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1.
外源一氧化氮对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗光合作用和离子含量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在100.mmol/L.NaCl胁迫下,研究了外源一氧化氮供体硝普钠(SNP)处理对番茄幼苗光合作用和离子含量的影响。结果表明,外源一氧化氮能使在NaCl胁迫下的番茄幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm显著提高,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)明显下降;番茄幼苗根系、叶片中K+、Ca2+和Mg2+含量均显著提高,Na+含量明显降低。表明外源一氧化氮可以减轻盐胁迫对番茄幼苗叶片光合功能的不利影响,缓解NaCl胁迫对番茄幼苗的抑制作用。 相似文献
2.
外源精胺对NO_3~-胁迫下黄瓜幼苗抗氧化酶活性及光合作用的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用营养液培养方法,研究了添加不同浓度的精胺(Spm)对NO3-胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长、叶片抗氧化酶活性及光合作用的影响。结果表明,140 mmol/L NO3-胁迫下,外加1 mmol/L Spm,10 d后,黄瓜幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性显著增加,电解质渗漏率和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低;气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和净光合速率(Pn)显著升高,气孔限制值(Ls)显著降低。说明1 mmol/L Spm处理能增强黄瓜幼苗对活性氧的清除能力,降低膜脂过氧化程度;降低气孔关闭,改善叶片的气体交换,幼苗生长势增加,对高浓度NO3-胁迫的抗性增强。当Spm浓度高达1.5~2 mmol/L时,与1mmol/L Spm相比,SOD、POD、APX、CAT活性均开始降低,电解质渗漏率和MDA含量增加,Gs、Ci和Pn显著降低,黄瓜幼苗生长受到抑制。可见,外加一定浓度的Spm可通过提高抗氧化酶活性、降低膜脂过氧化程度及改善光合作用来缓解NO3-胁迫对黄瓜幼苗的影响。 相似文献
3.
以西葫芦品种阿兰一代为试验材料,研究外源Ca2+对NaCl胁迫下西葫芦植株生长特征及光合、生理特性的影响.结果表明,较低浓度(5 mmol/L)Ca2+处理对NaCl胁迫的缓解作用不明显;当Ca2+浓度增加到10 mmol/L时,显著改善了NaCl胁迫下西葫芦植株的生长状况,使株高增高、叶面积增大,该条件下,西葫芦叶片丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量维持在较低水平,说明植株受到的胁迫较小;10 mmol/LCa2+处理叶片的过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性最高,分别比CK增加20.6％和52.2％,叶绿素a、b含量较高;10～20 mmol/L Ca2+处理的光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均高于CK和30 mmol/L处理,而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)显著低于CK和30 mmol/L处理;当Ca2+处理浓度超过20 mmol/L时对NaCl胁迫的缓解作用下降;当Ca2+浓度达到30 mmol/L时,各指标与CK间的差异不显著.综合分析认为,10 mmol/L的Ca2+处理浓度对NaCl胁迫的缓解效果最为显著. 相似文献
4.
外源NO对酸枣幼苗抗盐性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
探讨外施NO减轻NaCl逆境对酸枣植株伤害的生理生态效应,旨在为深入认识NO增强植株的抗逆性及其在酸枣绿色栽培生产上的应用提供科学依据。采用营养液培养方法,设置对照(T1)、0.1mmol/L SNP(T2)、100mmol/L NaCl(T3)、0.1mmol/L SNP+100mmol/L NaCl(T4)4个处理组,研究外施NO对NaCl盐害下酸枣(Zizyphus jujuba Mill)多胺、谷胱甘肽抗氧化酶系统及叶绿素荧光特性的作用。结果表明:100mmol/L NaCl盐害处理抑制了酸枣植株的长势,施加NO明显缓解了NaCl逆境对酸枣植株生长的毒害,外源NO使腐胺(Put)、多胺(PAs)、精胺(Spm)、亚精胺(Spd)含量呈持续上升趋势,提高了叶片还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性及GSH/GSSG比值,而氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)总量略有下降,谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)的活性、抗坏血酸(ASA)的总量以及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性均上升。同时,NO处理亦显著增强了酸枣植株的PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学荧光猝灭系数(qP),而非光化学荧光猝灭系数(qN)出现下降。施用外源NO通过提高NaCl逆境下幼苗游离态多胺含量,同时增强抗氧化酶活性和非酶抗氧化物质含量,减少光抑制现象,保证摄入光能的合理利用,进而减轻NaCl逆境对酸枣幼苗生长的毒害,提高植株的耐盐性。 相似文献
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复合氨基酸肥料增效剂对NaCl胁迫下小白菜种子萌发和苗期生长的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
【目的】作物种子萌发期和苗期是对盐胁迫最为敏感的时期,盐分过高会严重影响作物种子萌发和幼苗生长。本研究以谷氨酸尾液为主要材料开发了复合氨基酸肥料增效剂(简称增效剂),并研究其在盐(NaCl)胁迫条件下对种子萌发、苗期生长和生理指标的影响,旨在为谷氨酸尾液在盐碱土地区的推广应用提供科学依据和理论指导。【方法】以小白菜种子和幼苗为供试材料,分别进行种子萌发试验和水培试验。1)种子萌发试验:采用标准发芽试验法,种子分别经0、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8 g/L增效剂浸种后,分别移至含0、25、50、75mmol/L NaCl溶液中萌发,测定发芽势、发芽率、胚根长和胚芽长。2)苗期水培试验:选取整齐一致的幼苗,缓苗后同时加入与萌发试验浓度一致的增效剂和NaCl溶液,在盐害明显后取样测定鲜重、SPAD值、根长、株高以及叶片过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-)产生速率、脯氨酸(Pro)含量等盐胁迫评价指标。【结果】在0~75 mmol/L NaCl范围内,NaCl浓度越高对小白菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用越强,一定浓度的增效剂可不同程度地缓解NaCl对种子萌发和幼苗的胁迫。1)在无盐胁迫下,低浓度增效剂对种子萌发具有轻微的抑制作用,而高浓度增效剂则会显著抑制种子萌发;在同一浓度NaCl胁迫下,随增效剂浓度的增加,小白菜种子发芽势、发芽率、胚根长和胚芽长均表现出先上升后下降的变化规律,增效剂浓度为0.2 g/L时效果最佳,而在0.4 g/L和0.8 g/L时则会抑制小白菜种子萌发。2)在无盐胁迫下,随增效剂浓度增加对小白菜生长表现出先促进后抑制的效果,以0.1 g/L用量效果最好;在同一浓度NaCl胁迫下,增效剂浓度为0.05 g/L时,提高了苗期小白菜鲜重、SPAD值,并促进了根伸长和茎伸展,同时提高叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性和Pro含量,并降低MDA含量和产生速率;之后随增效剂浓度的增加小白菜幼苗鲜重、SPAD值、根长和株高均表现出持续下降的趋势,而SOD、POD、CAT活性,Pro含量表现出先持平后下降的变化规律,产生速率和MDA含量则表现出先上升后平稳的趋势,增效剂浓度达到0.4 g/L和0.8 g/L时小白菜幼苗生长受到明显抑制。【结论】在无盐胁迫条件下,低浓度(≤0.2 g/L)复合氨基酸肥料增效剂可轻微抑制小白菜种子萌发,但在25~75 mmol/L NaCl胁迫条件下,则可明显促进种子萌发、提高种子发芽质量;而在相同盐胁迫条件下,低浓度复合氨基酸肥料增效剂可明显促进小白菜幼苗生长,提高叶片抗氧化酶活性、维持渗透调节物质Pro含量、增强光合作用等,以0.05 g/L效果最佳。 相似文献
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燕麦幼苗对氯化钠和氯化钾胁迫的生理响应差异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨燕麦对NaCl和KCl胁迫的生理响应差异,采用水培法,研究了不同浓度NaCl和KCl胁迫对幼苗生长,活性氧代谢和渗透调节的影响。结果表明:(1)在75和150mmol/L浓度下,NaCl胁迫对燕麦幼苗的膜脂过氧化伤害和生长抑制大于KCl胁迫。NaCl胁迫下叶片中的超氧化物岐化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量低于KCl胁迫;当浓度增大到225mmol/L时,KCl胁迫叶片中O-2.,H2O2,丙二醛(MDA),可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量显著大于NaCl胁迫,而SOD,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性及谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量则相反。(2)225mmol/L KCl和NaCl处理的植株叶片水势分别为-0.867和-1.034 MPa,渗透势分别为-1.409和-1.252 MPa,说明KCl对燕麦的更强伤害不是渗透胁迫所致;经225mmol/L KCl胁迫后,燕麦叶片中Na+含量下降至对照的36.5%,而K+含量上升为对照的1.49倍,而补充20mmol/L NaCl显著提高了225mmol/L KCl胁迫下叶片Na+的含量及SOD,APX活性,降低了K+,H2O2,O-2.和MDA含量,说明离子毒害引起的活性氧积累可能是高浓度KCl胁迫对燕麦幼苗伤害大于NaCl胁迫的重要原因。 相似文献
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沸石添加对NaCl胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长及离子含量的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
试验研究了沸石添加对NaCl胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长及离子含量的影响。结果表明,在相同的NaCl溶液浓度下,随沸石量的增加,幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶面积及干物重呈增加趋势;光合色素含量上升,蒸腾速率(E)、光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)增加而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)下降;超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和可溶性蛋白质含量(Pr)含量增加;K、Mg在根、茎、叶中的含量上升,Ca在茎叶中含量亦增加,Na在根、茎、叶中的含量明显下降。表明沸石可以在一定程度缓解NaCl胁迫对黄瓜幼苗造成的伤害。 相似文献
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樱桃番茄叶片气孔特征和气体交换过程对NaCl胁迫的响应 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为探讨樱桃番茄叶片气孔特征和气体交换过程对盐胁迫的响应机理,通过向营养液中添加NaCl盐,配制成0(对照)、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25 mol/L浓度的Na Cl营养液,在人工气候箱条件下对樱桃番茄幼苗进行为期21 d的光照培养。结果表明,不同浓度NaCl溶液对气孔长度、气孔周长、气孔宽度和气孔形状指数均产生显著影响(P0.05),但其最大值均小于对照。随着Na Cl浓度的增加净光合反应速率(Pn)呈明显下降趋势,且在重度Na Cl胁迫(0.25 mol/L)下Pn同其他盐浓度处理的差异均为显著水平(P0.05)。同时,樱桃番茄叶片的蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)和细胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)随NaCl浓度的增加而降低,且与对照存在显著差异(P0.05)。另外,NaCl胁迫导致樱桃番茄叶片水平的水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)降低,尤其是重度Na Cl胁迫(0.25 mol/L)的WUE比对照显著降低48%(P0.05)。此外,叶绿素含量随NaCl浓度增加先升高后降低。可见,NaCl胁迫条件下叶片通过调整单个气孔形态(气孔开度大小)和气孔分布特征(气孔密度和空间分布格局)优化气体交换效率,但其在重度盐胁迫下优化气体交换效率的能力却非常有限。研究结果可为樱桃番茄耐盐品种选育和盐碱地丰产增收提供依据。 相似文献
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等渗Ca(NO3)2和NaCl胁迫对番茄光合作用的影响 总被引：34，自引：3，他引：34
研究了番茄的光合作用对等渗Ca(NO3)2和NaCl处理的响应。在等渗条件下120mmol.LNaCl和80mmol.LCa(NO3)2胁迫后,番茄叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量、Chl.a/Chl.b比值、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、原初光能转换效率(Fv.Fm)、光合电子传递量子效率(ΦPSII)、Fv.Fo、光化学猝灭系数(qP)均呈下降趋势,以NaCl处理的下降幅度大于Ca(NO3)2处理;而Ca(NO3)2处理的胞间CO2浓度(Ci)呈下降趋势,NaCl处理的Ci呈升高趋势。因此,两种盐处理均对番茄植株光合作用造成了伤害,NaCl造成的伤害较Ca(NO3)2较为严重,Ca(NO3)2胁迫净光合速率下降可能是气孔限制所引起的,而NaCl胁迫净光合速率下降可能是由非气孔因子限制引起的。 相似文献
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通过溶液培养研究了不同浓度(0、0.1、1.0、5.0和10.0 g/L)氧乐果处理后小麦幼苗叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、可溶性糖含量及保护酶活性的动态变化。结果表明:在氧乐果胁迫下,高浓度的氧乐果(5.0和10.0 g/L)处理显著降低了小麦幼苗的叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量,且随着处理时间的延长其差异尤为显著;小麦叶片中可溶性糖含量随着氧乐果浓度和处理天数的增加而显著增加。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性均先上升后下降;抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性在0.1 g/L氧乐果处理的第1d时略有上升,然后下降。小麦响应氧乐果胁迫并上调SOD、POD、CAT等保护酶的活性和可溶性糖的含量,降低叶片光合作用,籍此维持小麦免受低浓度氧乐果的胁迫以维持小麦的正常生长;但高浓度氧乐果处理对小麦根系产生了明显的毒害作用,致使5.0 g/L氧乐果胁迫的小麦根系SOD、POD、CAT活性显著下降。APX和GR可能在低浓度氧乐果处理初期起主要保护作用,而在高浓度氧乐果胁迫下则受到明显抑制作用。 相似文献
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In order to identify key adaptive traits which affect productivity in Mediterranean grain and forage legumes and simultaneously determine the agricultural potential of a wide range of Vicia species, germplasm collected from the wild throughout the eastern Mediterranean was grown under semi-arid conditions in Tel Hadya, Syria (313 mm growing season rainfall). These included species currently in use in Mediterranean agriculture, such as V. sativa L., as well as those more widely used in the past-such as V. ervilia L., but also a broad selection from Section Narbonensis (B. Fedtsch. ex Radzhi) Maxted, including V. narbonensis L, V. johannis Tamamsch., V. hyaeniscyamus Mout., V. serratifolia Jacq., and V. kalakhensis Khattab et al. V. faba, a near relative of the taxa in Section Narbonensis, was included as a domesticated control. Where applicable, a representative range of subspecies was used. Accessions were chosen from a wide range of habitats in terms of latitude (31.02–40.72 decimalo), longitude (27.1–43.17 decimalo), altitude (20–1510 m), rainfall (180–1700 mm/yr) and soil depth (5–50 cm) in order to maximise diversity within species. Agricultural potential was determined by measuring seed, hay and biological yield, as well as agronomic traits such as harvest index, standing crop height, and seed size. The comparative influence of phenology and key agronomic traits such as plant habit and seed size on productivity varied tremendously between species, depending on their reproductive strategies. In V. sativa and V. ervilia, the smaller seed species which rely on long vegetative phases and growing seasons to accumulate sufficient biomass to set seed, and in which there was comparatively little agronomic variation, phenology had a large impact on yield. In early emerging taxa such as V. ervilia and V. s. subsp. sativa, with built-in long vegetative phases and growing seasons, seed yield was negatively correlated with flower ing (r = –0.86 to –0.88), whereas the opposite was the case for later emerging taxa such as V. s. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. (r = 0.95). Within V. narbonensis and relatives, the larger seeded Vicia species which rely on more conservative reproductive strategies where high seedling vigour associated with large seeds enables the species to enter reproductive phases relatively early, phenology had a much smaller impact on yield than did variation of key traits such as seed weight, plant habit and pod shattering. Among the undomesticated germplasm harvest indices ranged from 0.09–0.31, hay yields from 0.1–3.4 t/ha, seed yield from 0–2.0 t/ha, and dry matter at maturity from 1.6–6.5 t/ha. Sub-specific taxonomy was crucial in determining agronomic potential. V. narbonensis var. aegyptiaca Kornhuber ex Asch. et Schweinf. showed the most potential, combining an upright habit, large seeds (212 mg) and tendency to retain intact pods after maturity, with the highest yield, harvest index and crop height of all the wild Vicia species. V. sativa subsp. sativa, V. ervilia and V. narbonensis var. narbonensis were less productive, but still showed agricultural potential. The smaller seeded V. narbonensis, var. affinis, var. jordanica H. Schäf. and var. salmonea (Mout.) H. Schäf., and their close relatives V. johannis, V. hyaeniscyamus, V. serratifolia and V. kalakhensis have little to offer Mediterranean agriculture on the basis of poor agronomy. 相似文献
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J. K. Leary N. V. Hue P. W. Singleton D. Borthakur 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(3):215-223
Gorse (Ulex europaeus) infestation occupies over 4,000 ha of agriculture and conservation lands on the southeastern slope of Mauna Kea on the Island
of Hawaii. The aim of this investigation is to identify ecological features associated with this weed invasion by comparing
the gorse-infested areas to the surrounding uninfested areas of this landscape. The soils within the gorse infestation are
more acidic, resulting in higher levels of KCl-extractable Al and lower levels of Mehlich III-extractable Ca, Mg, Mn, and
Zn. Yet, gorse accumulates higher concentrations of Ca, Zn and, Cu than the kikuyu grass (Pennesitum clandestinum), which is ubiquitous throughout the site. The Ca:Al and Mg:Al molar charge ratios of the soils are lowest within the epicenter
of the gorse infestation, while the molar ratios are highest in the gorse apical stem tissues. All gorse plants are nodulated
and have higher nitrogen contents than the surrounding kikuyu grass. Furthermore, the δ15N of the gorse stem tissues approaches 0‰, suggesting that nitrogen is being symbiotically fixed from the atmosphere. Characterization
of the Bradyrhizobium isolated from gorse nodules shows similarities and distinctions to Bradyrhizobium isolated from the endemic legume koa (Acacia koa) within the same location. Population densities of the indigenous Bradyrhizobium are higher within the gorse rhizosphere than the kikuyu grass. Soil acidification, nutrient depletion, and symbiotic nitrogen
fixation distinguish gorse-infested areas from the surrounding uninfested areas. These observations suggest that gorse has
a competitive advantage over kikuyu grass under conditions of soil nutrient deficiency. 相似文献
15.
Ten leguminous trees, four exotic species (Australian Acacia) and six indigenous species (three Sahelian Acacia spp. and three Sesbania spp.), were grown for 4 months in a natural Sahelian soil inoculated with or without the endomycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices. In control trials, the determinant factor structuring the soil nematode fauna was the plant species, related plants having a similar influence on the nematode community in the soil. Soil nematode abundance increased from exotic acacias (3.3 g-1 dry soil) to native acacias (11.5 g-1 dry soil) and Sesbania species (17.6 g-1 dry soil). Plant feeding nematodes (mainly Scutellonema and Tylenchorhynchus) were significantly less abundant under exotic acacias (1.4 g-1 dry soil) than under native acacias (7.2 g-1 dry soil) or Sesbania species (7.3 g-1 dry soil). Bacterial feeding nematode density increased from exotic acacias (1.2 g-1 dry soil) to native acacias (3.0 g-1 dry soil) and Sesbania species (7.7 g-1 dry soil) as total densities. However, the differences in the structure of the nematode communities between plant groups were suppressed in the presence of the mycorrhizal fungus. In fact, no difference in nematode densities remained between plant groups when G. intraradices developed in several dominant taxa belonging to different trophic groups, particularly: Tylenchorhynchus, Apelenchina, Cephalobus and Dorylaimoidea. This study clearly indicated that inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus G. intraradices diminished the plant-specific effect on the structure of the soil nematode community. 相似文献
16.
Sofie E. De Meyer Koenraad Van Hoorde Bram Vekeman Tamara Braeckman Anne Willems 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(12):2384-2396
We investigated the diversity of rhizobia isolated from different indigenous legumes in Flanders (Belgium). A total of 3810 bacterial strains were analysed originating from 43 plant species. Based on rep-PCR clustering, 16S rRNA gene and recA gene sequence analysis, these isolates belonged to Bradyrhizobium, Ensifer (Sinorhizobium), Mesorhizobium and Rhizobium. Of the genera encountered, Rhizobium was the most abundant (62%) and especially the species Rhizobiumleguminosarum, followed by Ensifer (19%), Bradyrhizobium (14%) and finally Mesorhizobium (5%). For two rep-clusters only low similarity values with other genera were found for both the 16S rRNA and recA genes, suggesting that these may represent a new genus with close relationship to Rhodopseudomonas and Bradyrhizobium. Primers for the symbiotic genes nodC and nifH were optimized and a phylogenetic sequence analysis revealed the presence of different symbiovars including genistearum, glycinearum, loti, meliloti, officinalis, trifolii and viciae. Moreover, three new nodC types were assigned to strains originating from Ononis, Robinia and Wisteria, respectively. Discriminant and MANOVA analysis confirmed the correlation of symbiosis genes with certain bacterial genera and less with the host plant. Multiple symbiovars can be present within the same host plant, suggesting the promiscuity of these plants. Moreover, the ecoregion did not contribute to the separation of the bacterial endosymbionts. Our results reveal a large diversity of rhizobia associated with indigenous legumes in Flanders. Most of the legumes harboured more than one rhizobial endosymbiont in their root nodules indicating the importance of including sufficient isolates per plant in diversity studies. 相似文献
17.
One hundred and forty-seven Chinese barley varieties maintained at the Gene Bank of the National Barley Improvement Centre,
Zhejiang, and 84 progenies from these varieties were tested at the seedling stage for their reaction to 32 selected pathotypes
of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Eighteen resistance spectra were identified comprising single or combined resistances from eight known (Ml(Bw), Ml(Ch), Mla7, Mla8, Mla9, Mla13, MlaRu4 and Mlg) and six unknown resistance genes. The most frequent gene was Ml(Bw), which was found in 69 varieties and previously detected in only a few European winter barley varieties. The genes Mla8 and Ml(Ch) were also often present, but other resistance genes were rare. After inoculation, considerably fewer pathogen colonies were
observed in ‘Aiganqi’ and one line of ‘Tong5’. Twenty varieties were composed of lines with different resistance genes. China
is likely to be a region of origin of the genes Ml(Bw), Mla7, as well as three unknown genes found in original landraces and perhaps another three unknown genes detected in cultivars
bred in China. The resistances of varieties from the Zhejiang province and those originating from 11 other Chinese provinces
were quite different. Unfortunately, none of the varieties are promising sources of resistance to powdery mildew and China
does not seem to be a region suitable for identifying such sources. 相似文献
18.
The effects of five agroforestry woody species (Dactyladenia barteri, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Senna siamea andTreculia africana) on the surface aasting activity ofHyperiodrilus africanus were studied in an Alfisol (Oxic Paleustalf) in southwestern Nigeria. Casting activity under the woody species decreased in the following order:Dactyladenia sp. (26.4 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Gliricidia sp. (24.4 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Treculia sp. (22.9 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Leucaena sp. (18.6 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Senna sp. (18.3 Mg ha-1 year-1). These differences in casting activity were partly explained by microclimatic effects. Irrespective of the woody species, the worm casts were higher in clay and silt contents, bulk density, water-stable aggregates, pH, organic C, exchangeable cations, effective cation exchange capacity, and extractable P levels than the corresponding surface soils. The woody species did affect the physicochemical properties and P sorption of the worm casts. The content of water-stable aggregates of worm casts decreased in the following order:Dactyladenia sp.>Treculia sp.>Senna sp.>Leucaena sp.>Gliricidia sp. Large differences in extractable P levels were observed.Senna sp. was associated with the highest extractable P level (11.5 mg kg-1) andTreculia sp. the lowest (4.9 mg kg-1). P sorption was highest on worm casts underDactyladenia sp. and lowest on those underTreculia sp. Without fertilizer application, there were no significant differences in the dry weight of maize grown in the different worm casts. With NPK applications, the dry weight of maize grown in worm casts associated withTreculia sp. was significantly lower than that of maize grown in the other worm casts, mainly due to the low extractable P level. Despite a high organic C and exchangeable K status, maize grown in the worm casts still responded significantly to N and K applications. The N uptake by maize grown in worm casts associated withTreculia sp. was lower than that in the other treatments. 相似文献
19.
I. V. Rodushkin T. I. Moiseenko L. P. Kudryavtseva 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,85(2):731-736
The powerful mass-flow of melt water during the brief period of spring thaw provides a surge of pollutants and causes extremely toxic short term conditions. Together with the increase in total metal concentrations during this period, a redistribution in metal speciation occurs that increases the proportion of more toxic forms. Concentrations of ion-exchangeable fractions of nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), aluminium (Al), and manganese (Mn) show strong negative correlations with pH. The sum of complex metal species shows a strong positive correlation with total organic carbon (TOC). A data analysis model based on relationships observed between key parameters and metal behaviour together with gidrological data allowed an assessmrnt of the metal impact on waterbodies from accumulated airborne pollution (Ni, Cu) as well as from accelerated leaching from watersheds (Al, Mn). 相似文献
20.
The difficulty and problems encountered in the study of cultivated plants, in general and sugarcane, in particular has been
indicated. In order to understand these problems, a brief review on the taxonomy of Saccharum and closely related taxa, namely, Erianthus, Sclerostachya, Narenga and Miscanthus (generally known as ‘Saccharum complex’) has been given. A short account on the important morphological features that are specific to sugarcane has also
been stated as classification is commonly based on such morphological characters. A note has been added on the chromosome
number, origin, and distribution of the species of ‘Saccharum complex’ members. Taxonomic keys have been devised for identification of the genera of Saccharinae and for the species of
Saccharum and Erianthus occurring in India. A new combination, Sclerostachya fallax (Balansa) Amalraj et Balasundaram, has also been proposed. 相似文献