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1.
王猛  王凯  刘峰  慕卫 《植物保护学报》2014,41(3):360-366
为比较溴氰虫酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺对甜菜夜蛾、玉米螟和小地老虎的作用差异,采用浸卵法、浸叶法、饲喂毒营养液法等测定了溴氰虫酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺对3种害虫的卵、3龄幼虫和成虫的毒力,以及对其3龄幼虫的拒食活性。结果表明,溴氰虫酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺均无杀卵作用,但能降低初孵幼虫存活率。溴氰虫酰胺对甜菜夜蛾、玉米螟和小地老虎3龄幼虫的LC50值分别为0.11、0.05和0.13 mg/L,相对毒力分别是氯虫苯甲酰胺的2.8、2.7和5.1倍。溴氰虫酰胺对3种害虫成虫的LC50值分别为0.11、0.09和0.22 mg/L,相对毒力分别是氯虫苯甲酰胺的3.9、3.8和2.7倍。溴氰虫酰胺在亚致死浓度0.10、0.05和0.14 mg/L的剂量下分别对甜菜夜蛾、玉米螟和小地老虎3龄幼虫表现出较强的拒食作用,处理48 h后达到最高,拒食率分别为85.58%、81.91%和86.11%。药剂处理试虫虫体皱缩,体节缩短,体重增加率明显低于对照处理。表明溴氰虫酰胺对3种鳞翅目害虫的毒力作用比氯虫苯甲酰胺好,可作为氯虫苯甲酰胺的替代药品。  相似文献   

2.
氯虫苯甲酰胺对小菜蛾鱼尼丁受体基因mRNA表达量的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
采用实时荧光定量PCR研究比较了氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和溴虫腈对小菜蛾鱼尼丁受体基因mRNA表达量的影响,研究分析了低剂量氯虫苯甲酰胺连续处理和间断处理对小菜蛾鱼尼丁受体基因表达量的影响,以及对氯虫苯甲酰胺产生抗性的小菜蛾与敏感小菜蛾鱼尼丁受体基因表达量的差异。结果表明:氯虫苯甲酰胺可提高小菜蛾鱼尼丁受体基因表达量,而甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和溴虫腈对其表达量均无影响;0.05和0.01 mg/L的氯虫苯甲酰胺均可使小菜蛾鱼尼丁受体基因表达量增加;对氯虫苯甲酰胺产生抗性的小菜蛾鱼尼丁受体基因表达量是敏感小菜蛾的5.79倍。研究结果有助于阐明氯虫苯甲酰胺的作用机理,并可能为筛选作用于鱼尼丁受体的新化合物提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
为明确7种双酰胺类杀虫剂(IRAC 28组：氯虫苯甲酰胺、硫虫酰胺、溴氰虫酰胺、四唑虫酰胺、四氯虫酰胺，IRAC 30组：溴虫氟苯双酰胺、异噁唑虫酰胺)对鳞翅目害虫的活性和田间药效，采用浸叶法，分别测定了7种药剂对小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、棉铃虫和二化螟的室内活性，并进行了防治小菜蛾和甜菜夜蛾的田间小区药效试验。室内测定表明：异噁唑虫酰胺对小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾和二化螟的活性均最高，LC50值分别为0.0040、0.0521和0.0078 mg/L，其次是溴虫氟苯双酰胺，LC50值分别为0.0198、0.0584和0.0339 mg/L；其他5种药剂对小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾和二化螟的LC50值范围分别为0.0212～0.1378 mg/L、0.2577～0.8080 mg/L和0.2886～1.2277 mg/L。硫虫酰胺对棉铃虫的活性最高，LC50值为0.0218 mg/L，显著高于其他6种杀虫剂(LC50值为0.0694～0.2747 mg/L)。田间试验表明：药后7 d,IRAC 30组杀虫剂在有效成分30 g/...  相似文献   

4.
采用模拟方法研究了稻田3种常用除草剂丁草胺、苄嘧磺隆、2甲4氯钠残留水体对大薸生长的影响。结果显示:(1)3种除草剂水体残留对大薸植株形态影响以苄嘧磺隆处理最为明显,残留浓度大于0.01 mg/L可导致大薸植株大量死亡。4.25 mg/L的丁草胺和3.36 mg/L的2甲4氯钠残留对大薸的生长均有一定的抑制作用,但短期内不能致死。当水体除草剂残留降低至田间常规管理施用浓度的1/8时,即丁草胺0.53 mg/L、苄嘧磺隆0.01 mg/L、2甲4氯钠0.42 mg/L,大薸植株形态的药害影响已经明显减轻。(2)苄嘧磺隆水体残留大于0.01 mg/L时大薸干物质产量显著降低,分株生长受到严重抑制。丁草胺残留浓度为0.53 mg/L时促进大薸干物质积累和分株生长,当残留浓度大于1.06 mg/L时大薸干物质积累和分株生长受到抑制。2甲4氯钠残留浓度低于3.36 mg/L对大薸的干物质产量、分株数及植株含水率影响一般。  相似文献   

5.
由茄科劳尔氏菌Ralstonia solanacearum引起的烟草青枯病是烟叶生产上的重要病害之一，严重影响烟叶的产量和品质。为筛选高效防治烟草青枯病的药剂，本研究采用平板菌落计数法测定了中生菌素、土霉素、噻霉酮、春雷霉素和氯溴异氰尿酸对茄科劳尔氏菌的抑制活性，并通过Biolog GEN Ⅲ微平板法分析了上述5种药剂胁迫下茄科劳尔氏菌的碳代谢情况和对化学物质的敏感性差异。结果表明：5种药剂均能抑制茄科劳尔氏菌的生长，抑制活性从强到弱依次为中生菌素>土霉素>噻霉酮>春雷霉素>氯溴异氰尿酸，对应的EC50值分别为0.24、0.74、2.84、7.95和273.99 mg/L。Biolog GEN Ⅲ碳代谢测定结果显示：茄科劳尔氏菌能利用Biolog GEN Ⅲ微平板中糖类及氨基酸类等71种碳源，但在药剂胁迫下，该菌对碳源的代谢受到了不同程度的抑制，其中抑制程度最显著的是氨基酸、己糖酸、羧酸、酯和脂肪酸类碳水化合物；随着5种药剂质量浓度增加，在6 mg/L中生菌素、8 mg/L土霉素、30 mg/L春雷霉素和5738 mg/L氯溴异氰尿酸胁迫下，茄科劳尔氏菌对Bio...  相似文献   

6.
采用5%阿维菌素EC 330mg/kg、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EC 500mg/kg、40%辛硫磷EC 1 250mg/kg、80%敌百虫SL1 250mg/kg、80%敌敌畏EC 1 000mg/kg、40%毒死蜱EC 500mg/kg共6种药剂处理对莲雾铜绿金龟子进行田间药效试验,结果表明:2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EC、40%辛硫磷EC、80%敌百虫SL、80%敌敌畏EC、40%毒死蜱EC速效性较好,施药后1d防治效果达92%以上,5%阿维菌素EC稍差,防治效果只有86.78%;施药后7d,6种药剂处理防治效果均达94%以上。上述药剂在生产应用上可轮换或混配用于防治铜绿金龟子。  相似文献   

7.
溴虫腈在不同溶剂中的光化学降解   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  
研究了高压汞灯光源下溴虫腈在不同溶剂中的光化学降解特性及其影响因素。在室内模拟条件下,初始质量浓度为2 mg/L的溴虫腈在纯水中的光解半衰期为25.86 min,在1~10 mg/L范围内,其光解速率随初始浓度的增大而降低;溴虫腈在pH值为5、7和9的缓冲溶液中的光解半衰期分别为42.52、24.49和32.39 min,即其在中性条件下光解最快;不同形态含氮离子(NO2-、NO3-、NH4+)对溴虫腈的光解均表现为抑制作用,且在离子质量浓度＜20 mg/L时,NO3-、NO2-的抑制作用较强,≥20 mg/L时则NH4+的抑制作用较强;溴虫腈在不同有机溶剂中的光解速率从大到小依次为:正己烷>甲醇>乙酸乙酯>丙酮,其光解速率与有机溶剂的极性大小无关。研究结果可为溴虫腈的环境风险评价提供参考。  相似文献   

8.
为了筛选对梨瘿蚊幼虫具有高毒性并对天敌异色瓢虫安全的杀虫剂,采用浸渍法测定了7种杀虫剂对梨瘿蚊幼虫的毒力;采用滤纸接触法测定了7种杀虫剂对天敌异色瓢虫1龄幼虫和成虫的毒力,并评价这些药剂对异色瓢虫的安全性。结果表明,药剂处理48 h后对梨瘿蚊幼虫毒力从大到小依次为2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EW(5.540 mg/L)＞5%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC(10.015 mg/L)＞60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC(33.224 mg/L)＞2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME(214.644 mg/L)＞45%毒死蜱EC(231.876 mg/L)＞150 g/L茚虫威EC(401.490 mg/L)＞10%虫螨腈SC(404.147 mg/L)。药剂处理24 h后,7种杀虫剂对天敌异色瓢虫1龄幼虫和成虫的毒力测定结果基本一致,60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC毒力最低,2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊EW和45%毒死蜱EC的毒力均高于其他4种杀虫剂。结合益害毒性比和安全系数,5%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC和60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC对梨瘿蚊毒力高而对异色瓢虫毒力低,适合应用于梨瘿蚊的化学防治和生物防治相结合的防治策略。  相似文献   

9.
三种双酰胺类杀虫剂制剂对环境非靶标生物的急性毒性   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
采用"OECD化学品测试准则"和"化学农药环境安全评价试验准则"方法,以赤子爱胜蚓、非洲爪蟾、斜生栅藻、大型溞、斑马鱼,意大利蜜蜂以及家蚕为受试生物,测定了20%氟虫双酰胺水分散粒剂、200g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂和200g/L溴氰虫酰胺悬浮剂3种双酰胺类杀虫剂对环境非靶标生物的急性毒性。结果表明:氟虫双酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、溴氰虫酰胺3种药剂对赤子爱胜蚓、非洲爪蟾、斜生栅藻和斑马鱼的急性毒性均为低毒,但对大型溞的48 h-EC_(50)值分别为1.51×10~(-2)、2.58×10~(-3)、7.63×10~(-2)mg/L,对家蚕的96h-LC_(50)值分别为6.11×10~(-2)、0.12和0.30 mg/L,均为剧毒;氟虫双酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺对意大利蜜蜂为低毒,但溴氰虫酰胺对其的48h经口LC_(50)值和接触LD_(50)值分别为2.90 mg/L和3.71×10~(-2)μg/bee,均为高毒。研究表明,虽然双酰胺类杀虫剂对多数非靶标生物毒性较低,但在水体环境和桑蚕区以及作物开花期仍需谨慎使用。  相似文献   

10.
新疆扁吻鱼养殖群体的形态特征和同工酶研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
描述了扁吻鱼形态特征和可量性状,求得其体长与体重、体长与体高关系分别为BW=0.011 4BL3.005",BD=0.1801BL-0.0591,相关系数分别为0.9819,0.8926.采用水平凝胶电泳技术对新疆扁吻鱼养殖群体进行了同工酶分析,筛选了7种酶,共检测到21个基因位点.其中,IDHP位点为多态,其他均为单态.多态位点比例为0.0476,实际观测杂合度为H0=0.0152,预期杂合度为He=0.0095;平均有效等位基因数目为Ae=1.0224.  相似文献   

11.
对江苏地区斑点叉尾鮰主要养殖区域环境的水、底泥及鱼体内的18种多氯联苯 (PCBs,7种环境指示类、12种类二齅英类) 及4种重金属 (Pb、As、Cd、Hg) 的污染状况进行了系统调查,并进行了生态与健康风险评估。结果表明:PCB28、PCB52和PCB114在环境与鱼体组织中均有较高的检出频率,但不同养殖区域PCBs的污染组成不同,表明污染来源有所不同;底泥中PCBs的含量为178.4~457.2 pg/g,远高于水体中的0.2~11.9 ng/L;PCBs在鱼肉中富集量较高,为1.28~267.96 pg/g,与该鱼种皮肉中较高的脂肪含量相关,而在肝脏和肠胃中的含量较低,分别为0.64~95.46 pg/g和1.20~45.94 pg/g。重金属在底泥中的含量最高,水体中较低;在鱼体内的平均含量依次为Pb>As>Cd>Hg,鱼体各组织中重金属总含量依次为肝脏>肠胃>肉。鱼肉中二齅英类多氯联苯 (DL-PCBs) 的总毒性当量 (TEQ) 浓度为1.9 pg/g,低于欧盟规定的最大残留限量 (MRL) 值6.5 pg/g。利用美国环境保护署 (EPA) 的目标风险商 (THQ) 和风险系数 (R) 模型,通过比较每日摄入量和每日允许摄入量,对江苏地区斑点叉尾鮰的食用安全性进行了评估,结果表明:江苏省鮰鱼养殖体系中PCBs及4种重金属的致癌风险均为可接受。  相似文献   

12.
Mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Pallas) from Rybinsk reservoir were studied using air-drying techniques. It was established that the diploid set contains 20 metacentric chromosomes. The chromosomes are large--their mean absolute length ranges from 3.00 to 12.90 microns. The last pair of small homologues comprises only 3.4% of the total length of the complement. One specimen of C. laticeps with 2n = 21 (trisomic after the last pair of chromosomes) and one triploid specimen with 3n = 31 is described. Data on the comparative karyology of caryophyllids are discussed.  相似文献   

13.
Archived blood smears from 32 of 113 fishes in 18 families and 12 orders, trawled from deep North Atlantic waters off the Cape Verde Islands in 1999 and over the Porcupine Seabight in 2001 were found to harbour haematozoans. These included four species of haemogregarines (Adeleorina, Haemogregarinidae) and a species of trypanosome (Trypanosomatina, Trypanosomatidae) located in Porcupine Seabight fishes. Also present were Haemohormidium-like structures of uncertain status found in samples from this location and from the Cape Verde Islands. Although material was limited, two of the haemogregarines were provisionally named Desseria harriottae sp. n. from Harriotta raleighana Goode et Bean (Chimaeriformes, Rhinochimaeridae), and Haemogregarina bathysauri sp. n. from Bathysaurus ferox Günther (Aulopiformes, Bathysauridae). The two remaining haemogregarines were identified as Desseria marshalllairdi (Khan, Threlfall et Whitty, 1992) from Halosauropsis macrochir (Günther) (Notacanthiformes, Halosauridae), and Haemogregarina michaeljohnstoni (Davies et Merrett, 2000) from Cataetyx laticeps Koefoed (Ophidiformes, Bythitidae). The name H. michaeljohnstoni was proposed to replace Haemogregarinajohnstoni Davies et Merrett, 2000 from C. laticeps and to avoid confusion with Hepatozoon johnstoni (Mackerras, 1961) Smith, 1996 from varanid lizards, originally named Haemogregarina johnstoni Mackerras, 1961. The trypanosome formed a mixed parasitaemia with D. harriottae in H. raleighana and was provisionally named Trypanosoma harriottae sp. n. No blood parasites had been described previously from cartilaginous fishes of the Holocephali, making the finds in H. raleighana unique. Haemohormidium-like structures were located in erythrocytes in one fish, Coryphaenoides armatus (Hector), among the Cape Verde Islands samples and in 12 species of fishes from the Porcupine Seabight; all these hosts were bony fishes. Finally, the haemogregarine species listed in the genus Desseria Siddall, 1995 were reassessed. Of the original list of 41 species, 30 were retained and 5 species added, including D. harriottae, so that the genus now contains 35 species.  相似文献   

14.
The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of terbutryn to early developmental stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Based on accumulated mortality in the experimental groups, lethal concentrations of terbutryn were estimated at 36 day LC50 = 3.06 mg l−1 terbutryn. Based on inhibition of growth in the experimental groups, lowest observed-effect concentration (LOEC) = 0.005 mg l−1 terbutryn; and no observed-effect concentration (NOEC) = 0.0007 mg l−1 terbutryn. Fulton’s condition factors were significantly lower in fish exposed to 2 mg l−1 compared with controls. By day 30, fish exposed to 0.00002 mg l−1 - real environmental concentration in Czech rivers - 0.02, 0.2, and 2 mg l−1 terbutryn showed significantly lower mass and total length compared with controls. No significant negative effects on hatching or embryo viability were demonstrated at the concentrations tested, but significant differences in early ontogeny among groups were noted. Fish from the two highest tested concentrations (0.2 and 2 mg l−1) showed a dose-related delay in development compared with the controls. At concentrations of 0.02, 0.2, and 2 mg l−1 damage to caudal kidney tubules when compared to control fish was found.  相似文献   

15.
采用盆栽实验,设置3种盐分类型（NaCl,Na2SO4以及两者等摩尔比例混合盐）和6个浓度梯度〔0（CK）,50,100,200,300,500 mmol/L）〕,探讨了白梭梭（Haloxylon persicum Bunge ex Boiss. et Buhse）幼苗生长以及不同生长期地上地下生物量分配,对不同盐分类型及浓度的响应。结果发现：① 不同盐分类型和浓度处理下,白梭梭幼苗同化枝直径和分叉数具有明显差异,幼苗株高、基径和同化枝枝长随盐分浓度增大而减小,适度盐分浓度（300 mmol/L）促进主根生长,高盐分浓度（500 mmol/L）则具有显著抑制作用。② 随处理时间和盐分浓度的增加,白梭梭幼苗生物量积累受到的抑制不断增大,与对照相比,处理后期（第75 d）500 mmol/L浓度的NaCl,Na2SO4和混合盐处理下,白梭梭幼苗总生物量分别降低77%,87%和78%,地上生物量分别降低78%,87%和74%,地下生物量分别降低75%,81%和76%。③ 随时间的延长,白梭梭幼苗根冠比在各盐分处理下均呈增大趋势,但随盐浓度增加,根冠比变化趋势随盐分类型和处理时间的不同而有所区别。④ 白梭梭幼苗地上-地下生物量存在明显异速生长关系,且盐分处理未显著改变异速生长指数,均表现为地下生物量累积速率大于地上生物量。研究结果表明,在盐分胁迫下,白梭梭幼苗地上地下生物量分配对Na2SO4作出的响应要先于NaCl和混合盐,随处理时间的延长,对3种盐分类型作出的响应趋于一致,即将更多的生物量分配给地下根系,以缓解盐分过多造成的水分短缺等影响,维持植物的存活,符合最优分配理论。  相似文献   

16.
The effect of trifluralin on the growth, oxygen uptake, and adenosine phosphates level of carrot (Daucus carota L.) callus tissue was determined over a period of 18 days after subculture. The herbicide (10?4 and 10?5M) reduced fresh weight gain significantly; the reduction was less with lower trifluralin concentrations. Dry weight accumulation was not inhibited until after Day 6 of the test period and thereafter was reduced by all concentrations tested. Oxygen consumption was inhibited by trifluralin (10?4 and 10?5M) throughout the test period. Concentrations of 10?6.10?7, and 10?8M produced variable effects. The response profile of O2 consumption in the presence of dinitrophenol was different from that of trifluralin. Analysis of adenosine phosphates level gave no clear response trend. Energy charge values of 0.7 to 0.85 were obtained for untreated tissue. Trifluralin had no effect on energy charge until Day 9 (10?4M) and after Day 15 (all concentrations).  相似文献   

17.
Hotan Prefecture is located at the southwestern edge of Taklimakan Desert, the world's largest shifting sand desert, of China. The desert is one of the main sources for frequent sand-dust weather events which strongly affect the air quality of Hotan Prefecture. Although this region is characterized by the highest annual mean PM_(10) concentration values that are routinely recorded by environmental monitoring stations across China, both this phenomenon and its underlying causes have not been adequately addressed in previous researches. Reliable pollutant PM_(10) data are currently retrieved using a tapered element oscillating microbalance(TEOM) 1400 a, a direct real-time monitor, while additional concentration values including for PM_(2.5), sulfur dioxide(SO_2), nitrogen dioxide(NO_2), carbon monoxide(CO) and ozone(O_3) have been collected in recent years by the Hotan Environmental Monitoring Station. Based on these data, this paper presents a comparison of the influences of different kinds of sand-dust weather events on PM10(or PM_(2.5)) as well as the concentrations of other gaseous pollutants in Hotan Prefecture. It is revealed that the highest monthly average PM10 concentrations are observed in the spring because of the frequent occurrence of three distinct kinds of sand-dust weather events at this time, including dust storms, blowing dust and floating dust. The floating dust makes the most significant contribution to PM_(10)(or PM_(2.5)) concentration in this region, a result that differs from eastern Chinese cities where the heaviest PM_(10) pollution occurs usually in winter and air pollution results from the excess emission of local anthropogenic pollutants. It is also shown that PM_(10) concentration varies within typical dust storms. PM_(10) concentrations vary among 20 dust storm events within Hotan Prefecture, and the hourly mean concentrations tend to sharply increase initially then slowly decreasing over time. Data collected from cities in eastern China show the opposite with the hourly mean PM_(10)(or PM_(2.5)) concentration tending to slowly increase then sharply decrease during heavy air pollution due to the excess emission of local anthropogenic pollutants. It is also found that the concentration of gaseous pollutants during sand-dust weather events tends to be lower than those cases under clear sky conditions. This indicates that these dust events effectively remove and rapidly diffuse gaseous pollutants. The analysis also shows that the concentration of SO_2 decreases gradually at the onset of all three kinds of sand-dust weather events because of rapidly increasing wind velocity and the development of favorable atmospheric conditions for diffusion. In contrast, changes in O_3 and NO_2 concentrations conformed to the opposite pattern during all three kinds of sand-dust weather events within this region, implying the inter transformation of these gas species during these events.  相似文献   

18.
Owing to increased tolerance and the development of resistance in stored product insects to the fumigant phosphine, in recent years there has been a shift in the target terminal concentration from 100 ppm (100 mL m(-3)) to a higher level of 1000 ppm to achieve 100% insect mortality in 7 day commodity treatments. Therefore, there is a need to investigate whether the revised target concentration could be achieved for food commodities fumigated with phosphine at the standard dose of 2 g m(-3) for 7 days under airtight conditions at > or = 25 degrees C. When different types of food commodity (total 74) were fumigated (300 g per replicate) with phosphine at 2 g m(-3) for 7 days, the terminal gas concentrations in the free space of the commodities varied from 0 to > 2000 ppm. In chambers containing no substrate, a 1417 ppm concentration was recorded. Paddy rice, most of the oilseeds, shelled tree nuts, butter beans, cardamom, green gram splits, coriander powder, rice bran and cocoa powder were more sorptive (> or =60%), such that the target concentration of 1000 ppm was not achieved at the end of 7 days. For these commodities, increased doses of 3-6 g m(-3) were required to attain 1000 ppm. In-shell almonds, green cardamom, in-shell peanuts, leaf tea, tamarind pulp and sunflower seeds were exceptionally sorptive (>90%), so that 0, 41, 112, 168, 203 and 217 ppm respectively were noted at the end of 7 days; the dose must exceed 6 g m(-3) for effective fumigation of these commodities.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate biochemical and morphological responses induced by carbaryl in the liver of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed during 21 days to sublethal concentrations (0.25 and 0.5 mg L−1), testing also recover for 14 days in clean water, after 14 days exposure. The activities of the following enzymes were measured: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Globally, our data showed that exposure to carbaryl decreased the SOD, CAT, GR, and GST activities, except for the SOD and GST activities after 14 days exposure to 0.25 mg L−1. In contrast, after 14 days exposure the GR activity of the hepatic tissue from carbaryl-treated fish showed significant elevation in relation to the control. When fish were left to recover, a positive response was seen in the GSH and GSSG contents. The results of the recovery group suggest that the toxicity produced by carbaryl is reversible to some extent within 15 days. The liver histological analysis showed differences between fish concerning the cellular vacuolization degree (VD) of the hepatocytes. In fish exposed to carbaryl it was observed an increasing hepatocellular basophilia. No other histological alterations were observed when fish was exposed to carbaryl, except a few necrotic foci at day 7. The sections stained with PAS reaction showed that the vacuolization was always not due to glycogen deposits, thus suggesting lipid accumulation. The combined increased basophilia and glycogen depletion is a common, although non-specific, liver response to many toxicants. In short, this work shows a relation between histological and biochemical changes in liver and carbaryl exposure. The effects of carbaryl were observed at different concentrations.  相似文献   

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