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1.
张健  邱昱  裴占文  吴建辉  石建高  陈锦辉 《水产学报》2023,47(6):069715-069715
为了检验蟹笼渔具逃逸口对三疣梭子蟹逃逸行为的影响,实验使用红外水下摄像装备观察了三疣梭子蟹对3种不同配置逃逸口(位于侧网底部、开口高度3.2 cm和4.0 cm以及位于侧网顶部、开口高度4.0 cm)的反应行为。水下观察结果显示,三疣梭子蟹在笼底的探索行为使其能轻易发现和接近底部逃逸口,而垂直搜索行为能使其发现和接近顶部逃逸口,虽然发现并接近顶部逃逸口所需的时间显著大于底部逃逸口,但平均次数无显著性差异;87%接近逃逸口的个体企图穿越逃逸口,且逃逸口位置对此无显著影响;所有个体均采用侧身姿态穿越逃逸口,甲高是决定个体成功逃逸的关键因素;穿越顶部逃逸口的三疣梭子蟹需要花费更多的时间和精力调整姿态和位置以更好地匹配逃逸口,但广义线性混合模型(GLMM模型)拟合结果显示,逃逸口位置对个体逃逸成功率没有显著影响,表明三疣梭子蟹具有较高的个体姿态操纵能力,而笼内个体数量对逃逸成功率具有显著的影响。结合水下观察,研究认为个体在探索行为的活跃程度和浸泡时间会影响逃逸口的性能;考虑到东海近海蟹笼的结构和渔业现状,研究认为在蟹笼侧网靠近底部安装一个逃逸口是目前可行的技术措施。  相似文献   

2.
基于张网渔获的蟹笼渔具对三疣梭子蟹的相对选择性   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
蟹笼渔具是东海近海重要的作业方式,安装释放装置是改善蟹笼渔具选择性的重要技术手段。作者通过海上试验,对比释放口宽度分别为25 mm和30 mm的试验蟹笼、对照蟹笼和张网的三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)渔获,结合渔获方程和SELECT模型分析蟹笼的接触选择性和对张网的相对选择性。试验结果显示,张网渔具所捕获的群体较对照蟹笼更小;对比对照蟹笼渔获分布,分析试验蟹笼的接触选择性,结果显示,50%选择甲宽(l50)和蟹笼的捕捞能力随着释放口宽度的增大而增大,但选择范围(SR)基本不变。对比张网的渔获分布,获得蟹笼对三疣梭子蟹的相对选择性,结合张网和蟹笼的作业特点,将对照蟹笼的相对选择性视为蟹笼渔具的可捕率,结果显示,较大的个体更容易接触并进入蟹笼,50%概率接触并进入蟹笼的个体甲宽为98.7 mm;释放口宽度30 mm的试验蟹笼的相对选择性的l50(118.4 mm)和SR(10.5 mm)与接触选择性的l50(117.4 mm)和SR(9.5 mm)几无差异;对于释放口宽度25 mm的试验蟹笼,接触和相对选择性l50没有差异,但相对选择范围SR(5.6 mm)明显小于接触选择范围(11.3 mm),因此只考虑蟹笼的接触选择性而忽略其可捕率所得的结果可能会产生偏差。根据试验结果,本文对蟹笼渔具的可捕率的描述方式以及与蟹笼作业能力的区别进行了探讨。  相似文献   

3.
不断壮大的东海近海笼壶渔业对三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）等甲壳类资源造成了巨大的压力,实施养护幼蟹的管理措施已成为渔业管理者和生产者的共同呼声。本研究通过海上对比试验,分析了放大网目尺寸对蟹笼渔获效率的影响,运用SELECT模型估算了蟹笼对三疣梭子蟹的尺寸选择性,结合混合影响模型探讨了作业时间和可捕群体对选择性分析的影响。结果显示,对照蟹笼（网目尺寸32.0 mm）与试验蟹笼（网目尺寸分别为52.3 mm和59.7 mm）的三疣梭子蟹渔获甲宽分布存在显著性差异;SELECT模型拟合结果显示试验蟹笼与对照蟹笼的相对作业强度无显著性差异,网目尺寸分别为52.3 mm和59.7 mm的试验蟹笼对三疣梭子蟹的50%选择甲宽（CW50）分别为86.9 mm和90.9 mm,选择范围分别为15.9 mm和9.2 mm。试验蟹笼的CW50远未达到浙江省等当前的最小可捕尺寸规定,表明蟹笼渔业中仅依靠放大网目尺寸可能难以实现幼蟹的有效释放。结果分析显示,在此次试验中作业时间和可捕群体的数量对蟹笼的选择性没有显著性影响。  相似文献   

4.
Abstract. The parasitic barnacle, Sacculina granifera , changed the abdominal morphology of the host crab, Portunus pelagicus (L.). Three different shapes were recognizable with increase of the host size. Crabs carrying externae could be found throughout the year with higher percentages in the dry season (May-October) in the Gulf of Carpentaria and in warm months (October-March) in Moreton Bay. The parasite infested more males than females in the Gulf but both sexes of crabs equally in the Bay. Generally, the parasite matured when the host (always immature) reached the size of mature crabs. The smallest crab carrying an externa was 70 mm carapace width from the Gulf and 90 mm CW from the Bay. Overall, 6.6% of P, pelagicus were found with externae in the Bay, a subtropical area where crabs are heavily exploited by amateur and commercial fishermen. In comparison, only 1.2% of crabs were found with externae in the Gulf, a tropical area where no commercial fishery is targeted at this species.  相似文献   

5.
Laboratory experiments were firstly conducted to determine the possibility of modification of the collapsible pot for blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus by designing appropriate escape vents in terms of shape, position, and size to improve size selectivity by reducing the catch of immature crabs. In laboratory observations, nearly square-shaped vents of 35 mm height and 45 mm length, located at the lower part of the side panel, showed the best performance to allow the escape of immature-size crabs by side-crawling escape behavior through the vents, with L 50% selection carapace length (CL) of 39.1, 44.4, and 48.7 mm CL for 40, 45, and 50 mm vent length, respectively. Comparative fishing trials between conventional and vented pots with vents of 35 × 45 mm size were conducted to examine the crab size and species selectivity. Use of the vented pots was found to reduce the number of immature crabs in the catch from 70.5% to 11.0% on average, while not affecting the catch efficiency of mature-size crabs. The vented pots also had a selective effect for reducing the catch of bycatch species in comparative fishing trials.  相似文献   

6.
Little is known about the size selectivity of cod in static fishing gears such as pots and traps. In this field study, floating fishing pots were equipped with 40, 45 and 50 mm square mesh escape windows in order to estimate the size selectivity of cod at different mesh sizes. Relationships between selectivity parameters and mesh size, as well as an optimal mesh size for the escape window with respect to current minimum landing size of cod in the Baltic Sea were sought. The results show that the floating pot is not only species selective when used in the Baltic Sea cod fishery, the implementation of an escape window reduced the proportion of undersized bycatch in the pots by more than 90%. The estimated length at 50% retention was found to be a direct function of fish body length (girth) and mesh size of the escape window, while the estimated selection range remained unchanged regardless of mesh size. Optimal mesh size, with respect to the length at 50% retention and current minimal landing size of 38 cm in the Baltic, was determined to be 45 mm. Strong indications (significant on the 0.01 probability level in the case of 50 and 40 mm escape windows) suggested that the relative fishing power of the pots increased with the implementation of an escape window. This result could be explained as a “saturation effect”, i.e. the probability of cod entering the pot is likely to be negatively dependent on cod density in the pot. The high species selectivity and the low catch rate of undersized fish have consolidated the floating pots position as a highly benign fishing method and the foremost alternative gear for the future coastal cod fishery in the Baltic Sea.  相似文献   

7.
We conducted large‐scale production trials in Seward, Alaska, USA to investigate effects of dietary astaxanthin supplementation on survival, growth and shell colouration of recently settled juvenile (C1–C4) red king crabs (Paralithodes camtschaticus). We supplemented a control diet of commercial crustacean feeds with astaxanthin, and fed these diets to juvenile king crabs at densities of 2000 and 4000 crabs m?2 for 56 days. We assessed survival and growth by counting crabs and individually measuring carapace width and weighing crabs at the start and end of the experiment, and quantified crab colour (hue, saturation, brightness) in digital photographs. Diets containing astaxanthin had higher survival, suggesting that astaxanthin may provide nutritional or immune system benefits. Crabs had lower hue, higher saturation and lower brightness values when fed diets containing astaxanthin, suggesting that red king crab colouration is plastic and responds to diet. Astaxanthin is likely an important dietary component for hatchery or laboratory reared red king crab juveniles, and should be considered for aquaculture and other rearing of this and possibly other crustacean species.  相似文献   

8.
Blue swimmer crabs (Portunus pelagicus) are an economically important crab caught in baited traps throughout the Indo-west Pacific and Mediterranean. In Australia they are traditionally caught using rigid wire traps (≈pots) but there has been a recent increase in the use of collapsible pots constructed from polyethylene trawl mesh. Two experiments were conducted in Moreton Bay, Queensland, to determine the ghost fishing potential of lost crab pots on both target and bycatch species and to evaluate the differences between traditional and contemporary pot designs. A lost contemporary, collapsible trawl mesh pot will catch between 3 and 223 P. pelagicus per year after the bait has been exhausted, while a traditional wire mesh pot would catch 11–74 crabs per year. As most fishers now use the collapsible trawl mesh pots, ghost fishing mortality could be as high as 111,811–670,866 crabs per year. Bycatch retention was also higher in contemporary designs. Periods of strong winds appeared to increase the ghost fishing potential of lost pots. The use of escape gaps, larger mesh sizes and construction options that allow for the deterioration of entrance funnels to minimise ghost fishing are recommended to reduce environmental impacts.  相似文献   

9.
ABSTRACT:   Comparative fishing trials were undertaken with two commercial collapsible pots for the crab Charybdis japonica . One pot was box-shaped with two slit entrances at the ends, while the other was dome-shaped with two open funnel entrances. Pots were placed at the bottom of a pond that is connected to Kagoshima Bay. Fishing trials were carried out using a 1-day soaking time; the bait used was mackerel. The box-shaped pot had higher catches of crabs and non-target organisms, but the number of large crabs (carapace width >8 cm) was almost half as many as that caught with the dome-shaped pot. The catch of non-target species was also greatly reduced in the dome-shaped pot, and fish caught were mostly enmeshed in the netting. The reduction in catches of small crabs and non-target organisms was due to the nature of the dome-shaped pot's larger mesh size and open entrances, which allowed for escape. The dome-shaped pot seemed more efficient for harvesting commercial size crabs, while the box-shaped pot seemed better for removing all crab sizes.  相似文献   

10.
于2012年5月至2013年11月,对池养中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)全程投喂配合饲料,观测扣蟹和成蟹阶段的生长规律、成活率、早熟率、性腺发育速度、产量、规格分布和饲料系数等。结果表明:(1)扣蟹阶段雌雄生长差异不显著(P0.05),增重率(WG)和特定增长率(SGR)为先上升后下降,整个扣蟹培育阶段的平均SGR为1.9%/d左右;平均成活率和早熟率分别为10.0%和4.9%,雌体的早熟率显著高于雄体(P0.05);一龄早熟蟹和正常扣蟹的平均体重分别为19.8 g和7.5 g左右,一龄早熟蟹和正常扣蟹的平均产量分别为229 kg/hm~2和2433 kg/hm~2;扣蟹培育阶段饲料投喂主要发生在7—10月,占全部饲料用量的80%以上,饲料投喂量与扣蟹体重及池塘水温具有一定的关系,扣蟹阶段饲料系数(FCR)为2.15。(2)成蟹养殖过程中,自6月份起雄体体重大于雌体,整个养殖阶段雄体的SGR显著高于雌体(P0.05);雌雄成蟹最终平均体重分别为126.1 g和181.1 g,雌、雄及总体成活率分别为61.30%、53.47%和58.4%,产量分别为412.20 kg/hm~2、536.10 kg/hm~2和950 kg/hm~2;成蟹养殖的饲料消耗主要发生在7—10月,其中育肥前期(9—11月)的饲料用量占50%左右,整个成蟹养殖阶段的FCR为2.63。(3)池养成蟹的生殖蜕壳主要发生在8—9月,雌体比雄体早20 d左右;雌体的性腺发育主要发生在生殖蜕壳后的9—10月,雄体的性腺发育时间跨度较长,生殖蜕壳前性腺指数已达0.8%左右;雌雄成蟹性腺发育期间肝胰腺指数均呈下降趋势。综上,全程投喂配合饲料能保证池养中华绒螯蟹的正常生长发育,可大规模推广应用于中华绒螯蟹养殖产业。  相似文献   

11.
The fishery biology of mud crabs Scylla spp. was examined using baited traps and gill nets from September 2001 to August 2005 at Iriomote Island, Japan. To elucidate the growth of the crabs, artificially produced S. serrata juveniles were released and recaptured at the study site. The sizes at which 50% of females and males of S. serrata reached sexual maturity (SM50) were estimated as an external carapace width (ECW) based on the morphology of the abdomen and the chela respectively. Two species, S. serrata and S. olivacea, were identified in the area with S. serrata being the dominant species (>95% of the catch). Changes in the mean ECW and the results of the release and recapture experiments suggested that the recruitment of young crabs to the fishery occurred from December/January to April/May. The SM50 of females and males occurred at 132.4 and 150.7 mm ECW respectively. The body size composition of S. serrata revealed that immature crabs comprised approximately 40 and 65% of the catch for females and males respectively. To maintain a sustainable fishery for S. serrata, a minimum landing size based on the SM50 estimates should be implemented as a fishing regulation.  相似文献   

12.
2010年1-12月(休渔除外)在闽南海区蟹笼作业渔船上每月采样一次,分析样品10批,累计重量111.37 kg.对该渔获进行种类鉴定、组成分析,结果表明:渔获物中共出现72个种,其中鱼类40种、蟹类23种、口足类3种、头足类3种、螺类2种、虾类1种;重量比例为蟹类占45.80％、鱼类占44.46％、口足类占6.47％...  相似文献   

13.
The morphological characteristics, tissue indices, proximate and fatty acid compositions of hepatopancreas, gonad and muscle of pond‐reared (PR) and lake‐stocked (LS) Eriocheir sinensis broodstock were compared. Lake‐stocked crabs are characterized by a blue carapace, white abdomen, golden legs and yellow setae while PR crabs have a brown carapace, grey abdomen, black legs and similar yellow setae. The carapace length and width of PR crabs were significantly less than those of LS crabs of the same wet weight (WW). The results showed that the hepatosomatic index (HSI) of PR males was significantly higher, but the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was significantly lower for PR females when compared with LS individuals of the same sex. Regardless of their origin, the muscular index (MI) of males was higher than that of females. The hepatopancreas of LS crabs had higher protein levels and lower lipid levels compared with PR crabs. The results of proximate analysis of male gonads from two different sources were similar, while the protein level in the ovary of LS females was higher than that of PR females. The tissues of males had higher water content but lower lipid and protein levels compared with females regardless of their source. The LS crabs had higher highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) levels than PR crabs in their gonad and hepatopancreas. In conclusion, our results suggest that the nutritional quality of LS crabs is better than that of PR crabs, the nutritional quality of males is poorer than that of females. The reproductive performance and larval quality of crabs from these two rearing systems should be further verified.  相似文献   

14.
《Fisheries Research》2007,84(3):345-357
Movements of the edible crab Cancer pagurus were investigated from mark-recaptures in the Skagerrak and Kattegat. Crabs were released in 1968–1973 and in 2003 from six main areas along the Swedish west coast, and from one offshore bank in the Kattegat. Recaptures were reported for up to 7 years after the release. Sex-specific differences in migration were found: females migrated significantly longer distances than males, and higher proportions of males stayed within the area of release (60 and 48% of males versus 28 and 19% of females) were recaptured within 1 km of the release site: initial and recent mark-recapture studies, respectively. The movement direction varied with sampling location, however females tended to move in a net southerly direction. The range of mean rates of movement within the first month were 325–345 m d−1 for females and 202–299 m d−1 for males. Over longer time periods mean rates of movement were significantly lower. There was no significant impact of size class on the distance migrated. Short-term (2 months) movements of nine male edible crabs were studied with acoustic transmitters and active tracking. The movement pattern varied among individuals: some stayed in the same area for weeks whereas some made regular movements every day during the tracking period. The difference in migration pattern of females and males, and the largely southward migration of females is consistent with the hypothesis that the migration is related to reproduction. By moving to the south to release their larvae, females may compensate for larval dispersion in the northbound current along the Swedish west coast. The observed migration pattern indicates advisable management options in Sweden for this commercially fished species: protection of areas with high proportion of egg-bearing females from fishing, especially in the Kattegat. Significantly, local management only on a small spatial scale is not recommended as the resource is seasonally shared, if not the effect on the crab population is monitored.  相似文献   

15.
Juvenile edible crabs, Cancer pagurus L., were surveyed from Mumbles Head and Oxwich Bay in South Wales, UK, and the number of heterotrophic bacteria and vibrios in the hemolymph was determined. The percentage of crabs with hemolymph containing bacteria was variable over the survey with higher numbers of animals affected in summer than in winter. Post‐moult crabs contained significantly higher numbers of heterotrophic bacteria in the hemolymph than pre‐ and intermoult animals. Crabs with cuticular damage to the gills also had significantly higher numbers of bacteria in the hemolymph. Crabs were found to have a high prevalence of infection by the dinoflagellate, Hematodinium. Such animals had significantly fewer bacteria in the blood in comparison with Hematodinium‐free animals. Of the 463 crabs surveyed, only 3 individuals had hemolymph containing 2000 + CFU mL?1. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, two of these crabs contained a Vibrio pectenicida‐like isolate, while the other had a mixed assemblage of vibrios. Although 59% of the crabs surveyed had culturable bacteria in the hemolymph, the majority only had small numbers (<2000 CFU mL?1), suggesting that such infections may be of limited importance to the sustainability of the crab fishery in this region.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract  Spawning biology and migration of the mud crab, Scylla olivacea (Herbst), in the Andaman Sea were examined from November 2002 to March 2004 at Klong Ngoa Mangrove area, Ranong Province, Thailand. Mature females were dominant from July to November. The changes in monthly gonadosomatic index of females ranged from 1.9 (±3.3) to 8.2 (±5.8) and size at first maturity was 9.4 cm internal carapace width (ICW). Fecundity ( F ) correlated ICW according to F =3.02 ×ICW2.98. A total of 1013 female crabs were double tagged with spaghetti and bottom tags. The recaptured rate was 36.7% and showed that females migrated from coastal area to the open sea during the spawning season. A closed season during the north-east monsoon season and a minimum legal ICW size of 10 cm are recommended for sustainable management of the fishery.  相似文献   

17.
The effects of temperature and autotomy of chelipeds on survival, growth and moulting of mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) juveniles were investigated under laboratory conditions for 60 days. Hatchery‐produced crabs with 2.0–2.3 cm internal carapace width (1.7–2.2 g body weight) at intermoult stage were exposed to one of four temperature treatments (constant 29, 32 or 35°C, or ambient [24–31°C]) or subjected to cheliped autotomy. All crabs held at 35°C had 100% mortality due to incomplete moulting during first moult. The mean survival of crabs at termination was 58%, 64% and 50% for ambient temperature, 29 and 32°C respectively. Specific growth rate (SGR) of crabs in the ambient and 29°C were comparable but significantly lower than those at 32°C. The moult interval of the crabs was significantly shorter in treatments with constant water temperature of 29 and 32°C compared with ambient temperature. The survival of crabs with intact chelipeds was comparable with those with one or two autotomized chelipeds. Crabs with intact or one autotomized chelipeds had significantly higher SGR than crabs with both chelipeds autotomized in the first moult. On the second moult, however, high SGR was observed in crabs with two chelipeds autotomized. The moult interval was significantly shorter in the autotomized crabs compared with crabs with intact chelipeds. The results suggest that the optimum water temperature for rearing S. serrata juveniles ranges from 29 to 32°C. Likewise, autotomy of chelipeds can promote moulting without adversely affecting survival of crabs.  相似文献   

18.
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19.
This study presents results from an experimental 10-day research charter that was designed to quantify the effects of (a) a turtle excluder device (TED), (b) a radial escape section bycatch reduction device (BRD) and (c) both devices together, on bycatch and prawn catch rates in the Queensland shallow water eastern king prawn (Penaeus plebejus) trawl fishery. The bycatch was comprised of 250 taxa, mainly gurnards, whiting, lizard fish, flathead, dragonets, portunid crabs, turretfish and flounders. The observed mean catch rates of bycatch and marketable eastern king prawns from the standard trawl net (i.e., net with no TED or BRD) used during the charter were 11.06 kg/hectare (ha−1) (S.E. 0.90) swept by the trawl gear and 0.94 kg ha−1, respectively. For the range of depths sampled (20.1–90.7 m), bycatch rates declined significantly at a rate of 0.14 kg ha−1 for every 1 m increase in depth, while prawn catch rates were unaffected. When both the TED and radial escape section BRD were used together, the bycatch rate declined by 24% compared to a standard net, but at a 20% reduction in marketable prawn catch rate. The largest reductions were achieved for stout whiting Sillago robusta (57% reduction) and yellowtail scad Trachurus novaezelandiae (32% reduction). Multidimensional scaling and analysis of similarities revealed that bycatch assemblages differed significantly between depths and latitude, but not between the different combinations of bycatch reduction devices. Despite the lowered prawn catch rates, the reduced bycatch rates are promising, particularly for S. robusta, which is targeted in another fishery. Prawn trawl operators are not permitted to retain S. robusta and the devices examined herein offer the potential to significantly reduce the incidental fishing mortality that this species experiences.  相似文献   

20.
2010年1-12月(休渔除外)在闽南海区蟹笼作业渔船上每月采样一次,分析样品10批,累计重量111.37kg。对该渔获进行种类鉴定、组成分析,结果表明:渔获物中共出现72个种,其中鱼类40种、蟹类23种、口足类3种、头足类3种、螺类2种、虾类1种;重量比例为蟹类占45.80%、鱼类占44.46%、口足类占6.47%、头足类占3.11%、螺类占0.12%、虾类0.04%。主要优势种为叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)、红星梭子蟹(Portunus sanguinolentus)、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)、日本(Charybdis japonica)。  相似文献   

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