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1.
Cashew apples and kernels from sixteen high-yielding varieties were chemically characterized. Protein, starch, amino acids and sodium contents in cashew kernels did not vary significantly among the high-yielding varieties. Reducing sugar content in the kernel was negligible compared to total sugar. Ascorbic acid, amino acid, phenol and tannin contents in cashew apple showed a significant variation among high-yielding varieties. Non-reducing sugar content in cashew apples was negligible. Varieties M 6/1, Bla 256-1, M 10/4 and M 44/3 appeared to be better for apple juice extraction because of their low tannin content. No varietal difference was noticed with respect to qualitative composition of sugars, organic acids and phenols.CPCRI Contribution No. 459  相似文献   

2.
Two varieties of mesta (Hibiscus sabdariffa) seeds were analysed for their proximate composition. Their protein (18.8–22.3%), fat (19.1–22.8%) and dietary fiber (39.5–42.6%) contents were found to be high. The seeds were found to be a good source of minerals like phosphorus, magnesium and calcium. Their lysine and tryptophan contents were also high. Sulphur containing amino acids were limiting in this seed protein and the chemical score of mesta seed protein was 40 and 57 for AMV-2 and Bhimili-1 varieties respectively. Mesta seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids (70%), of which linoleic acid constituted 44%. Weanling rats were fed with 10% mesta seed protein before and after cooking for 4 weeks. Food intake of animals receiving raw mesta seed diets was significantly lower than those receiving cooked mesta seed diets as well as the casein control diet. Protein and dry matter digestibilities of raw and cooked mesta seed diets were lower than that of casein control diet. Cooking improved the food intake, gain in body weight, dry matter and protein digestibility of mesta seed diets. PER and NPU of cooked mesta seed diets were significantly higher than the corresponding raw diets. These results indicate that cooked mesta seed protein is of relatively good quality.  相似文献   

3.
通过对5个产区咖啡果皮基本成分、脂肪酸和氨基酸组成测定,并对脂肪酸和氨基酸进行营养评价,为咖啡果皮开发提供理论依据。结果表明:纤维素、蛋白质和总糖是咖啡果皮主要成分,纤维素和总糖含量最高是海南产区分别为18.585%和19.315%,蛋白质含量最高是德宏产区为15.916%,均显著高于其他4个产区。共检出17种氨基酸,色氨酸均未检出,氨基酸含量最高为海南产区样品(7.072%);经氨基酸比值系数法(SRC)评价得分为42.43~52.68,最高为德宏产区样品,说明各产区咖啡果皮中必须氨基酸均有较佳的均衡性;5个产区样品共检出15种脂肪酸,含量最高为海南产区样品,为6.752%,∑ω-6/∑ω-3得分为2.975~4.710,不饱和脂肪酸不太均衡。综上,咖啡果皮营养价值丰富,具有较高的开发和利用价值。   相似文献   

4.
The physicochemical properties, fatty acids profile and triglyceride compositions of the stillingia oil were analyzed. The stillingia oil was found to contain 98.79% neutral lipids, 0.22% phospholipids and 0.99% glycolipids, which exhibited varying contents of fatty acids. The major triglyceride was double linoleic acid linolenic acid triglyceride, which accounted for approximately 79.49% of the total triglycerides. Preparation of biodiesel from stillingia oil was investigated by enzyme transesterification with methanol as the acyl acceptor. The results showed that lipase type (Novozym 435, Lipozyme TLIM and Lipozyme RMIM), reaction systems (in solvent-free and tert-butanol system) and operational parameters (lipase loading, reaction time, temperature, and molar ratio of alcohol to oil) influenced the biodiesel yield. Fuel properties of biodiesel from stillingia oil were evaluated and all were in acceptable range for use as biodiesel in diesel engines, and had remarkable flash point and satisfactory cold flow properties. It was concluded that stillingia oil was an alternative potential feedstock oil for biodiesel production.  相似文献   

5.
辽宁西部地区玉米密植潜力研究   总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5  
以当地主栽的30个玉米品种为试验材料,设4个密度处理,在辽西地区进行增密试验。结果表明:所试品种的适宜密度比当地生产上的实际密度(37 500株/hm2,对照密度)高出20%～40%,多数品种比对照密度产量增产20%～30%,说明辽西地区玉米生产的密植潜力还很大。有11个品种的最高产量比郑单958和先玉335显著增产或与其相当,其中有8个品种增产幅度为5.9%～17.4%,高产品种的生物产量和经济系数也相对较高。增加密度后,株高对密度的响应因品种而异,在密度增加到45 000株/hm2或52 500株/hm2时株高明显增加,继续增加密度时株高不再增加的品种增产幅度大;株高随着密度增加而持续上升的品种增产的幅度明显下降;密度增加而株高不变的品种没有表现出较大的增密增产潜力。  相似文献   

6.
夏播大豆产量的环境响应及高产品种的主要特性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为明确生长环境对夏播大豆产量的影响及高产品种的主要性状特征,选用50份大豆品种在黄淮海夏播大豆生态区的蒙城、阜南、龙亢试验点进行连续三年的田间试验,研究不同环境下夏播大豆产量和高产大豆品种的农艺、品质、适应性等。结果表明:(1)试点间、年份间及品种间产量差异均达到极显著水平,试点间方差占总方差的15.75%,年份间方差占6.48%,品种间方差占24.90%。3个试点中,蒙城点产量最高,龙亢点最低,平均产量相差在343.63~1 133.28 kg·hm-2,三年均达极显著水平。(2)有14份品种在3年9点次试验中平均产量高于2 700.00 kg·hm~(-2),其中11份是亚有限生长习性,3份是有限生长习性,产量位于前4位的全部是亚有限生长习性品种。高产品种中,亚有限生长习性品种的生殖期、单株粒数等均值大于有限生长习性品种,结荚高度、百粒重等小于有限生长习性品种。与普通品种比较:高产大豆品种的生殖期、主茎节数、单株粒重、种子脂肪含量均值均大于普通品种达极显著水平(t=2.94**;t=3.23**;t=2.87**;t=2.89**),种子蛋白含量低于普通品种达极显著水平(t=2.98**)。(3)筛选出14份高产大豆品种,其中产量位于前四位的分别是高丰1号、GR8836、铁杆1号及中品661,均有较好的广适性。同时,高产品种在蒙城试验点,具有更高的产量和更好的适应性表现。不利的生长环境是目前黄淮夏播生态区大豆产量的主要限制因素之一,针对大豆生长的不利因素,优化栽培技术并配合高产品种,可以起到增产、稳产作用。高产大豆品种一般具有生殖期较长、主茎节数较多、单株粒重较大,脂肪含量较高的特点。亚有限生长习性品种可能因为具有更好的环境适应能力,所以在试验中有更好的产量表现,应该在未来的研究中给予重视。  相似文献   

7.
Proximate and mineral composition, seed protein fractions, amino acid composition, fatty acid profiles and antinutritional factors were analysed for the seeds of the tribal pulse,Bauhinia malabarica. The seeds contained higher amount of crude lipid when compared with most of the domesticated pulses. The seeds were rich in minerals like Ca, Mg and Fe. Glutelins (45%) constituted the major seed protein fraction followed by globulins which accounted for about 34%. Cystine and methionine were found to be the limiting essential amino acids; whereas tyrosine and phenylalanine content were fairly high when compared with WHO requirement pattern. The unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid and linoleic acid, were predominant in seed lipids. Presence of antinutritional substances like total free phenols, tannins, L-DOPA and haemagglutinating activity also were analysed/assayed.  相似文献   

8.
利用SSR引物分析西藏青稞种质资源的遗传多样性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为了评价西藏青稞种质资源的遗传多样性,用260对SSR引物对来自青藏高原主要农区的75份青稞育成品种、17份野生大麦、39份青稞地方品种和44份国外大麦材料的遗传多样性进行了分析.结果表明,从260对SSR引物中筛选出23对多态性高的引物,占筛选引物的8.1％.23对SSR引物在西藏野生大麦中共扩增出稳定、清晰的条带92条,多态性条带为81条,其比例为88.04％;在西藏青稞地方品种中共扩增出稳定、清晰的条带89条,多态性条带为78条,其比例为87.6％;在青稞育成品种中共扩增出稳定、清晰的条带109条,多态性条带98条,其比例为89.9％;在引进材料中共扩增出稳定、清晰的条带64条,多态性条带53条,其比例为82.8％.遗传多样性分析结果为青稞育成品种(0.9882)＞西藏野生大麦(0.8033)＞西藏青稞地方品种(0.5820)＞国外大麦材料(0.4218).聚类与主坐标分析表明,实验材料可以清楚的分为4类,西藏野生大麦分在两个类群,西藏青稞地方品种分在两个类群,引进大麦材料分在一个类群,青稞育成品种分在四个类群.同一来源地区的青稞育成品种遗传基础较为狭窄,不同地区间的青稞育成品种遗传差异较大.以上结果说明,在西藏青稞新品种选育和遗传改良中,在发掘和利用西藏野生大麦资源、西藏青稞地方品种资源的同时,更应该加强不同地区青稞育成品种资源的交换和配合使用.  相似文献   

9.
优质丰产杂交籼稻品种机直播产量构成及其群体质量研究   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  
【目的】本研究旨在明确适宜平原(崇州)与丘陵(三台)稻区机直播优质杂交籼稻高产品种群体质量的共性特征,构建规范化的机直播优质杂交籼稻高产品种的鉴选方法和评价标准,以及为杂交籼稻机械化直播配套技术的融合提供理论及实践依据。【方法】两生态区以29个品种为试材,采用人工模拟精量穴直播(以下简称机直播),研究机直播对平原与丘陵稻区不同产量水平的优质杂交籼稻群体质量特征及产量的影响,并探讨机直播优质杂交籼稻群体质量特征与产量间的关系。【结果】依据两生态区各品种的平均籽粒产量聚类分析,将两生态区供试品种分为高产、中产、低产3种类型。其中,三台高产类型品种占17.24%,中产、低产类型品种占82.76%;崇州高产类型品种占10.34%,中产、低产类型品种占89.66%。与中产、低产类型品种相比,两生态区高产类型品种的共性特征为分蘖能力强、有效穗数多、结实率高,拔节期后叶面积指数(LAI)大,干物质累积量高;结实期顶3叶叶长、叶位、叶张角、株高及其顶部截获光能优势明显。相关分析表明,机直播条件下,除群体透光率、顶3叶叶张角、分蘖盛期LAI及干物质累积量外,各群体质量指标与籽粒产量均呈显著或极显著正相关(r =0.37*~0.90**),尤其是齐穗期高效LAI率、成熟期干物质累积量及其收获指数与产量的相关性。【结论】机直播条件下,高产类型品种能够获得较高的有效穗数和每穗实粒数,并协同提高结实率,实现生育后期群体干物质的高增长,从而获得较高产量。  相似文献   

10.
花生籽仁不同发育时期不同部位主要营养成分变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
本研究以不同油酸花生品种为材料，对籽仁含油量、脂肪酸和蔗糖含量累积规律和基豆先豆间差异及籽 仁不同部位差异进行分析。结果表明，随着花生籽仁的发育，含油量增加且高油品种含油量积累速率高于低油品 种，蔗糖含量下降；不饱和脂肪酸逐渐增加，饱和脂肪酸和超长链饱和脂肪酸逐渐下降，亚麻酸逐渐降低到消失，其 中高油酸材料棕榈酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸的下降速率以及油酸的上升速率高于普通油酸材料。各材料脂肪酸在基豆 和先豆间无显著差异，而含油量基豆高于先豆。成熟籽仁胚中棕榈酸、亚油酸、花生烯酸、山嵛酸和二十四碳烷酸 含量显著高于子叶，含油量、硬脂酸和油酸含量低于子叶，在胚中约含有0.5%左右的亚麻酸，而子叶中未检测到亚 麻酸。本研究结果为选育品质优的油用型和食用型花生品种具有指导意义。  相似文献   

11.
The effect of seven levels of Cd2+ viz. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 80 ppm (µg/g soil) supplied as cadmium chloride, on lipid components of sunflower seeds was studied in a pot experiment. The total and neutral lipids decreased while polar lipids (phospho and glycolipids) increased with the increasing levels of Cd2+. Oleic acid and linoleic acids were the major fatty acids in the total, polar and neutral lipid fractions. Oleic acid generally increased while linoleic acid decreased in all the lipid fractions with Cd2+ levels. The neutral lipid fraction had higher levels of palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic and oleic acid as compared to the total and polar lipid fractions. The plant dry weight and seed yield decreased whereas cadmium concentration in seeds increased consistently with increasing Cd2+ levels.  相似文献   

12.
The present study evaluates variations among flaxseed varities in terms of fatty acid composition, phytochemical profile, and antioxidant activity determined by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferrous ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Significant variations in fatty acid composition, phenolic acids and lignan were observed in flaxseed varieties from different countries. Among them, unsaturated fatty acids accounted over 4/5 of total fatty acid content. The highest ratio of linolenic acid of total fatty acid was observed in USPEA, whereas the lowest one was found in Yexiao. USPEA showed the highest content of total phenolics, as well as flaxseed lignan. In general, total phenolics appeared to be the main contributors of antioxidant capacity of flaxseed, which presented significant positive correlation. Our study revealed that both cultivar and origin of seed significantly affected fatty acid composition, phenolic acids, lignans and subsequent antioxidant activity of flaxseed. These results provided new aspects of breeding resources of flaxseed cultivars by presenting their quality specification and possible commercial value.  相似文献   

13.
The seed oils ofParkia biglobosa andParkia bicolor (Mimosaceae) have been analysed for their possible edible utility and to provide some physical data on both oils. The fatty acid composition of the oils was identified. Six major fatty acids were identified in the oil ofP. bicolor while five were identified in that ofP. biglobosa by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography — Mass Spectroscopy (GC — MS). The two oils contained five similar fatty acids in almost the same ratios. Arachidic acid was the most abundant fatty acids (greater than forty per cent) in both oils. Other fatty acids in the oils were behenic, stearic, palmitic and linoleic acids. The sixth fatty acid inP. bicolor was an odd number of carbon atom and un unsaturated fatty acid (C20H37COOH) named bicolargic acid. The oils were also found to be non toxic.  相似文献   

14.
We conducted this research because earlier research revealed that Pakistani farmers were growing 8–10-year-old wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties and hence not benefitting from the recent advances in wheat breeding. Participatory varietal selection (PVS) trials were conducted to have farmers validate and include newly released wheat varieties into seed-production stream to speed up replacement of old and obsolete wheat varieties by farmer-preferred new high-yielding varieties. Fourteen new varieties recommended for irrigated and eight for rainfed environments were evaluated in this research involving smallholder farmers in food-deficit districts of Pakistan. Collaborating farmers preferred 10 varieties from the PVS trials, eight of which were germplasm from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) that yielded on average 5–17% more grain than local checks. Local checks used in the PVS trials in Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were old improved varieties. Greater yield advantage from new varieties over local checks was reported from rainfed environments and areas where old local checks were used. The PVS research showed the possibility of ensuring food security of smallholder farmers as new high-yielding varieties gave an additional 0.3 –0.5 tons of grain per ha, sufficient to feed two to three persons per year. Research also revealed that innovative farmers in rainfed regions grew wheat varieties recommended for irrigated regions to identify high-yielding wheat varieties with stable performance. Feedback by farmers to wheat breeding research system was to develop even higher yielding new wheat varieties with diseases resistance to replace old and obsolete varieties to boost food security.  相似文献   

15.
Seeds of a Tunisian variety (Béjaoui) of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) were analysed for their main chemical composition and for their oil properties. Expressed on dry weight basis, seed moisture was 8.46%, whereas contents of proteins, fibre, ash, fat, and total sugars established at 33.92%, 3.97%, 21.97%, 31.57%, and 0.11% respectively. Gas chromatography revealed that the major fatty acids were oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids (44.11%, 34.77%, and 15.97% respectively). Seed oil was also found to be rich in tocopherols with a predominance of δ-tocopherol (42.27%). The sterol marker β-sisosterol accounted for 39.6% of total sterols contained in seed oil of this variety. Six phenolic acids (protocatechuic, caffeic, syringic, vanillic, p-coumaric and ferulic) were detected, the syringic acid being predominant (7.96 mg/100 g). As a whole, based on its seed oil features, pumpkin may be considered as a valuable source for new multi-purpose products for industrial, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical utilisation.  相似文献   

16.
In the present study we report the chemical composition of the Cretan Phoenix theophrasti Gr. fruits, in comparison with dates, from its close relative Phoenix dactylifera L. for their nutritional value and their potential exploitation as a source of bioactive components such as phytosterols, lipids and polyphenols. The non polar dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) extract of the fruits was analysed by several techniques (TLC, CC, GC and GC-MS) and was found to consist mainly from fatty acids, hydrocarbons and phytosterols. Palmitic acid was the most abundant fatty acid, 12.49% of total saponifiables, while β-sitosterol was the most prevalent phytosterol, 29.46% of total unsaponifiable lipid fraction. The polar methanolic extract was examined for its total phenolic content, by the Folin–Ciocalteu assay, as well as for its antioxidant activity through DPPH assay, in comparison with previous studies on the fruits of several Phoenix dactylifera varieties. This fraction was found to possess strong antioxidant activity despite its lower content of phenolic compounds in comparison with previously studied Phoenix dactylifera specimens.  相似文献   

17.
经测定,番木瓜、橄榄蜂花粉的蛋白质含量分别为２１．８３１％和１９．１９４％;总糖含量分别为２２．６６％及２２．０８％冰解氨基酸的总含量分别为２１．７０７％和２３．３０７％,游离氨基酸的总含量分别是３９４．２５７ｍｇ／１００ｇ和５６２．９４１ｍｇ／１００ｇ,两者均具８种人体必需氨基酸,总含量分别为９．１１８％和８．８５１％,比值与ＦＡＯ／ＷＨＯ（１９７３）提出的理想蛋白质中人体必需氨基酸的比率模式接近,氨基酸分分别为７７．７和９２．６,番木瓜的限制性氨基酸为亮氨酸和缬氨酸,橄榄的限制性氨基酸为完氨酸。不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总含量的６８．７９％和６７．７９％,多烯不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比值分别为１．６９及１．４３。番木瓜、橄榄蜂花粉含１０种维生素,其中维生素Ｃ含量最高,分别达到５０．３２ｍｇ／１００ｇ和３５．４１ｍｇ／１００ｇ;番木瓜、橄榄蜂花粉除磷、钙、锌的含量普遍较高外,多数矿质元素的含量与其他果树蜂花粉相近。  相似文献   

18.
The lipid content and fatty acid profiles of four lesser known tropical seeds,Piper guineense, Chrysophyllum albidum, Garcinia kola andDennettia tripetala, were determined. The total lipid content (g/kg dry weight) ranged between 31.8 and 68.9. The ranges of values for neutral lipids, triacylglycerol of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids were 17.3–58.0, 15.0–49.6, 3.0–7.2 and 3.7–11.2, respectively. The fatty acid profiles showed variation among different seeds. All the seeds contained substantial amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. Oleic and linoleic acids were the most abundant fatty acids.Dennettia tripetala andPiper guineense also contained moderate amounts of linolenic acid.  相似文献   

19.
叶籽两用茶树种质的研发利用对于茶产业结构调整、茶园综合效益提升具有特殊意义,因此深入研究现有茶树种质与茶籽相关性状特征,可为叶籽两用茶树的遗传育种提供基础信息.从福建、云南和湖南采集了31份同年结实茶籽,对种仁的含油率和脂肪酸组成特征进行测定.结果表明,不同茶树茶籽含油率存在2倍以上的差异;从茶籽油脂中检测到10种脂肪...  相似文献   

20.
周琦  祝遵凌 《热带作物学报》2018,39(11):2296-2303
本研究利用氨基酸自动分析仪对 4 种不同颜色的香水莲花茶的水解氨基酸成分及含量进行检测与分析,并对 香水莲花茶进行营养价值评价,同时测定香水莲花茶中矿质元素含量,从而了解香水莲花茶氨基酸及矿质元素营养价 值。研究结果表明：香水莲花茶中氨基酸种类丰富,4 种不同颜色的香水莲花茶均含有 17 种氨基酸,氨基酸总量为 27.19%~31.69%,其中含量较高的为谷氨酸（Glu）及天门冬氨酸（Asp）;香水莲花茶含有人体所需各种必需氨基酸, 占氨基酸总量的 28.76%~36.60%,鲜味氨基酸占总量的 25.02%~32.44%,药用氨基酸含量丰富,占总量的 60.65%~ 64.39%;香水莲花茶的氨基酸比值系数分 SRC 值为 77.67~79.94,第一限制氨基酸是甲硫氨酸+半胱氨酸（Met+Cys）, 其他氨基酸含量均与模式蛋白含量相当;花茶中矿质元素含量丰富,Na、K、Ca、Mg 含量较高,且重金属元素含量在 安全范围之内。因此,香水莲花茶具有较高的营养价值和保健功能,有很大的开发潜力。  相似文献   

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