共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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大米发泡蛋白酶法制备工艺 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以大米浓缩蛋白为原料制备大米发泡蛋白。采用响应面分析法对大米发泡蛋白的酶解法制备工艺条件进行优化,并测定大米发泡蛋白的蛋白质得率、氮溶解指数、起泡性及起泡稳定性。优化的工艺条件是碱性蛋白酶/底物 0.01943 U/g、反应时间57 min、料液比1︰7.27、温度60℃、pH 7.5。在此条件下获得的大米发泡蛋白发泡力为131 mL,起泡性为162%,起泡稳定性在30 min内保持100%,大米发泡蛋白的得率为34%,蛋白质纯度为88.05%,在pH 2～12范围内氮溶解指数均高于90%。 相似文献
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大米蛋白的酶水解动力学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以米渣为材料,研究碱性蛋白酶、1398中性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶在不同起始pH值、加酶量和温度下水解大米蛋白的进程,建立大米蛋白酶水解动力学方程,为大米蛋白酶水解特性的研究提供依据.在一级化学反应动力学方程基础上,建立了考虑温度、起始pH值和加酶量影响的大米蛋白酶水解动力学模型,该模型可较好的描述不同蛋白酶对大米蛋白的水解进程.木瓜蛋白酶适于在较低的起始pH值下水解,加酶量、起始pH值对其水解进程的影响较大,温度变化对其水解进程的影响较小.1398中性蛋白酶适于在中性条件下水解,加酶量和水解温度对其水解进程的影响程度处于木瓜蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶之间,起始pH值变化对其水解进程的影响不大.碱性蛋白酶适于在较高pH值下水解,加酶量对其水解进程影响不大,温度的变化对水解进程影响较大. 相似文献
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抑制玉米淀粉回生的面粉蛋白酶解液筛选 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为防止玉米淀粉食品会因回生而降低品质,该文利用酸性、中性和碱性3种蛋白酶水解小麦面粉中的球蛋白、谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白,研究酶解物中混合多肽对玉米淀粉回生的影响。研究结果表明,酸性蛋白酶水解谷蛋白所得多肽混合液能强烈抑制玉米淀粉回生,使玉米淀粉回生率由14.0%降低到8.0%。其他2种水解物促进玉米淀粉回生,促进最多的是碱性蛋白酶水解醇溶蛋白,使玉米淀粉回生率由14.0%升高到19.5%。通过红外和核磁分析了混合多肽抑制或促进玉米淀粉回生的可能机理。研究成果为控制淀粉回生提供一条全新的途径。 相似文献
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本研究利用以生木薯淀粉为唯一碳源的筛选培养基,从腐烂木薯渣中分离筛选出一株可以降解生木薯淀粉的真菌菌株RSDF-7。根据RSDF-7形态和18SrDNA与28SrDNA之间的内转录间隔区（internal transcribed spacer,ITS）序列分析的结果,初步认定该菌株为曲霉属。菌株RSDF-7的粗酶液对多种不同的生淀粉底物均有水解效果;在以大米和玉米淀粉为底物时,其生淀粉分解活力比较高,分别为42%和40%。菌株RSDF-7的粗酶液具有良好的低pH稳定性,对生木薯淀粉的最适作用温度为50℃,最适作用pH为4.5。在30min的吸附后,RSDF-7的粗酶液对生木薯淀粉的吸附力高达60%。使用HPLC对粗酶液的酶解产物进行检测,结果发现酶解产物中仅存在葡萄糖,表明菌株RSDF-7所产的生淀粉降解酶主要为糖化酶。扫描电镜观察结果发现,经RSDF-7粗酶液酶解后的生木薯粉颗粒破裂,形成空洞,说明RSDF-7粗酶液对生淀粉有较强的水解作用。可以预见,经纯化后的曲霉菌株RSDF-7生淀粉酶将来可以用于基于酶解的木薯淀粉转化。 相似文献
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为进一步合理开发利用三文鱼皮,本研究对碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶和复合蛋白酶水解所制备三文鱼皮酶解物的抗氧化活性与功能特性进行了比较。结果表明,三文鱼皮碱性蛋白酶酶解物的水解度(20.18%)和三氯乙酸可溶性氮得率(40.14%)最高,小分子肽含量高达99.97%,其抗氧化活性显著优于其他组(P<0.05);且碱性蛋白酶酶解物的溶解性和持水性最高,分别为87.21%和26.92%;中性蛋白酶酶解物的持油性和乳化性能最强,分别为4.67%和14.69%;而风味蛋白酶酶解物的乳化稳定性显著优于其他组(P<0.05)。综上所述,碱性蛋白酶为制备三文鱼皮蛋白抗氧化肽的最优蛋白酶。本研究为三文鱼皮副产物的高值化利用提供了数据支持和理论基础。 相似文献
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粗酶水解全脂豆粉提取油脂和蛋白 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
水酶法提取大豆油和蛋白是一项可替代溶剂浸提制油工艺的绿色环保技术,但是商品酶的价格较高且酶活易受外界环境影响,使水酶法制油技术的应用受到限制。该试验在优化过的培养基中接种枯草芽孢杆菌发酵培养42 h,所得发酵液经测定含有碱性和中性两种蛋白酶,所得粗酶经透析浓缩后,在碱性蛋白酶活为(2?000±200) U/mL,中性蛋白酶活为(1?500±200) U/mL时,在酶液中接入挤压膨化豆粉水解。通过对酶解条件的优化,试验证实在温度55℃,料液比1∶8 g/mL,起始pH值为10的条件下水解6 h,总油提取率有最大值,达到了94.2%,总蛋白提取率为90.1%,跟商品Alcalase碱性蛋白酶提取相比,总油提取率增加了1.9%,总蛋白提取率降低了2%。通过对粗酶和商品Alcalase酶水解豆粉过程产生的乳状液破乳后油的品质分析,发现二者所得油的性能指标没有明显区别,品质均优于浸提法制油,粗酶提取的水解蛋白比用Alcalase碱性蛋白酶水解的分子量更小,范围分布更广。 相似文献
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大豆蛋白限制性酶解模式与产品胶凝性的相关性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了改善大豆蛋白的胶凝性,对大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆分离蛋白进行限制性酶解处理,并考察相应产品的蛋白酶酶解模式与胶凝性变化的相关性。该研究以蛋白质的水解度为指标,通过中性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶的酶解作用,水解大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆分离蛋白至蛋白质水解度(DH)为1%、2%,考察酶性质、蛋白质的DH对产品胶凝性影响,并利用SDS-凝胶电泳进行确认。结果表明:大豆浓缩蛋白经中性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶的酶解后,产品胶凝性均显著下降;大豆分离蛋白经中性蛋白酶的酶解后,产品胶凝性在DH为1%时增加,但在DH为2%时下降;大豆分离蛋白经胰蛋白酶酶解后,胶凝性显著改善。SDS-凝胶电泳确认,蛋白质的酶水解模式和水解度不同是导致产品胶凝性产生不同变化的原因。 相似文献
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【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
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Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
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Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
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M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
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Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
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Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献