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1.
Summary

Growth, yield, and leaf nutrient concentrations were measured in ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees grown on one of ten clonally-propagated rootstocks (‘Borchard’, ‘D9’, ‘Duke 7’, G1033, G755A, G755B, G755C, ‘Thomas’, ‘Topa Topa’, or ‘Toro Canyon’) over a 10-year period in southern California. After 10 years, trees on ‘Borchard’ were larger than trees on all other rootstocks. Trees on all rootstocks displayed an alternate-bearing pattern, typical of avocado. Alternate-bearing was most pronounced in trees grafted onto ‘Topa Topa’ and ‘Toro Canyon’. Rootstocks in the G755 series had the lowest alternate-bearing index, but also had the lowest yields.Trees on ‘Duke 7’ and ‘Borchard’ had the highest cumulative yields, and trees on G755A, G755B, and G755C had the lowest yields. Differences in yield were due to differences in the number of fruit per tree, not individual fruit weight. When yield was evaluated in terms of canopy efficiency (kg fruit m–3), no rootstock outperformed ‘Duke 7’, the industry standard rootstock. Leaf concentrations of all nutrients examined (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, Cl, Mn, B, Fe, and Cu) were within, or close to the recommended ranges. P, Ca, and S were higher, and Fe was lower in high-yielding years in all rootstocks.  相似文献   

2.
Summary

We have evaluated the influence of four different peach rootstocks (Prunus pumila,‘GF 655/2’ ,‘Missour’ and ‘GF 677’ as a standard) planted in medium-heavy to heavy soil on phenological events (flowering and harvest date), growth, yield, fruit quality and mortality of peach (P. persica L.) scions of cv. ‘Redhaven’. At the end of flowering, there were no significant differences between the different rootstocks in the years 1999, 2000, 2003 and 2004. In 2001, trees grafted on P. pumila reached the end of flowering 2 d before trees grafted on the other rootstocks. ‘Redhaven’ fruits ripened on the same day on trees grafted on the different rootstocks. The differences were only between years. The results showed that significantly less vigorous trees, according to their trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) and canopy volume, with the lowest yield, were observed on P. pumila rootstock. The rootstock P. pumila had a significant negative influence on fruit dimensions and mortality was 50%. Trees grafted on ‘GF 655/2’ rootstock produced significantly lower yields than those grafted on ‘GF 677’ or ‘Missour’ rootstocks. Only the ‘GF 655/2’ rootstock had root suckers. Trees grafted on ‘GF 677’ rootstock were significantly more vigorous than on the other rootstocks, and produced the highest yield with good fruit quality. The final canopy volumes of peach trees grafted on the different rootstocks were very different. The most vigorous trees were those grafted on ‘GF 677’ rootstock, where the final tree volume was 12.8 m3. Trees grafted on P. pumila and ‘GF 655/2’ had significantly lower TCSA values than on the other rootstocks.  相似文献   

3.
The relationships among several mineral elements of August-sampled leaf October-harvested fruit, maturity and post-harvest quality factors of ‘Starkspur Golden Delicious’ apple trees grown on Seedling, Malling (M) 1, Malling Merton (MM) 106, M 7, Oregon Apple Rootstock (OAR 1) or M 26 in a high-density orchard during 1980–1982 were evaluated. Positive correlations were found between leaf N, K and P and fruit N, K and P, respectively, in most rootstocks. Leaf Ca did not correlate with fruit Ca; thus leaf analysis cannot be recommended for estimates of fruit Ca. Both leaf and fruit N positively correlated with fruit green color and negatively with fruit soluble solids in all rootstocks. Fruit Ca and fruit P were both negatively correlated with fruit soluble solids at harvest and after 6 months of 0°C storage for all rootstocks. The ratio of fruit NCa was positively correlated with internal ethylene in MM 106, M 7 and OAR 1, while fruit KCa ratio was positively correlated with titratable acidity in all rootstocks. Fruit Ca showed negative correlations with bitterpit, storage rot and field internal ethylene, but positive correlation with firmness. Yield was positively correlated with leaf and fruit N, Ca and Cu but slightly negatively correlated with B of those tissues. Higher yield was associated with lower leaf K concentrations. Fruit green color was negatively correlated with soluble solids and titratable acidity. Fruit dry matter was highly positively correlated with soluble solids and titratable acidity in MM 106, OAR 1 and M 26. Soluble solids at harvest were strongly predicted by pre-harvest dry matter.  相似文献   

4.
Summary

The effects of light, moderate, or heavy thinning (5, 10, or 20 cm between fruit, respectively), conducted before (7 d or 15 d), during, or after (7 d or 15 d) pit hardening (PH), on the incidence of split pits, fruit yield, fruit quality characteristics, and leaf mineral contents, were studied in the canning peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch.) cultivar ‘Andross’ over two growing seasons. The percentage of fruit with split pits increased by 58.2% in heavily-thinned trees compared with moderately- or lightly-thinned trees, and by 22.9% for the earliest time of thinning (15 d before PH) compared with thinning during, or after PH. Fruit fresh weight (FW) was greater in moderately- and heavily-thinned trees compared with lightly-thinned trees, but yields were similar among the different crop-load treatments. The latest time of thinning (15 d after PH) also had a negative impact on yield at first harvest and on total yield, fruit FW, and delayed fruit ripening compared to thinning during, and 15 d before PH. Total anti-oxidant capacities and phenolic contents were usually greater in fruit from heavily-thinned compared with lightly- or moderately-thinned trees only when thinning was conducted during, or 15 d after PH. Moreover, anti-oxidant levels were highest in fruit from the earliest-thinned trees. There was no significant effect of crop load, or of time of thinning application treatment on fruit colour, or on the K, P, Fe, Mn, and Cu contents of leaf tissues. In conclusion, light or moderate thinning during PH resulted in minimal split pits during processing, and in optimal yields and fruit quality characteristics in the canning peach cultivar ‘Andross’.  相似文献   

5.
Summary

The effects of whole-crown application of thidiazuron (TDZ), applied two weeks after full bloom, at the concentrations of 0 (control), 2 or 10 ppm, on vine yield, fruit quality and on next-season potential yield of Actinidia deliciosa ‘Hayward’ were evaluated in 1998–99. Fruit growth increased rapidly after TDZ application. Fruit fresh weight and yield increased by about 13% and 22% with the 2 and 10 ppm concentration, respectively. These responses were associated with only small changes in fruit shape, with 10 ppm-treated fruits slightly rounder than the control. During ripening, TDZ did not affect fruit soluble solid content, flesh firmness or concentration of non-structural carbohydrates. No effect was observed on the amount of winter pruning, entity of bud burst, percent of fertile buds, number of inflorescences per fertile bud or percent of vegetative buds. These results show that TDZ can be applied to the whole crown to increase fruit size and yield, without affecting fruit quality or the next-season’s crop.  相似文献   

6.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2002,92(2):113-123
To investigate the variation in quality of ‘Hass’ avocado fruit within an orchard, fruit were harvested at commercial maturity from 15 ‘Hass’ trees of similar appearance, growing in three adjacent rows on the same soil type, and receiving similar management. Fruit were harvested at commercial maturity, and either ripened at 22 °C or stored at 2 or 7 °C for 3 or 5 weeks and then ripened. Significant positive correlations (based on the mean for each datum tree) were noted between fruit flesh calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations and the (Ca+Mg)/potassium ratio, and the number of days for the fruit to reach the eating ripe stage (DTR). Negative correlations were also observed between these minerals and anthracnose and mesocarp discolouration (MD) severity. Negative correlations were observed between fruit potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and DTR. Fruit from trees with high fruit yield were generally smaller, with lower anthracnose and MD severity, ripened more slowly, and had higher flesh Ca concentrations. It is likely that cultural practices that maintain moderate to high fruit yield and reduce variation in yield will improve avocado fruit quality and reduce variability in quality. Since the main differences between adjacent trees in this trial were the seedling rootstocks of unknown origin, it is suggested that rootstocks can have a significant impact on avocado yield and fruit quality.  相似文献   

7.
Summary

Heirloom tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) such as ‘Cuore di Bue’ are highly appreciated by consumers for their outstanding quality and flavour. Nowadays, they are often grafted onto vigorous rootstocks in order to overcome several soil-borne diseases. The present study was conducted in 2007 and 2008 in Southern Italy. Plants of ‘Cuore di Bue’, an heirloom ‘oxheart’ tomato, were grown in a greenhouse either as non-grafted plants, or grafted onto two inter-specific (S. lycopersicum S. habrochaites) rootstocks (‘Beaufort F1’ and ‘Maxifort F1’) in order to evaluate their effects on vegetative growth, marketable yield, fruit quality, and the sensory properties of ‘Cuore di Bue’ tomato fruit. Growth analysis revealed that ‘Maxifort F1’ enhanced plant growth, particularly in terms of leaf area and leaf fresh weight. Grafted plants had higher leaf area ratios (by 13%) and higher leaf dry weight fractions (by 18%) compared to non-grafted ‘Cuore di Bue’ plants. Marketable yields increased by 20 – 25% in grafted plants in both years. However, total soluble solids (TSS) contents, titratable acidity (TA), and TSS/TA ratios were not significantly affected by grafting.Vitamin C contents decreased by 14 – 20% in both years in the fruit of plants grafted onto either rootstock. The sensory profiles of fruit were not modified by grafting, although taste panelists expressed a higher preference for purchasing fruit from plants grafted onto ‘Maxifort F1’. These results confirm that, when using the appropriate rootstock/scion combination, grafting can improve plant growth and the marketable yield of heirloom tomato fruit without reducing the sensory quality of the fruit or its biochemical parameters. However, grafting can reduce vitamin C contents and, thus, nutritional quality.  相似文献   

8.
Leaf mineral composition as affected by different rootstocks, cultivars, training systems and their combinations was measured during 1987 and 1988. Trees on M.7 had significantly higher concentrations of N, P and Fe, whereas those on MM. 106 maintained higher values of K, Ca, Mg and Mn during both years. Between cultivars, Red ‘Delicious’ showed greater accumulation of N, P, Mg and Fe but K and Cu levels were found to be more in Starking ‘Delicious’. All mineral nutrients except Ca and Mg accumulated more in spindle-bush trained trees than those under modified central leader system. The Mineral composition of Starking ‘Delicious’ grafted on M.7 rootstock and trained as a spindle bush produced the best yield efficiency and fruit quality, and fell within the normal range.  相似文献   

9.
In a test with ‘Bartlett’ and ‘d'Anjou’ pear on 8 Pyrus (P.) rootstocks, leaves of ‘Bartlett’ were high in S and Fe on ‘Bartlett’ seedlings (BS), in Zn on P. ussuriensis Maxim. seedlings (USS), and in B on seedlings of P. calleryana Decne (Cal). Leaves of ‘d'Anjou’ were high in P, Zn and B on BS, in N on USS, and in S on Cal. Both ‘Bartlett’ and ‘d'Anjou’ were high in K and Ca on P. betulaefolia Bunge seedlings (Bet). Fruit of both ‘Bartlett’ and ‘d'Anjou’ were high in N, K and Mg on Bet and Cal and high in Ca on Cal and USS. With both ‘Bartlett’ and ‘d'Anjou’, moderately high correlations were found between leaf and fruit concentrations of K and Mg; positive correlations were high for Ca and S with ‘Bartlett’ and for Zn and B with ‘d'Anjou’. There was a very high negative correlation between leaf and fruit Ca with ‘d'Anjou’.  相似文献   

10.
Summary

The aims of this work are to describe the effects of pruning and planting density on growth and water relations of ungrafted and grafted sweet cherry trees. A trial with cherry rootstocks ‘Prunus avium’, ‘CAB 11E’, ‘Maxma 14’, ‘Gisela 5’ and ‘Edabriz’ was begun in 1997. Pruning severities were applied to the rootstocks (0, 30, 60 and 90% of the vegetative growth was removed corresponding to P1, P2, P3 and P4 treatments, respectively) after planting to two plant spacings (S1 = 0.25 × 1.0 m and S2= 0.45 × 1.5 m). Canopy, root growth and leaf water potential (ψleaf) were quantified throughout the growing season. Pruning significantly affected root length and root weight of the rootstocks. Uncut plants (P1) showed a heavier and expanded root biomass (231 g and 108 m) than the intensively pruned plants (P4) (187 g and 75 m). The greater root biomass was obtained with the spacing/pruning combination, S1/P1 (285 g), and the smaller with S1/P4 (180 g) and S2/P4 (176 g). ψleaf varied significantly between the rootstocks and plant spacing but not with pruning. ‘Maxma 14’ and ‘P. avium’ attained the lowest values of midday ψleaf, –2.28 and –2.04 MPa, but the highest values of predawn ψleaf, –0.29 and –0.25 MPa, respectively. Generally, with high density (S1), the rootstocks exhibited lower predawn and midday ψleaf. In 1998, cultivars ‘Burlat’, ‘Summit’ and ‘Van’ were grafted onto rootstocks and a trial was installed in 1999. Predawn and midday stem water potential (ψstem) on cherry trees, measured in 2002, were affected significantly by the rootstock/genotype combination. Cultivars grafted on ‘P. avium’ and ‘Maxma 14’ showed the less negative midday ψstem, –1.36 and –1.42 MPa respectively, so these rootstock genotypes perhaps induced a higher drought resistance to the scion. Recorded data show that the scion-rootstock interaction with regard to production performance under water deficits may be an important consideration in cherry tree planting strategies.  相似文献   

11.
关立新 《园艺学报》2003,30(1):119-122
 ‘抗王’为中早熟西瓜一代杂交种, 适合早春温室、大棚等多种覆盖及露地栽培, 从开花到成熟约32 d。果实圆形, 果皮绿色, 被伏深绿色粗花纹, 含可溶性固形物11%左右。丰产性好, 一般产量可达60～65 t·hm-2 。抗病性强, 耐贮运。  相似文献   

12.
Summary

The export of cactus pear fruit from Mexico has increased over the last decade, with growing consumer demand for larger and higher quality fruit. Growers are concerned that yields decrease when fruit thinning is used to increase fruit size. Our objective was to assess the effects of flower bud (FB) thinning on the pre-harvest and post-harvest attributes and yields of ‘Rojo Liso’ cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) fruit. The experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006. The treatments used were: 1) no thinning, considered as the control; 2) thinning every second bud (T1); or 3) thinning two out of every three buds (T2). Marketable fruit (having an equatorial diameter > 5 cm) in the thinned treatments increased compared to the unthinned controls in both seasons. Thinning did not reduce fruit yield. Fruit quality was similar among treatments, both at harvest and after storage, except for the soluble solids concentrations which were higher in both the T1 and T2 treatments in 2005. Fruit weight loss in storage was similar among treatments. Flower bud thinning can therefore be recommended for commercial use.  相似文献   

13.
Summary

The effects of progressive water stress and subsequent re-hydration on fruit growth and mineral nutrient content were investigated in banana plants (Musa acuminata AAA, ‘Grand Nain’) under field conditions. Water stress was imposed by suspending irrigation from flower emergence for 63 d, then continuous re-watering was restored. These adverse conditions reduced fruit growth, fruit size, yield, and delayed fruit maturation. Fruit fresh and dry weights decreased with photosynthetic rate and soil moisture content during the stress period. In relation to nutrient accumulation, the main effect of drought was to reduce potassium levels, which is the major mineral nutrient in banana. In contrast, all the other minerals analysed either increased (i.e., calcium, sodium, iron and zinc), or remained stable (i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese and copper) under the drought treatment, which generated a positive effect on the organoleptic properties of the fruit. After re-hydration, the mineral nutrient content of banana fruit was similar between stressed and non-stressed plants. The data illustrate the ability of banana to maintain relatively normal mineral contents and functional fruit tissues, which continued to expand after re-hydration, despite the long period of water stress. However, banana fruit lost commercial value, with a reduction in size and biomass after the water stress period.  相似文献   

14.
Summary

Inorganic nutrient concentrations in leaves, xylem sap and fruit from ‘Hort16A’ kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch. var. chinensis) vines grafted onto eight inter-specific rootstocks [A. deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson var. deliciosa; A. eriantha Benth.; A. hemsleyana×eriantha; A. macrosperma C.F. Liang; A. chrysantha Merr.; A. kolomikta (Maxim. et Rupr.) Maxim.; A. kolomikta (Maxim. et Rupr.) Maxim.; and A. polygama (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim.] were measured over three seasons. The nutrients analysed were phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and boron (B). The objectives of these studies were to identify rootstocks which induced relatively high or low levels of nutrients in the scion cultivar, and to correlate the nutrient concentrations of the fruits with the incidence of storage disorders. The use of inter-specific clonal rootstocks had a substantial effect on the accumulation and concentration of inorganic nutrients in the fruit, leaves and stem sap of ‘Hort16A’ kiwifruit vines, but few consistent relationships were observed between fruit nutrient concentrations and the incidence of storage disorders. Vines on A. hemsleyana×eriantha accumulated high levels of P in their fruits, leaves and xylem sap, and high levels of Ca and Mg in their leaves and xylem sap. Vines on A. macrosperma accumulated high levels of K in their fruits and leaves. In general, vines on rootstocks with low vigour (i.e. A. polygama; A. kolomikta) accumulated relatively low levels of nutrients. The incidence of physiological pitting, a mineral-related storage disorder, was higher in fruit with lower Mg concentrations. While rootstock-induced differences in the vigour of vines had an important role in determining nutrient concentrations in fruits and leaves, some rootstocks clearly had a stronger inherent ability to absorb nutrients from the soil than others, independent of their effect on vine vigour.  相似文献   

15.
Summary

The effects of ‘cash’ [a novel 2:5:1 (w/w/w) mixture of calcium sulphate, ground sunflower heads, and humic acid] as a soil amendment on the growth, fruit yield, and leaf nutrient status of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown on reclaimed saline soil (EC = 9.4 dS m–1) were investigated. A glasshouse experiment was performed in a completely randomised design with six treatments (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 g ‘cash’ kg–1 soil) each with four replicates. The results indicated that ‘cash’ increased both the shoot dry weight (DW) plant–1 and the root DW plant–1, the free proline contents of leaves, and leaf chlorophyll contents. The use of ‘cash’ also increased the number of fruit plant–1, fruit yield pot–1, and fruit vitamin C contents, although total soluble solids (TSS) contents were not affected. The contents of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca), and the Ca:Na ratios of leaf tissues increased with all application rates of ‘cash’. Leaf phosphorus (P) contents showed no response to any applied level of ‘cash’. Leaf sodium (Na) contents declined gradually with an increase in the level of ‘cash’ applied to the soil. We concluded that ‘cash’ has a pronounced positive effect on the growth and fruit yield of tomato plants grown in reclaimed saline soil. ‘Cash’ therefore has the potential to be used as a soil amendment for vegetable crops such as tomato to overcome the adverse effects of salinity in newly-reclaimed soils.  相似文献   

16.
Summary

Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of drought during flowering for both container- and field-grown trees, and during fruit development for container-grown trees, on subsequent growth, flowering, yield and quality of the custard apple ‘African Pride’ in subtropical Australia. Moderate drought (ψL=–1.5 MPa) reduced shoot growth by 20–30% and increased the number of flowers per lateral by about 40% compared with well-watered controls due to reduced apical dominance and increased lateral branching. Overall fruit set was not adversely affected by drought. Drought also increased the number of fruit harvested per tree by 47% compared with well-watered controls. This response was mainly due to the increase in flower number per tree. Drought reduced average fruit size by 11% possibly due to effects on cell division in the first 4–6 weeks after fruit set or on net carbon assimilation. In summary, mild to moderate drought during the flowering period and fruit set increased flowering without adversely affecting fruit set, but decreased fruit size.  相似文献   

17.
Summary

This study evaluated the potential yield benefits of pre-blossom urea sprays on various Citrus spp. and to ascertain whether these yield benefits are as a result of altering the blossom composition or of supplying readily utilizable N during the critical flowering/fruit set period. Pre-blossom low-biuret urea sprays, 6–8 weeks before anthesis, at 1% concentration, one or two sprays 10–14 d apart, have resulted in significant (P<0.05) yield benefits in certain orchards. Experiments were conducted over a period of 2–4 years. Cultivars evaluated included ‘Shamouti’ oranges, ‘Ellendale’ tangor and ‘Minneola’ tángelo. In orchards where the leaf N level was below optimum the results were most significant while only slight or no yield responses were obtained in orchards where N levels approximated or exceeded 2.6%. Endogenous leaf ammonia levels were significantly increased for 14–30 d after the spray. This indicated a beneficial N level during the critical flowering and fruit set period. Because of large field variation no consistent trend with respect to the effect of the urea spray on changing the blossom composition (leafless vs. leafy inflorescences) could be demonstrated. Despite the increased ammonia levels recorded, no longer term increases in reserve leaf N levels were obtained.  相似文献   

18.
ABSTRACT

This research was conducted to determine the king versus lateral fruit thinning effects on yield and fruit quality of ‘Elstar’, ‘Granny Smith’, ‘Starkrimson Delicious’, ‘Ultra Red’, ‘Topred’, and ‘Jonagold’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars grafted on MM106 rootstock in 2002-2003. Removal of the king fruit (KFR) treatment partially increased the yield in ‘Jonagold’, ‘Elstar’, and ‘Granny Smith’ cultivars while the effects were different by years in “Starkrimson Delicious”. Leaving of the king fruit (KFL) treatment gave better results in the ‘Topred’ cultivar, and similar effects were obtained from both treatments in ‘Ultra Red’ cultivar. Non-significant differences were obtained from both treatments with respect to fruit weight in the ‘Topred’, ‘Starkrimson Delicious’, ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Granny Smith’ cultivars. Leaving of the king fruit treatment increased the fruit weight significantly in ‘Elstar’ and ‘Ultra Red’ cultivars in 2002. The values of fruit flesh firmness (lb), total soluble solids content (%), pH, titratable acidity (%), total and invert sugar quantity (g/100 g?1) were not found to be significantly different between the treatments with a few exceptions. The ‘KFR’ treatment that removed the dominant effect of the king fruit can be recommended for the ‘Elstar’ and ‘Jonagold’ cultivars because this treatment increased the yield and did not decreased the fruit weight significantly in these cultivars except for ‘Elstar’ in 2002. On the other hand ‘KFL’ treatment can be recommended for the ‘Granny Smith’, Topred’ and ‘Ultra Red’ cultivars. Although this treatment decreased the yield of ‘Granny Smith’ it increased the mean fruit weight 45.6-62.7 g in the two experiment years. ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ did not show clear response to the treatments.  相似文献   

19.
Summary

‘Hayward’ kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev) C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson) were sampled to identify populations of fruit with differing fruit mineral concentrations and levels of the storage-related disorder physiological pitting. Fruit were taken from different shoot types at different locations within vines. Fruit from short shoots near the tips of canes, in an area of the vine with low leaf:fruit ratios, had low fruit calcium concentrations and more pitting. In contrast, fruit from long shoots and with high leaf:fruit ratios near the base of canes, had high concentrations of calcium and less pitting. At the more distal positions along canes in an area of the vine with low leaf:fruit ratios, increasing leaf:fruit ratios on individual fruiting shoots led to higher inflow of calcium to the fruit. No such relationship was found when fruit were sampled from shoots near the base of canes, an area of the vine with relatively high leaf:fruit ratios. Inconsistent relationships were found between fruit soluble solids concentrations and calcium, probably due to different mobility of calcium and carbohydrates within the vines. Fruiting position and the associated leaf area are a source of variability in mineral concentrations of fruit, and by consequence, in the incidence of physiological pitting in ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit, and should be considered when developing sampling techniques.  相似文献   

20.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,106(4):502-514
Flower and foliar nutrient content of ‘Queen Giant’ and ‘Tebana’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] on six almond × peach hybrids rootstocks (‘Adafuel’, ‘Adarcias’, ‘GF 677’, ‘Cadaman’, ‘Garnem’ and ‘Felinem’) were determined during one season. The mineral elements analysed were: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Na and Cu. Leaf N concentration in ‘Queen Giant’ was the highest on ‘Cadaman’ and ‘GF 677’ and the lowest on ‘Adarcias’. The P, Fe and Zn concentrations in flowers and leaves were significantly correlated. The leaf chlorophyll concentration at 120 DAFB was positively correlated with Fe floral concentration and with K, Zn and Na leaf concentration, in ‘Queen Giant’, and with K and Mn leaf concentration, in ‘Tebana’. In ‘Queen Giant’, the greatest trunk cross-sectional area was exhibited with ‘Felinem’ and ‘Garnem’ and the lowest with ‘Adarcias’. In contrast, the greater yield efficiency was found on ‘Adarcias’. In ‘Queen Giant’, a negative correlation was found between yield efficiency and Ca in leaves and in flowers. A positive correlation was observed between tree vigour and flower Fe, flower Ca and leaf Ca concentration. Correlation was also found between yield efficiency and Mg in ‘Tebana’ flowers. In ‘Queen Giant’, ‘Felinem’ rootstock showed the weakest balanced nutritional values (ΣDOP index) compared with other rootstocks.  相似文献   

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