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1.
土壤酸性改良不到位是蓝莓定植死亡率过高的主要原因之一。使用薯蓣皂素提取行业的废弃物资源-强酸性皂素废水为原料,建立了液体土壤酸性改良方法,并与传统的硫磺粉改良法进行了对比研究。结果表明,土壤pH调控的准确性和稳定性是影响蓝莓幼苗存活的关键因素。稀释废水、稀硫酸和10 g硫磺粉处理组可以准确稳定地调控土壤pH在5.5左右,127 d试验周期结束时,3组蓝莓幼苗存活率均为100%,而5、30、50、100 g硫磺粉改良组的土壤pH变化幅度过大,幼苗存活率均为0%。土壤pH适合时,硫磺粉处理组的幼苗生长情况优于稀释废水组和稀硫酸组。10 g硫磺粉处理组的生物量、根体积、根长、株高、叶数、分枝数指标约为稀释废水组和稀硫酸组的两倍。3组处理对土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶活性的影响较小。总之,土壤pH是影响蓝莓定植存活的关键因素,而硫磺粉可能对蓝莓具有显著的营养作用。 相似文献
2.
土壤pH值与土壤因子灰色关联探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《土壤通报》2015,(1):117-120
对于植物生长和发育来说,土壤养分是必要的营养物质,其有效性直接关系着植物发育情况、土壤肥力以及土壤生产力。土壤pH值对养分的有效性影响很大,为了研究其关联性,选用大庆市大同区四乡镇土壤作为样品,对样品的数据结果进行标准化处理,采用灰色关联法对土壤pH值与各土壤养分因子的关联性进行研究。结果表明,与pH值关联度最大的是有效氮,灰关联度为0.928。生产中应采取积极措施改善土壤酸碱度,合理施氮肥,以促进农作物更好地生长。 相似文献
3.
以猪粪沼液和棕壤为试材,采用土柱培养法,共设土壤pH分别为5、7、9的3个处理,探究土壤酸碱度对粪大肠杆菌随沼液施入土壤后消长变化的影响机理。结果表明,所有处理粪大肠杆菌均呈先增后减的趋势,在培养后的第8 d达到峰值并在培养第60 d数量降至105数量级。pH为7(中性土壤)最有利于粪大肠杆菌生存,pH 为9(碱性土壤)抑制作用最强,在培养后的第60 d,pH为7处理的粪大肠杆菌数量分别比pH为5和9处理升高了10.06%和48.85%。随土壤深度的增加,土壤pH为5、7、9处理的粪大肠杆菌分别呈现先增后减、先减后增、先减后增的趋势,均在15 cm处出现拐点。神经网络模型分析结果表明,影响土壤中粪大肠杆菌生存的关键因素是土壤硝态氮,其次为土壤有机质,土壤铵态氮的重要性最低,而土壤酸碱度对粪大肠杆菌生存的影响不仅体现在酸碱度的直接作用上,还通过酸碱度的变化导致土壤理化性质改变所产生的间接作用。综合分析,pH为7(中性土壤)最有利于粪大肠杆菌生存,pH为9(碱性土壤)对粪大肠杆菌灭活效果最好。 相似文献
4.
蓝莓特殊的根系吸收特性和生长特点,使得蓝莓的生长对土壤条件的要求较为严格,土壤的pH、有机质含量等均对蓝莓的生长起着至关重要的作用。基于此,针对蓝莓的根系吸收特性以及土壤不同性质对蓝莓生长的影响,提出以下改善措施:改善土壤性质、改良蓝莓的种植方法、采用先进的水肥一体化技术避免土壤的养分不足。 相似文献
5.
中国农耕区土壤有机质含量及其与酸碱度和容重关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对我国农耕区土壤有机质区域变化及其与酸碱度和容重关系进行系统分析,为耕地地力提升和改善土壤结构提供支撑。基于国家级耕地长期定位监测点913个,统计分析全国及7大区域（东北NE、华北NC、西北NW、长江中游MYR、长三角YRD、华南SC、西南SW）耕层土壤有机质含量、酸碱度及容重变化特征。结果表明,全国农耕区耕层土壤有机质含量平均值为22.4~24.8 g/kg。其中有机质含量中等偏低的监测点位占比达72.5%。不同区域耕层土壤有机质含量差异显著（p<0.05）,MYR耕层土壤有机质含量显著高于其他6个区域。全国农耕区耕层土壤pH和容重平均分别为（6.90±1.20）,（1.30±0.15） g/cm3。不同土壤利用方式对土壤有机质、酸碱度及容重产生影响。水田耕层土壤有机质含量显著高于旱地,旱地耕层土壤pH和容重则显著高于水田。亚当斯方程和指数函数分别推荐拟合土壤容重对有机质含量响应关系（R2=0.09,RMSE=0.17,n=759）,以及土壤pH对土壤有机质含量响应（R2=0.16,RMSE=1.24,n=886）。全国农耕区耕层土壤有机质含量总体中等偏低,呈现出东南向西北依次降低趋势。土壤pH及容重与土壤有机质呈现显著的负相关关系。亚当斯模型及指数方程能较好地拟合土壤容重及pH对有机质的响应关系,可用于非线性插值法补充土壤容重及pH缺失值。 相似文献
6.
为确定重庆市柑桔园土壤酸碱度及金属元素的含量状况及变化特征,2008年对重庆104个柑桔园的土壤农化样（树冠周围）和背景样（树间对照区）进行采样分析。结果表明,84.6%的植桔土壤pH值呈下降趋势,平均降幅为9.6%,56.8%的柑桔园土壤pH小于6.5,与背景样相比,土壤pH值小于5.5的果园明显增加,占调查总数的32.7%;7.8%的柑桔园土壤pH在4.8以下,不适合柑桔的生长。随着pH的降低,土壤有效钙、有效镁含量呈降低趋势,而土壤有效铁、有效锰、有效铜和有效锌含量则明显上升,进一步酸化可能对柑桔生长产生毒害,在柑桔的栽培管理中,应采取必要措施进行防治。 相似文献
7.
生物有机肥对蓝莓根区土壤养分及微生物学特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以蓝莓为试材,研究了生物有机肥对蓝莓根区土壤养分及微生物学特性的影响。结果表明:（1）生物有机肥（BOF）显著增加了蓝莓根区土壤含水量（p < 0.01）,显著降低了蓝莓根区土壤pH值、容重和总孔隙度（p < 0.01）;（2）生物有机肥增加了蓝莓根区土壤养分,BOF处理下蓝莓根区土壤有机碳、全氮、全钾、有效磷和有效钾含量均显著高于CK（p < 0.01）,其中,以土壤有效养分的增加幅度最大,而对全磷的影响并不显著（p > 0.05）;（3）BOF处理下蓝莓根区土壤酸性磷酸酶活性、脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性均显著高于CK（p < 0.01）;（4）BOF处理下蓝莓根区土壤微生物量碳（MBC）、微生物量氮（MBN）含量均显著高于CK（p < 0.01）,土壤微生物量碳和氮较养分的变化更为敏感,能有效评价生物有机肥的改良效果;（5）BOF处理下蓝莓根区土壤微生物周转速率加快,周期缩短,转移量增加,土壤微生物活性增强,有利于土壤养分的循环和保持。综合比较来看,生物有机肥可有效促进蓝莓根区土壤养分的吸收和营养代谢协调均衡,确保蓝莓的高产优质。 相似文献
8.
基于信息熵原理的土壤pH影响因素空间相关性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
土壤酸碱度是土壤重要的基本性质之一,它受特定的生物气候条件、地形、母质来源以及人为活动的影响.本文选取发育于不同母质和不同地形部位,且土地利用方式多样的丘陵区土壤,进行高密度土壤剖面样品的采集,分析获取表层和底层土壤pH数据.基于信息熵原理对土壤pH与母质、地形和土地利用方式之间的空间相关性进行定量分析,结果表明表层土壤pH主要受土地利用方式的控制,耕作土壤pH值明显小于自然土壤;而底层土壤pH主要受母质的影响,不同母质上发育的土壤pH值从高到低依次排列为紫红色砂页岩风化物、下蜀黄土和砂岩风化物.本文的研究特色是应用联合信息熵算法,在定性变量和定量变量之间进行定量的空间相关性分析,这点克服了以前定性变量和定量变量之间相关关系研究的不足. 相似文献
9.
土壤主要理化性质对湘粤污染农田镉稳定效果的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用盆栽试验研究了稳定剂(石灰、海泡石联合施用)对湖南、广东两省区不同性质土壤上生长的小青菜(Brassica chinensis L.)生物量、重金属吸收以及土壤pH和重金属提取态含量的影响,探讨了影响镉(Cd)稳定修复效果的土壤性质参数。结果表明:施加稳定剂对增加酸性土壤上小青菜生物量效果显著,土壤pH、有机质(OM)、全量Cd和黏粒是影响小青菜生物量变化的主要因素;土壤pH、阳离子交换量(CEC)、OM、黏粒是影响小青菜Cd含量变化的主要因素;土壤pH、CEC、全量Cd和黏粒是影响土壤提取态Cd含量变化的主要因素。 相似文献
10.
根际是受根系影响而在物理、化学和生物学性质等方面均不同于土体的极小部分土壤区域.研究表明:植物生长过程中,由于根系的代谢作用而向根外排泄H 或HCO3-,使根际土壤pH发生较大变化.而根际土壤的pH直接影响到土壤养分的活性和生物有效性.故不同植物根际土壤的pH状况可反映出它们对土壤氮、磷、钾养分吸收利用能力的相对大小. 相似文献
11.
Nobuhiko Fueki Masayuki Tani Shuji Higashida Satoshi Nakatsu 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):321-331
The present study was carried out to analyze the factors that affected the growth of sugar beet in four different soil types by using concrete-framed plots as follows: soil acidity (soil pH, exchange acidity y 1) and nitrification of fertilizer introduced by row application. Comparison of the value of the exchange acidity y 1 of the four soil types with the pH value adjusted to the same level (pH 5.1) revealed that the Humic Gray Upland soil displayed the highest y 1 value (y 1: 18.0), followed by the Humic Volcanogenous Regosol (y 1: 6.9), Haplic Brown Lowland soil (y 1: 5.3), and Low-humic Andosol (y 1: 2.2). Al release to the soil solution was considered to occur at soil pH values of 4.8 and lower except in the Low-humic Andosol. Al concentration in the soil solution of the Low-humic Andosol was substantially lower than that of the other soils. On the other hand, the soil pH value decreased temporarily by nitrification of the fertilizer introduced by row application, especially in the Humic Gray Upland soil. In this case, the soil pH value became lower than 4.8 for a time. At this pH level, Al release to the soil solution was assumed to occur. As described above, the soils displayed different properties in terms of soil acidity. In the four soils, although the growth of sugar beet was significantly related to both soil pH and exchange acidity y 1 values before sowing, these relations were not strictly valid. On the other hand, the linear correlation coefficients of the relationships between the growth of sugar beet (leaf length) and NO3-N content in rows were higher than those of the soil pH and exchange acidity y 1. No appreciable variation associated with the differences in the soil types was observed in this relation. Furthermore, the values of both soil pH and exchange acidity y 1 were closely related to the NO3-N content in rows and the relationship between the NO3-N content and y 1 value appeared to be somewhat closer than that with the soil pH. These closer relations had two important implications. Firstly, NO3-N content reflected the nitrogen nutrient conditions. NO3-N promoted the growth of sugar beet directly. Secondly, the NO3-N content was affected by the soil acidity, which is expressed by the value of the exchange acidity y 1. Low NO3-N content indicated indirectly the toxicity of soil acidity to sugar beet growth. It was thus suggested that in the present study, nitrification of the fertilizer expressed by the NO3-N content was a beneficial factor for the growth of sugar beet regardless of the soil types. Finally, to promote the nitrification of fertilizer and to minimize the Al toxicity enhanced by the decrease of the soil pH associated with nitrification, it is important to avoid low values for the soil pH. 相似文献
12.
土壤微生物对除草剂乙草胺污染的响应和指示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用除草剂乙草胺作为土壤污染因子, 在人工可控制条件下, 研究乙草胺对土壤微生物细菌、真菌和放线菌数量及土壤微生物量碳的影响, 并探讨这些微生物学指标对土壤中乙草胺污染状况的指示.研究结果表明: 在整个试验过程中, 除草剂乙草胺在短时间内对微生物区系能产生明显抑制作用, 但随着时间增加和污染物的分解, 微生物数量逐渐得到恢复.在短时间抑制过程中, 细菌、放线菌数量以及微生物量碳与乙草胺浓度的对数之间有很好的剂量效应关系, 第7 d细菌数量与乙草胺浓度对数的拟合公式为y = -2.97x + 12.36, R2 = 0.999 3; 放线菌数量与乙草胺浓度对数的拟合公式为y = -2.13x + 6.67, R2 = 0.956 4; 微生物量碳在第14 d与乙草胺浓度对数的拟合公式为y = -89.25x + 348.90, R2 = 0.995 4; 其相关性都达到显著水平.而真菌在受到乙草胺污染后, 受抑制现象并不明显, 真菌对乙草胺有较强的抗性.总之在短期污染条件下, 土壤中的细菌、放线菌数量以及微生物量碳可以很好地指示土壤中乙草胺的污染状况. 相似文献
13.
研究了镍在６种不同性质土壤中活性的动力学。结果表明,土壤活性镍随时间变化的规律可用双常数速率方程很好地加以描述。参数ｋ反映了变化过程的速率,即ｋ值愈大者,其变化的速率愈小。 相似文献
14.
H. H. Reber 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1989,7(2):152-157
Summary Inconsistent results were obtained from comparative studies on the impact of increasing Cd contamination in three soils on growth of spring-wheat plantlets and soil respiration. With identical soil Cd loads, plant growth was increasingly inhibited in the following sequence: Neutral sandy hortisol (pH 7.0) < phaeosem (pH 6.9) < acidic cambisol (pH 5.6), suggesting a strong dependence on pH. In contrast, oxidation of a glucose-glutamate mixture by these soils was increasingly inhibited in the sequence: Acidic cambisol < neutral sandy hortisol < phaeosem. Inhibition of plant growth was correlated with the extractability of Cd from soils by 0.1 M CaCl2. However, comparison of dose-response curves with dose-extractability and dose-uptake curves suggested the presence of a soil factor that modified plant uptake of available Cd. This factor, possibly the concentration of antagonistic cations, was apparently also active within the plants. The inconsistency in the responses of plant growth and of soil respiration with respect to the soil Cd load was ascribed to microbiological soil properties exceeding the importance of Cd availability. Relatively high in vitro sensitivity of prokaryotes and their biochemical interdependence together with relatively high diversities of streptomycetes and fungi were paralleled by a relatively strong inhibition of soil respiration. 相似文献
15.
R. Velmurugan P. P. Mahendran S. P. Wani K. Uttam M. Prabhavathi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):229-236
Abstract The decay of rice residue was investigated after incubation periods of from 1 to 24 months at 30°C under both flooded and upland soil conditions. Tops and roots of rice plants were cut into about 10-mm length, and separately incorporated in soil which had been passed through a 0.5-mm sieve. Plant debris were fractionated physically according to their sizes and divided into five groups (>4 mm, 4-2 mm, 2-1 mm, 1-0.5 mm, and 0.5-0.25 mm). Carbon loss from the soils amended with rice residues and decrease in the weight of total plant debris proceeded at a rapid speed in the early periods (around 4 months) and then at a slow speed in the subsequent periods under both flooded and uplana soil conditions. The distribution of the plant debris in the decomposition processes differed under flooded and upland conditions. Under flooded conditions, 2–4 mm-sized plant debris were retained for a long period with slow transformation into the smaller fractions. In contrast, under upland conditions, change of plant debris from large to small size fractions proceeded gradually. This continuous change could be attributed to the high decomposing activities of fungi under upland conditions. 相似文献
16.
During cultivation of legumes soil is acidified due to proton release from roots. As a consequence of proton release, plants accumulate organic anions which may, if returned and decomposed in the soil, neutralize the soil acids. Until now the detailed processes responsible for the change in soil pH after incorporation of plant material have not been completely understood. Using a pot experiment we studied the changes in acid and base in soil during growth of field beans (Vicia faba L. cv. Alfred) and after incorporation of the plant material into the soil. Soil pH was significantly decreased by field beans from 6.00 to 5.64 in a cultivation period of 45 days. Proton release amounted to 32.7 mmol H+ pot-1, which was approximately equivalent to the accumulated alkalinity in the plant shoots (34.4 mmol). Return of field bean shoots caused a significant soil pH increase from 5.64 to 6.29. Within 7 days more than 90% of the added alkalinity was released. After 307 days incubation, soil pH decreased to 5.86 due to nitrification. In a second experiment, maize leaves (Zea mays L.), containing various concentrations of nitrogen and at various alkalinities, were incorporated into the soil. Soil pH change was positively correlated to alkalinity and malate concentration and negatively correlated to total nitrogen and water-soluble organic nitrogen of incorporated leaves. It is concluded that the soil acidification caused by legume cultivation can be partly compensated for if crop residues are returned to the soil. Addition of plant material may initially cause an increase in soil pH due to decomposition of organic anions and organic nitrogen. Soil pH may decrease if nitrification is involved. The concentrations of nitrogen and alkalinity of added plant material are decisive factors controlling soil pH change after incorporation of plant material.Dedicted to Professor J.C.G. Ottow on the occasion of his 60th birthday 相似文献
17.
湘西典型植烟土壤酸碱缓冲特性及影响因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为探明山地植烟土壤酸碱缓冲特性,采集了湘西山区烤烟典型生产区的28个土壤样本,采用酸碱滴定法和灰色关联法分析了湘西山地植烟土壤酸碱缓冲特性以及土壤缓冲容量与各影响因素之间的量化关系。结果表明：湘西山地植烟土壤酸碱缓冲量为11.35~43.29 mmol·kg-1,平均为17.26 mmol·kg-1,黄棕壤的酸碱缓冲量（11.35~43.29 mmol·kg-1）显著高于黄壤（11.79~20.70 mmol·kg-1）。有78.57%的样本对酸碱敏感,黄壤土是否对酸敏感由有机质含量决定,黄棕壤土是否对酸敏感与pH和有机质含量密切相关。对于同一土壤类型,有机质和黏粒含量与酸碱缓冲容量显著正相关;对于黄棕壤,酸碱缓冲容量还与pH和阳离子交换量呈显著正相关,与交换性酸和交换性铝呈显著负相关。主要土壤类型之间缓冲性能存在较大差异,黄壤土酸碱缓冲性能主要受土壤有机质、阳离子交换量和黏粒含量的影响;黄棕壤土酸碱缓冲性能主要受pH、阳离子交换量和有机质的影响。在生产中应采用合理施用化肥、增施有机肥、调节土壤酸性等措施提高植烟土壤酸碱缓冲性能,为优质烟叶生产创造良好的生态环境。 相似文献
18.
Permissible erosion rate also known as soil loss tolerance (‘T’ value) is defined as maximum erosion that can take place on a given soil without degrading its long‐term productivity. In India, default ‘T’ value of 11·2 Mg ha−1 y−1 is used for devising land restoration strategies for different types of soils. However, ability of soil to resist degradation varies with soil type, depth and physico‐chemical characteristics. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to determine ‘T’ value of different landforms of Delhi State by taking into account the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (SHC), bulk density (BD), organic carbon, erodibility and soil pH. Soil state was defined by a quantitative model and scaling functions were used to convert soil parameters to a 0–1 scale. The normalised values were multiplied by appropriate weighting factors based on relative importance and sensitivity analysis of each indicator. Categorical rankings of I, II or III were assigned to soil groups based on overall aggregate score. ‘T’ value of different landforms of Delhi State was computed using the guideline of USDA‐Natural Resource Conservation Services. Majority of landforms of Delhi had ‘T’ value of 12·5 Mg ha−1 y−1, except for the soils of hill terrain, dissected hill, pediment and piedmont plain, where ‘T’ value ranged from 5 to 10 Mg ha−1 y−1. These ‘T’ values could be used for conservation planning and will help the planners in devising suitable land restoration strategies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(6):675-686
Abstract The lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) is an important commercial crop of the Lac‐Saint‐Jean area (Quebec, Canada). The major blueberry fields are located on sandy soils relatively poor in available mineral nutrients. The nutrients originate from a thin organic layer found on the top of these sandy soils. The leaf mineral contents (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and B) were measured in five blueberry fields during 1984 and 1985. Soil pH and soil available P, K, and Mg were also assessed. The results show that the leaf mineral contents are generally adequate. However, K and Zn might be occasionally deficient when compared to the actual established standards. The available Mg in soil was significantly correlated with the leaf Mg concentration. The data also suggest that the increase of the pH following the burn pruning seems to influence the nutrition of this species. 相似文献
20.
An experiment evaluating three fertilizer types (granular, liquid, and controlled released fertilizer) with nitrate ranging from 0% to 44% was conducted over two seasons on southern highbush blueberry ‘Star’ at the University of Georgia’s blueberry farm in Alapaha, GA. The objective was to identify the effect on fruit quality, plant growth, and plant tissue nitrogen status. This work demonstrated that the applications of fertilizer had similar effects on fruit quality and growth for ‘Star’ grown in sandy organic soils. In addition, fertilizers with 36.5% or 44% nitrate did not appear to have significant accumulation of nitrate in the leaves. Soil analysis revealed that none of the fertilized soils significantly increased cation exchange capacity; however, soil pH increased in soils with 36.5% and 44% nitrate applications. This suggests these nitrate levels will require continued soil monitoring and possible soil acidification to maintain appropriate soil pH for blueberry production (4.0–5.5 pH). 相似文献