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1.
两种供氮水平下玉米穗部性状的QTL定位 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以优良杂交种豫玉22两亲本Z3和87-1为基础构建一套F8家系的重组自交系群体为研究材料,在正常供氮和低氮两种氮水平下进行田间试验,利用复合区间作图法对玉米穗长、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重和单穗粒数进行QTL定位分析。两种氮水平下共定位到24个玉米穗部性状的QTL位点,其中正常供氮条件下定位到13个QTL,低氮水平下定位到11个QTL,集中分布在第1(8个QTL)、第5(6个QTL)和第8(5个QTL)染色体上。两种氮水平下共位或紧密连锁的QTL位点较少,表明玉米穗部性状在低氮水平下的遗传机制发生很大改变。研究发现,第1染色体umc1122/bnlg1556位点是一个控制低氮水平下玉米单穗粒数的主效QTL,单个QTL可解释19.7%的表型变异,该位点还同时影响低氮水平下玉米穗长、穗行数和百粒重的表型。与前人定位结果比较发现,该位点所在的染色体区域是一个产量及氮效率相关性状的QTL富集区,对此位点附近进行相关分子标记辅助选择,可能会在玉米氮高效分子育种上有所突破。 相似文献
2.
《中国油料作物学报(英文)》2021,6(2):66-73
High and stable yield is the main goal of soybean genetic improvement. In this study, association analysis was used to detect the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the plant height, and soybean growth period using 182 SSR markers in the RIL population of 136 F4:8 lines, which developed from a cross between photoperiod-insensitive cultivar ‘Dongnong 47’ and photoperiod-sensitive variety PI317334–B. The results showed that 33 QTLs related to soybean growth period and plant height traits were detected by compound interval mapping, and were located on 12 linkage groups including N, C1, C2, J, D1a, B2, E, G, A2, O, L, I, with the contribution rate of 7.85–33.84%. These QTL loci and linkage markers related to soybean photoperiod sensitivity, would be helpful to identify key genes that control soybean photoperiod sensitivity, and provide an important basis for the breeding of new photoperiod-insensitive soybean varieties based on molecular design breeding. 相似文献
3.
应用H21×Mo17、自330×K36、B73×L050这3个F23∶群体为作图材料,利用SSR等分子标记,对株高、穗位高和叶片夹角3个性状进行了数量性状位点(QTL)分析。对株高共检测到18个QTL,对穗位高检测到12个QTL,对叶夹角检测到9个QTL。在这些影响不同性状的QTL中,有一部分处于染色体上的同一区域,有的则是区域间部分重叠或处于邻近区域。此外,有的QTL还与其他研究中发现的影响相应性状的质量性状基因位点处于相同基因组区域。 相似文献
4.
小麦重组自交系群体9个重要农艺性状的遗传分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了初步判断小麦重要性状的遗传组成,并筛选适于QTL定位的性状,以小偃81和西农1376及其构建的重组自交系群体(RILs)F7代为材料,采用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型研究了株高、叶面积、穗下茎长、穗下节长、穗下节间直径、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数和抽穗期等9个重要农艺性状的遗传特点.结果表明,穗下节长性状符合多基因遗传,无主基因存在;株高、小穗数、穗粒数、叶面积、穗长和抽穗期6个性状符合2对主基因+多基因遗传;穗下节间直径性状符合3对主基因遗传,无多基因存在;穗下茎长性状则符合3对主基因+多基因遗传.株高、穗长、抽穗期和穗下节间直径等4个性状的主基因遗传率分别为82.32％、75.75％、81.98％和91.04％,可能含有较大的主效QTL. 相似文献
5.
Further improvement of rice productivity remains a challenge. Breeding is perceived as an important option to increase rice yield. However, the genetic progress of grain yield in most rice breeding programs was slow in the last decades. Although great progress in rice genomics and molecular biology has been achieved, the effect of such technological innovations on rice breeding is far small. Marker-assisted selection （MAS） for a few target quantitative trait loci （QTLs） has significant effects in improving qualitative traits, such as disease resistance. The success of MAS has therefore motivated breeders to identify and use major QTLs for yield and yield component traits. In this review, we summarized the recent methods in QTL identification, including novel statistical methods for linkage and association mapping, special population types, and whole-genome sequencing. We reviewed the successful application of marker-assisted gene introgression and gene pyramiding to improve grain yield and discussed the design of efficient MAS schemes to further increase the success rate of breeding programs. The use of well-characterized major QTLs through introgression and gene pyramiding is proven effective in improving grain yield, particularly yield under abiotic stress. Major QTLs that are stable across genetic background and growing environments are often found in less adapted germplasms, such as landraces and wild relatives. Advanced backcross QTL analysis and introgression lines, which integrate QTL discovery and utilization, are important methods for exploiting major QTLs contained in such germplasms. Next-generation sequencing substantially increases mapping resolution and accelerates the identification of casual genes underlying major QTLs. Practical guidelines derived from theoretical and empirical studies are given to guide the design of efficient marker-assisted gene introgression and pyramiding schemes. 相似文献
6.
Yun Wang Yunlong Pang Kai Chen Laiyuan Zhai Congcong Shen Shu Wang Jianlong Xu 《作物学报(英文版)》2020,(1):119-131
The source-sink relationship determines the ultimate grain yield.We investigated the genetic basis of the relationship between source and sink and yield potential in rice.In two environments,we identified quantitative trait loci(QTL)associated with sink capacity(total spikelet number per panicle and thousand-grain weight),source leaf(flag leaf length,flag leaf width and flag leaf area),source-sink relationship(total spikelet number to flag leaf area ratio)and yield-related traits(filled grain number per panicle,panicle number per plant,grain yield per plant,biomass per plant,and harvest index)by genome-wide association analysis using 272 Xian(indica)accessions.The panel showed substantial variation for all traits in the two environments and revealed complex phenotypic correlations.A total of 70 QTL influencing the 11 traits were identified using 469,377 high-quality SNP markers.Five QTL were detected consistently in four chromosomal regions in both environments.Five QTL clusters simultaneously affected source,sink,source–sink relationship,and grain yield traits,probably explaining the genetic basis of significant correlations of grain yield with source and sink traits.We selected 24 candidate genes in the four consistent QTL regions by identifying linkage disequilibrium(LD)blocks associated with significant SNPs and performing haplotype analysis.The genes included one cloned gene(NOG1)and three newly identified QTL(qHI6,qTGW7,and qFLA8).These results provide a theoretical basis for high-yield rice breeding by increasing and balancing source–sink relationships using marker-assisted selection. 相似文献
7.
基因组选择(GS, genomic selection)是一种利用覆盖全基因组的标记进行选择育种的方法。利用玉米自交系郑 683-1为轮回亲本, ZPH1388、 ZPH5和东 237为供体亲本构建的 BC3F5群体,对穗部和株型性状进行基因组预测分析,研究 2种交叉验证方式、 6种 GS方法和显著数量性状位点作为固定效应对预测准确性的影响。结果表明,相比 5折交叉验证, 10折交叉验证可以提高穗粒数、行粒数、株高和穗位高的预测准确性,但会降低穗行数和叶夹角的预测能力。相比随机效应模型,穗粒数、穗行数、行粒数和叶夹角将 1～2个 QTL作为固定效应可以提高基因组估计育种值的准确性,但将 1～5个 QTL作为固定效应会降低穗位高的预测能力。对于株高,贝叶斯 A和再生核希尔伯特空间将 1～5个 QTL作为固定效应可以提高预测的准确性。其他 4种方法,多数情况固定效应的加入会降低株高的预测能力。在穗粒数和株高中,基因组最佳线性无偏预测的准确性最高,略高于 4种贝叶斯方法。对于其他 4个性状,最优预测方法受不同交叉验证方式和固定效应模型的影响表现不一。 相似文献
8.
WEI Xiucai LIU Jindong LIU Licheng LI Yongchao PAN Xiaowu DONG Zheng LIU Wenqiang XIONG Haibo MIN Jun LI Xiaoxiang 《中国水稻科学》1986,34(4):325-331
【Objective】The objective of the study is to identify new genes related to heading date and yield related traits in rice, and to screen the elite rice lines carrying favorable alleles, therefore providing new genes and excellent germplasm for molecular marker-assisted (MAS) breeding.【Method】The multi-parent generation inter-crosses (MAGIC) population MAGIC-Hei was planted in 2017 and 2018 in Changsha, Hunan Province. Genome-wide association analysis was performed to detect the quantitative trait loci associated with heading date, number of tillers per plant, grain number per panicle, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant based on genotyping by sequencing (GBS).【Results】Totally, 26 QTLs that control heading date and yield related traits were identified on all the chromosomes except chromosome 10 in the two years. Of these, 11 are new and qNTP9, associated with the number of effective panicles, was detected in the two years. qNTP9 was less affected by environment and could be used for further fine mapping and gene cloning. Based on the phenotypic and the SNP genotypes five elite lines carrying favorable alleles were selected, which could be used for future high-yielding rice breeding. 【Conclusion】The loci associated with heading date and yield related traits could be used for rice breeding. 相似文献
9.
籼粳交重组自交系群体主要农艺性状分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用方差分析、相关分析和多元逐步回归分析等方法对籼粳交（Lemont×特青）构建的一套包括265个重组自交系（RIL）群体(F14)的株高、生育期、产量和产量构成因子等10个重要农艺性状进行了研究。结果表明,除株高和有效穗以外,8个农艺性状在双亲之间均存在显著或极显著差异。各性状在RIL群体中呈连续变异,分布频率大致接近正态分布,同时存在双向超亲分离现象。单株产量与结实率、粒数和株高呈极显著相关;除千粒重外,所有性状均与株高具有相关性。对单株产量作用大的性状依次为结实率、有效穗、每穗粒数和千粒重,这4个性状解释了单株产量90.7%的变异。另外还对6份优良株系进行了评价。这些结果可为水稻数量性状基因定位分析提供有用的信息,也为水稻育种改良提供理论依据。 相似文献
10.
以玉米自交系郑683-1为轮回亲本,ZPH1388、ZPH5和东237为供体亲本构建BC3F5群体,对穗部和株型性状进行基因组预测分析,研究2种交叉验证方式、6种GS方法和显著数量性状位点(QTL)作为固定效应对预测准确性的影响。结果表明,相比5折交叉验证,10折交叉验证可以提高穗粒数、行粒数、株高和穗位高的预测准确性,降低穗行数和叶夹角的预测能力。相比随机效应模型,穗粒数、穗行数、行粒数和叶夹角将1～2个QTL作为固定效应可以提高基因组估计育种值的准确性,将1～5个QTL作为固定效应会降低穗位高的预测能力。对于株高,贝叶斯A和再生核希尔伯特空间将1～5个QTL作为固定效应可以提高预测的准确性,其他4种方法多数情况固定效应的加入会降低株高的预测能力。在穗粒数和株高中,基因组最佳线性无偏预测的准确性最高,略高于4种贝叶斯方法,再生核希尔伯特空间的准确性最低。对于其他4个性状,最优预测方法受不同交叉验证方式和固定效应模型的影响表现不一。 相似文献
11.
野生稻高产QTL的分子标记辅助育种进展 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：16
1995年中国国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心与美国康奈尔大学合作,在马来西亚普通野生稻中鉴定出两个主效高产QTLyld1.1和yld2.1.随后将野生稻高产QTL导入优良晚稻恢复系测64-7及中稻恢复系9311和明恢63中,采用分子标记辅助选择与田间选择相结合,育成了Q611等携带野生稻高产QTL yld1.1和yld2.1的新恢复系.经测交鉴定,Q611所配组合表现出强大的产量优势,说明野生稻高产QTL具有显著的增产效应和重要的育种价值,同时也表明采用分子标记辅助选择方法对数量性状进行遗传改良同样具有明显的效果. 相似文献
12.
为了给冰草分子标记辅助育种提供依据,以蒙古冰草、航道冰草及其F2群体为试验材料,在已构建的冰草分子连锁遗传图谱的基础上采用多QTL模型法对茎粗、叶长、叶宽、分蘖数、茎叶比、叶片数、小穗长、单株鲜重、单株干重等10个主要农艺性状进行了QTL定位分析.试验共检测到13个QTL,分布在1、2、3、4、5、7共6个连锁群上,其加性效应各不相同,遗传贡献率变化范围为10.1％～33.9％.在13个QTL中,有1个与株高相关QTL、1个叶长相关QTL,1个单株鲜重相关QTL,2个单株干重相关QTL,1个叶宽相关QTL,1个分蘖数相关QTL,2个茎粗相关QTL,1个叶片数相关QTL,2个茎叶比相关QTL,1个穗长相关QTL. 相似文献
13.
为了发掘新的穗部性状和株高QTL,利用扬麦17与扬麦18杂交后代206个单株组成的F2群体,构建了一个由141个SSR标记组成的全长1005.1cM的遗传图谱。该图谱包括26个连锁群,覆盖15条染色体,标记间平均距离为7.03cM。结合F2和F2:3群体的表型数据,对穗部性状和株高进行QTL分析,利用复合区间作图法检测出15个QTL,分布在2B、2D、4B、5A、5B和7A染色体上,其中4个QTL能够同时在两个世代被检测到,表型变异解释率为1.93%~20.78%,穗长QTLQSl-YY-2D、QSl-YY-5A和株高QTLQPh-YY-4B的贡献率超过10%。根据6VS特异性标记鉴定和表型调查结果,推测扬麦18的6VS上携带有增加穗长和穗粒数的基因,且为部分显性。2B染色体上总小穗数和5B染色体上穗粒数、穗基部结实粒数的QTL增效等位基因及2D、4B染色体上降低株高的QTL增效等位基因均来自扬麦18,表明该品种可作为具有高产潜力的小麦育种材料加以利用。 相似文献
14.
利用40对SSR核心引物和MaizeSNP3072芯片对京科968雄性不育及常规制种的母本和杂交种进行遗传背景分析发现,雄性不育制种母本不育系S京724与常规制种母本京724之间、雄性不育制种京科968(S京科968)与常规制种京科968(N京科968)之间均未检测到差异位点。结果表明,S京724与京724在株高等农艺性状、单穗粒重等产量性状上的表现均无显著性差异。经花粉I_2-KI染色鉴定,S京科968花粉表现约50%可染、50%败育,与S型细胞质的恢复型F_1代植株花粉育性吻合。多点鉴定结果表明,S京科968与N京科968在株高、穗位高、雄穗分枝数、雄穗主轴长等农艺性状和穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、单穗粒重、容重等产量性状上的表现均无显著性差异。结果证明,利用S型细胞质雄性不育系进行京科968三系配套杂交种制种是切实可行的。 相似文献
15.
干旱是影响大麦产量的主要非生物胁迫之一。挖掘大麦干旱响应基因,有利于大麦耐旱品种的改良。本研究以167份中亚大麦品种为材料,测定正常灌水(出苗期、拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗期、灌浆期各灌水1次)、灌水2次(出苗期、孕穗期各灌水1次)以及灌水1次(出苗期灌水1次)处理下大麦的株高、穗长、单株穗数和主穗小穗数,结合群体分子信息,对这4个性状进行全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS)。结果表明,167份中亚大麦没有明显的地理亚群。全基因组关联分析共鉴定到8个与性状关联的位点,筛选到17个与大麦抗旱性相关的潜在候选基因,其中,调控大麦株高、穗长、主穗小穗数和单株穗数的候选基因分别有7、4、4和2个。同时,对耐旱系数(drought tolerance index,DI)进行GWAS关联分析,鉴定到7个与大麦耐旱相关的QTL,分布在1H、4H、5H和7H染色体上,存在96个潜在候选基因。该研究为后期大麦分子育种和抗旱功能基因克隆提供了基础数据。 相似文献
16.
D. A. Bisognin N. C. Manrique-Carpintero D. S. Douches 《American Journal of Potato Research》2018,95(4):374-382
Tuber dormancy and sprouting are important traits in commercial potato varieties. Since wild Solanum species can contribute new alleles in breeding, we combined Solanum chacoense and S. berthaultii species in a mapping population to develop a linkage map with genome wide markers and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for tuber dormancy and sprouting. There was genetic variation for the evaluated traits and high correlation (0.80) between dormancy and apical dominance release. QTL for tuber dormancy and sprouting traits were mapped to the same or similar positions on chromosomes 2, 3, 5, and 7, explaining from 9.5% to 16.3% of the phenotypic variance. We identified candidate genes associated with all major phytohormone regulation in close linkage with the QTL. The QTL on chromosomes 2, 3 and 7 are good candidates for marker assisted breeding, since they were associated with dormancy and apical dominance release and should be useful to delay or accelerate tuber sprouting. 相似文献
17.
Seed calcium content and hardness constitute determining characteristics of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] texture affecting soyfood quality. Molecular markers linked to these traits will accelerate breeding of soybeans for the soyfood market through the use of marker-assisted selection (MAS). Confirmation of linked markers and validation of quantitative trait loci (QTL), prior to their application through MAS, are the keys. The objectives of this study were to confirm previously reported QTL for calcium content and seed hardness and investigate the relationship between these traits. Evaluation of seven recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations with different genetic backgrounds, grown in two Arkansas locations for 2 years, showed inconsistent correlations between these traits. In general, a positive correlation was found in most of the populations and correlation was significant in six populations. Combined data showed a positive correlation between calcium content and seed hardness (r = 0.23 – 0.49). Furthermore, previously reported QTL for calcium content and/or hardness were evaluated in six different sub-populations and stable markers across environments were identified for potential use in MAS. Based on our results, markers Satt267 and Sat_345 on chromosome 1, Sat_288 on chromosome 7, Sat_228, Satt341, and Sat_392 on chromosome 8, Satt547 on chromosome 16, and Satt002 on chromosome 17, are reliable for calcium content selection; whereas, Satt267, Satt680, Satt341, and Sct_010 on chromosomes 1, 7, 8, and 19, respectively, can be used for selection for seed hardness. Findings of this research will facilitate MAS for seed calcium content and hardness in breeding programs aimed at improving food-grade soybeans. 相似文献
18.
《Journal of Cereal Science》2005,41(1):107-114
Grain protein content (GPC) is a major determinant of malting quality in barley, as it influences many aspects of the malting and brewing processes. The objective of the present study was to apply a quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping approach towards a dissection of the genetic factors involved in phenotypic trait expression. The mapping population comprised 180 doubled haploid lines derived from a cross of parents (VB9524 and ND11231*12) with inherently low GPC. These lines were grown at eight environments in Australia and North Dakota, USA, between 2000 and 2002 and measured for GPC, grain yield, plant height and heading date. QTL analyses with a linkage map of 211 markers identified seven loci significantly (LOD>3.6) linked to variations in GPC. Collectively, these loci accounted for approximately 74% of the total genetic variance for GPC in the population, that is, after adjusting for QTL×environment interactions (QTL×E). QTL×E was highly (P<0.001) significant, but was largely due to differences in magnitude of QTL effects rather than changes in the direction of the effects. Of the seven identified QTLs, five were located at intervals adjacent to those for other agronomic traits, leading to the suggestion that genotype–environment interactions for GPC may also involve pleiotropic or linkage interactions with genes responsible for variation in these traits. 相似文献
19.
J. Bordes C. RavelJ. Le Gouis A. LapierreG. Charmet F. Balfourier 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011,54(1):137-147
Flour and dough quality are very important breeding traits for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) the selection of which would benefit from linked molecular markers. Association analysis allows the identification of genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to target traits. The effectiveness of this approach depends on the availability of a densely genotyped population with large genetic variability for the traits of interest. Our objective was to identify chromosomal regions associated with flour and dough quality traits using a core collection built by maximizing the genetic diversity and phenotypic variability. We investigated the association of DArT, SSR and SNP markers with grain protein content, grain hardness, water-extractable arabinoxylan (WEAX) viscosity, wholemeal flour color and dough rheology.Out of 803 markers tested, 130 markers spread over the genome were associated with at least one trait, varying from 20 associated with WEAX viscosity to 60 associated with dough quality. Most chromosome regions known to determine wheat quality from the study of several bi-parental recombinant inbred lines were confirmed here and some new regions were identified. Associations were found for each trait studied, demonstrating that the core collection is a useful tool for QTL association mapping of these and other traits of interest. 相似文献
20.
利用复合区间作图法和混合线性模型复合区间作图法,对野生大豆江浦野生豆-5和栽培大豆南农06-17所得的F2∶3家系(2008、2009年)及F2∶4家系(2009年)的单株有效荚数、单株粒重、百粒重3个荚粒相关性状进行QTL分析。结果表明:复合区间作图法检测到27个QTL,混合线性模型复合区间作图法检测到18个加性显性QTL和13对上位性QTL,2种方法共同检测到17个QTL,其中12个QTL(qEPP-H-1、qEPP-Lb-1、qSWP-La-1、qSWP-Lb-1、qSW-B1-1、qSW-B2-1、qSW-D1b-1、qSW-H-1、qSW-H-2、qSW-I-2、qSW-Lb-1和qSW-Ma-1)在2 a或2个世代稳定表达,qEPP-H-1、qEPP-Lb-1和qSWP-Lb-1的增效等位基因来源于野生大豆。研究结果为野生大豆优异等位基因的发掘、栽培大豆遗传基础的拓宽以及大豆产量分子标记辅助育种提供理论依据。 相似文献