。 相似文献
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用基因枪将trxs基因导入大麦幼胚,经过愈伤组织的诱导、筛选和分化,得到再生植株;PCR检测显示再生植株T0及其后代T1、T2代植株群体中都检测出了PCR阳性个体,nestedPCR和酶切检测验证了PCR产物与转化的目的片段相符。PCR-Southern检测表明trxs基因已遗传到T2代植株中且完整性良好。对转基因大麦种子进行测定,结果显示子粒中水溶蛋白和醇溶蛋白中巯基含量的比率都有上升;发芽时α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶活力都比对照种子高。 相似文献
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转外源Trxs基因大麦耐盐性有关生理生化特性分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以过量表达硫氧还蛋白s基因(Trxs)的转基因大麦株系(LSY-11-1-1)及其非转基因对照(CK)为试验材料,研究了50mmol/L盐胁迫条件下,Trxs过量表达对大麦幼苗耐盐性有关生理生化特性的影响.结果显示:盐胁迫下转基因大麦的鲜重与干重高于对照,而丙二醛(MDA)与羰基含量低于对照.盐胁迫下转基因大麦幼苗叶片的过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性普遍高于对照.转基因大麦类囊体中铁蛋白大量积累的持续时间比对照长.由此可以推测,Trxs至少可以通过两条途径缓解盐胁迫对大麦幼苗生长的抑制作用:一方面增强抗氧化酶活性、有效清除过量产生的活性氧;另一方面能促进铁蛋白含量的增加、抑制Fenton反应来减少活性氧的过量产生,从而赋予转基因大麦幼苗更强的抗盐胁迫能力. 相似文献
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转反义trxs基因小麦籽粒蛋白组分的巯基含量与α-淀粉酶活性的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用反义trxs基因特异引物,对扬麦5号转反义trxs基因株系00TY5的T4和T5代进行了PCR分子鉴定,并对其纯合株系籽粒蛋白质组分的巯基含量、α-淀粉酶活性及二者的相关性进行了测试.结果表明,00TY5的T4和T5代PCR分子检测均呈阳性.与非转基因植株相比,在籽粒成熟和后熟过程中,籽粒清蛋白巯基含量在开花后30 d至成熟后5 d平均降低33.2%,球蛋白巯基含量在开花后20d至成熟后5 d平均降低42.5%,均达极显著水平（P＜0.01）;醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白巯基含量有下降的趋势,但降低幅度较小;α-淀粉酶活性低,变异小,尤其在开花后35 d至成熟后10 d,平均比非转基因植株下降36.5%.各种蛋白质组分的巯基含量与α-淀粉酶的活性呈正相关关系,清蛋白巯基含量在成熟前与α-淀粉酶活性相关性达极显著水平（P＜0.01）;球蛋白巯基含量在成熟前10 d至成熟后10 d达显著水平（P＜0.05）;贮藏蛋白巯基含量与α-淀粉酶活性的相关性在各时段均较高. 相似文献
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以转反义trxs基因两个纯合株系及其未转基因对照小麦品种‘豫麦18’为材料,采用荧光定量RT-PCR、整穗发芽试验和酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）的方法,对小麦灌浆过程中反义trxs基因表达、穗发芽特性及内源激素ABA和GAs含量进行了测定,探讨转基因小麦籽粒中内源激素ABA和GAs含量与穗发芽的关系。结果表明,在种子形成过程中,反义trxs基因能够正常表达,两个转基因株系中内源trxh基因表达量都明显低于对照;转基因株系籽粒中ABA和ABA/GAs含量显著高于对照,平均分别比对照升高了18.39%和23.47%,而GAs含量在花后15～30d较对照有所降低,平均比对照降低了9.14%;花后20、25、30d,转基因株系的穗粒发芽率显著或极显著低于对照,平均分别比对照下降了49.65%、28.2%、27.23%;相关分析表明,穗发芽率与ABA和ABA/GAs含量均呈显著或极显著负相关,与GAs含量呈正相关。由此推断,反义trxs基因导入抑制了小麦内源同源基因的表达,改变了小麦体内ABA和GAs的平衡,使ABA合成量增加,是导致转基因小麦穗发芽率降低的原因之一。 相似文献
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大麦α-淀粉酶抑制基因对小麦α-淀粉酶的抑制作用研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
α－淀粉酶活性的调控是小麦生产和加工的一个重要问题。本研究比较了大麦,小麦,黑麦和小黑麦α－淀粉酶抑制蛋白对小麦α－淀粉酶作用的等电聚焦电泳图谱,并测定了具有大麦α－淀粉酶抑制基因或小麦种子休眠基因的发育种子内源α－淀粉酶同工酶谱。结果表明,大麦α－淀粉酶抑制蛋白可在小麦遗传背景中抑制α－淀粉酶－１活性。小麦种子萌动时,α－淀粉酶抑制蛋白使α－淀粉酶－１受到抑制,α－淀粉酶－２－的合成以及整个发芽 相似文献
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以转反义trxs基因小麦TY18和TY34及其相应未转基因对照为材料,于2007-2009年通过大田试验系统研究了反义trxs基因导入对两种品质类型小麦籽粒产量性状和加工品质指标的影响。结果表明,4个转基因株系的穗粒数和产量较对照显著提高,反义trxs基因对小麦籽粒淀粉品质有一定的正效应。4个转基因株系的淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量、峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度均显著提高,直/支比降低。反义trxs基因对小麦籽粒蛋白质品质的影响因品种类型而异,其中弱筋小麦的总蛋白、清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白含量显著减少,醇溶蛋白含量显著增加,面粉的形成时间和稳定时间降低。强筋小麦除清蛋白、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白含量减少外,面团的粉质和拉伸参数变化不明显。上述结果说明,反义trxs基因导入有利于两种品质类型小麦籽粒淀粉品质的改善,并在一定程度上改善了弱筋小麦的烘焙品质。 相似文献
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转反义TRX s基因对小麦萌发过程中储藏蛋白降解的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以转反义TRX s基因豫麦18和对照（豫麦18）为试材,测定了小麦种子萌发过程中胚乳内thiocalsin、苹果酸脱氢酶、谷丙转氨酶的活性以及游离氨基酸含量的变化。结果表明,反义TRX s基因的导入能够增加对thiocalsin和苹果酸脱氢酶的抑制,降低其活性,使储存蛋白更难于被降解,谷丙转氨酶增高的速度减慢,种子氨基酸代谢减弱。说明蛋白质代谢缓慢是转反义TRX s基因小麦抗穗发芽的一个主要原因。 相似文献
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Yong Jin Lee Tong Geon Lee Woong Bae Jeon Dae Yeon Kim Min Jeong Hong Man Bo Lee Jong Nae Hyun Mi Jung Kim Mi Ja Lee Cheol Su Park Yong Weon Seo 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2010,13(2):91-97
Cereal seed storage proteins are encoded by complex multigene families and their subunit profiles are highly related to end-use qualities. Each fraction of albumin and hordein was extracted and its subunit profile was evaluated in related to malt and grain quality parameters. The purpose of this study was to provide selection criteria for high quality malting barley using grain and malt quality parameters and biochemical-genetic information. Grain and malt quality of 13 local adaptability test (LAT) lines were evaluated for malting process. A total of 16 germplasm accessions of high or low seed storage protein content were also evaluated for biochemicalgenetic analysis. The correlation coefficients among quality parameters were analyzed. Several important quality parameters in brewing process showed significant positive or negative correlations. Seed storage protein subunits of albumin and hordein of all tested lines and accessions were evaluated using 12% 1D SDS-PAGE. Scored data of protein subunit’s presence or absence was applied to Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) for statistical analysis and showed specific grouping patterns among tested lines. Clustered lines with subunit information were highly related with agricultural performance and grain and malt qualities. Based on the profiles of seed storage protein subunits, association of hordein subunit of 38, 43, and 65 kDa with high malt scored lines was found. The obtained results would provide improved selection criteria for high quality malting barley in the malting barley breeding program. 相似文献
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以转反义TRX s基因豫麦18和对照（豫麦18）为试材，测定了小麦种子萌发过程中胚乳内thiocalsin、苹果酸脱氢酶、谷丙转氨酶的活性以及游离氨基酸含量的变化。结果表明，反义TRX s基因的导入能够增加对thiocalsin和苹果酸脱氢酶的抑制，降低其活性，使储存蛋白更难于被降解，谷丙转氨酶增高的速度减慢，种子氨基酸代谢减弱。说明蛋白质代谢缓慢是转反义TRX s基因小麦抗穗发芽的一个主要原因。 相似文献
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Xiao-Qi Zhang Sharon Westcott Joe Panozzo Mehmet Cakir Stefan Harasymow Allen Tarr Sue Broughton Reg Lance Chengdao Li 《Euphytica》2012,188(1):103-111
The association between high malting quality and pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) susceptibility is a key challenge when developing new malting barley varieties. A new malting barley variety Baudin has successfully combined high malting quality and PHS tolerance. A doubled haploid population was developed for mapping PHS tolerance and seed dormancy from a cross of Baudin?×?AC Metcalfe using 233 molecular markers. Three QTLs were mapped for seed dormancy based on the standard germination test at 24, 48 and 72?h. One major QTL was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 5H controlling seed dormancy and PHS tolerance from Baudin. Two other minor QTLs were identified from Baudin on chromosomes 3 and 7H. QTL/QTL interaction was detected for seed dormancy between chromosomes 3 and 5H. The PHS tolerance allele of the 5H QTL from Baudin contributes to higher malt yield without significant impact on diastatic power, beta-glucan content and wort viscosity. QTL from Baudin provide new sources to integrate PHS tolerance and high malting quality. 相似文献
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世界大麦生产、贸易特征及对我国的影响与启示 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
摘要：中国啤酒大麦进口量连续多年占到了国内需求量的50%以上,国际大麦市场的诸多变动都将给中国大麦及啤酒产业带来重大影响。本文总结分析了世界大麦生产贸易格局变动以及啤酒大麦主要出口国的发展特征,在此基础上探讨了对中国的影响与启示。主要结论为：世界大麦生产、出口非常集中,进口相对分散,容易产生市场波动和价格垄断;啤酒大麦的出口市场主要由澳大利亚、加拿大和欧盟主导,其生产和贸易波动较大;“大国效应”能够起到“调节阀”的作用,我国可以利用进口大国地位获取价格话语权;我国大麦生产应该以“质”取胜,而不是以“量”取胜,国产大麦和进口大麦共存的局面将长期维持。关键词：大麦 啤酒 生产 贸易 相似文献
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Novo Pržulj Svetomir Dragović Miroslav Malešević Vojislava Momčilovič Novica Mladenov 《Euphytica》1998,101(3):377-382
In Europe, during the 1960s, mainly two-rowed spring barley was used for malting. Traditionally, spring malting barley was
produced in regions with moderate temperatures and adequate rainfall throughout the growing season. Winter malting barley,
on the other hand, was mostly grown in the milder arid and semiarid parts of Europe. Due to global climatic changes and its
higher yield, winter malting barley is now increasing in acreage in the traditional spring barley regions. Our study included
a comparative analysis of several grain and malt characters of the winter and spring malting barley grown under the agroecological
conditions of the Vojvodina Province, Yugoslavia. One thousand grain weight was shown to be approximately the same for both
growth habits, whereas winter malting barley proved to have a higher hectoliter mass than the spring one. In those years that
were less favorable for spring barley production, winter malting barley had better quality characters, namely a higher fine
extract content, a better malt modification, and a lower malt protein content.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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In barley, high seed vigour is a precondition for rapid and homogenous field emergence and good malting quality. Seed vigour was defined as germination percentage under stress conditions (10°C, drought stress ‐ 2 Bars) in 7‐8 barley varieties grown in 7‐8 locations in the Czech Republic over 7 years. Three of the 7 years were not suitable for high seed quality, probably because of unsuitable weather, as average seed vigour reached only 61, 77 and 86%, respectively. In the remaining 4 years, the average vigour exceeded 94%. The impact of variety on seed vigour was higher in the ‘bad years’ and the impact of location was higher in the other years. Varieties with higher vigour from all locations in the ‘bad years’ were identified. Lower vigour was related to the high occurrence of fungi (indicated by ergosterol assays) and to lower field emergence rates of seed samples. The results support the possibility of selecting for improvement of barley seed vigour, which is related to tolerance to various conditions during emergence and to homogenous malting. 相似文献
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大麦β-淀粉酶活性对其种子在干旱胁迫下萌发影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了鉴选出抗旱性较强的大麦品种,并以期找出β-淀粉酶活性对大麦抗旱性的影响,对β-淀粉酶活性不同的9个啤酒大麦品（系）种进行聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫,通过对种子发芽率及发芽势的测定来评价参试品种的抗旱性,并对β-淀粉酶活性与不同PEG浓度下的发芽率进行相关分析。结果表明,大麦β-淀粉酶活性与大麦抗旱性在PEG浓度为15%时,在0.01水平上达显著正相关。大麦种子发芽率随着干旱胁迫程度的增加而降低。5%浓度的PEG对大麦种子的萌发影响较小,10%、15%浓度显著抑制大麦种子萌发,20%浓度下,大麦个别品种发芽停止。处理样品间,‘沪麦16’综合表现出较好的抗旱性,其次A7-30,而‘邯98-58’、‘盐95137’为最差。由此得出,10%的PEG干旱胁迫剂浓度可作为大麦发芽期判断大麦抗旱性的适宜胁迫浓度,β-淀粉酶活性可作为大麦抗旱性早期筛选的指标之一。 相似文献
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Seed dormancy is one of the most important parameters affecting the malting process and pre-harvest sprouting in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Variation of seed dormancy in 4365 cultivated and 177 wild barley (ssp. spontaneum) accessions derived from different regions of the world was investigated in Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan. Seed dormancy
of each accession was estimated from their germination percentages at 0, 5, 10 and 15 weeks post-harvest after-ripening periods.
All of the wild barley accessions showed less than 10% germination at 0 week after-ripening period. Level of seed dormancy
in 4365 cultivated barley accessions showed a clear geographical differentiation. Seventy seven percent of Ethiopian accessions
showed high germination percentages, while 86% of Japanese, Turkish and North African accessions showed low germination percentages
at 0 week after-ripening period. A half diallel cross using eleven barley accessions with different level of dormancy revealed
that seed dormancy was predominately controlled by additive gene effects. These results suggest that large genetic diversity
for seed dormancy in barley is explained as different levels of additive accumulation of genetic factors. Barley varieties
showing appropriate dormancy could be developed by crossing among barley germplasm accessions used in the present study. 相似文献