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济宁引黄复垦区不同年限土壤养分变化预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在济宁市梁山县选择引黄充填复垦典型复垦地块,并选择一块具有相同耕作方式的未塌陷地作为参照,通过分析复垦样地多年来的观测数据,构建不同土壤养分指标与年限间的回归方程,研究同一复垦方式不同复垦年限的土壤养分变化,并对耕层土壤养分恢复时间进行预测。结果表明:(1)随着复垦年限的增加,土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均呈增加的趋势,至复垦5a时,土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾基本趋近于对照地块含量,有效磷含量虽总体呈上升趋势,但复垦5 a后0～20 cm、20～40 cm、40～60 cm土壤有效磷含量分别为6.34、6.21、5.93 mg·kg~(-1),仅达到对照地块的60%;(2)预测引黄充填复垦耕层土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效钾含量在5～6 a后可恢复至对照耕地水平,复垦地块耕层土壤有效磷含量如要恢复至对照耕地水平需要15 a。引黄充填复垦地块耕层土壤的供磷能力明显较弱,可通过改善农艺措施和后期合理增施磷肥或有机肥料来提升土壤质量。 相似文献
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保护性耕作对科尔沁沙地坨沼区土壤理化性质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验研究了科尔沁沙地坨沼区坨子地和甸子地在不同耕作方式(传统、防护林保护)、不同耕作年限下的土壤理化性质动态变化。结果表明:保护性耕作对土壤容重、土壤机械组成影响较大,与CK2相比,坨子地保护性耕作T4、T5的耕层土壤容重分别降低了0.16,0.21g/cm3;2～0.02mm的颗粒含量分别降低了27.99%,40.59%;与CK1相比,甸子地保护性耕作D3、D4的耕层土壤容重分别降低了0.21,0.29g/cm3;2～0.02mm的颗粒含量分别降低了42.85%,55.59%。且保护性耕作土壤容重和2～0.02mm的颗粒含量均低于传统耕作。保护性耕作能增加土壤养分含量,与CK2相比,坨子地保护性耕作T4、T5的耕层有机质含量分别增加了12.69,18.65g/kg;碱解氮含量分别增加了7.7,15.7mg/kg;速效磷含量分别增加了15.27,27.06mg/kg;速效钾含量分别增加了40.19,46.58mg/kg;与CK1相比,甸子地保护性耕作D3、D4的耕层有机质含量分别增加了19.77,22.83g/kg;碱解氮含量增加了28.35,25.55mg/kg;速效磷含量分别增加了27.36,38.22mg/kg;速效钾含量分别增加了19.3,81.5mg/kg。差异均达极显著水平。保护性耕作的有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均高于传统耕作。 相似文献
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水旱轮作条件下免耕土壤主要理化特性研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
采用野外调查取样与室内分析相结合的方法,研究了水旱轮作条件下.不同免耕年限土壤主要理化特性的变化特点.结果表明:(1)水作及早作后.随免耕年限延长土壤容重在免耕7～8年达到最大值,与常规耕作差异显著.长期免耕导致土壤板结;土壤pH值在免耕2～3年显著低于常规耕作.免耕致使土壤酸化.(2)水作及旱作后.免耕土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾均在表层(0-5 cm)富集.(3)水作及早作后,免耕土壤耕层有机质、全氮均高于常规耕作,随免耕年限延长,免耕7～8年时明显下降;旱作后耕层土壤速效氮、速效磷变化特征与有机质和全氮一致,水作后免耕土壤速效氮含量高于常规耕作,但各免耕年限间无显著差异,土壤速效磷在免耕5～6年达到最大值,显著高于常规耕作,后随免耕年限延长变化趋于稳定;水作及旱作后,土壤速效钾在免耕5～6年内.与常规耕作均无显著差异,免耕7～8年达到最大值.水作与旱作相比.各肥力指标均表现为水作高于旱作. 相似文献
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平朔矿区露天煤矿排土场复垦类型及微地形对土壤养分的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究土地复垦类型及微地形对土壤养分的影响对于指导土地复垦实践,控制复垦土地水土流失等具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。以平朔露天煤矿排土场为例,借助数理统计方法分析评价复垦类型与微地形因子(高程、坡度、坡向)对土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、有效磷及速效钾含量的影响。结果表明:(1)复垦类型对各项土壤养分含量影响较为显著,不同的复垦类型中,各项土壤养分含量排序均为耕地林地草地;其中,土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷及速效钾含量,耕地分别为草地的2.15~2.68倍,林地的1.48~1.78倍,对于土壤有效磷,耕地中的含量为71.24mg/kg,为草地的11倍,林地的4倍;(2)坡度与土壤养分含量之间存在显著的相关性(p0.05),而高程、坡向与土壤养分含量的相关性较弱,表明排土场复垦区土壤养分受坡度影响较大,而受高程与坡向的影响较小;(3)复垦类型与坡度的交互作用对土壤养分含量产生一定的影响:同一复垦类型的不同坡度的土地养分含量存在差异,耕地的土壤养分含量随着坡度的增大在降低;同一坡度,不同的复垦类型条件下,土壤养分差异显著,总体趋势为耕地林地草地。 相似文献
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通过设置侵蚀模拟小区,研究紫色土坡耕地耕层质量退化过程中土壤养分的变化特征。以三峡库区紫色土坡耕地侵蚀耕层土壤为研究对象,基于铲土侵蚀模拟法建立5种侵蚀程度(0,5,10,15,20 cm)和2种管理措施[不施肥(CK)、常规耕作(F)]的原位试验,采用田间原位检测、土壤化学性质分析等手段,对常规耕作侵蚀耕层土壤养分的恢复效应和土壤养分的年际变化趋势进行研究。结果表明：(1)耕层土壤养分各项指标均表现为F>CK,表明F较CK改善土壤养分效果较好,且对有机质、全氮和有效磷改善效果明显。(2)紫色土坡耕地耕层土壤养分主要富集在0—20 cm表土层,整体随侵蚀程度加剧,随剖面呈下降的趋势,F下0—30 cm土层土壤养分含量增加明显,对10—20 cm土层有机质含量增幅效果最优。(3)经过连续4年的定位试验,CK下有机质、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量较背景值增长4.33%～15.89%,全氮含量较背景值无明显变化,全磷含量较背景值降低11.78%;F土壤养分含量较背景值增长4.51%～49.46%。研究成果可为坡耕地合理耕层调控途径、提高土地生产力提供基础参数。 相似文献
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黄土塬面果园土壤养分特征及演变 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
为了探明黄土高原沟壑区长期种植果树对果园土壤肥力的影响,应用空间代时间的方法,对不同种植年限果园的土壤肥力状况进行多元统计分析。结果表明,果园土壤全磷、速效磷和速效钾含量丰富,有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量属中等偏下水平。不同果园中各养分变异较大的是土壤速效磷、速效钾,土壤有机质和全氮的变异系数最小。与当地农田土壤养分相比,果园土壤养分除有机质含量差异不显著,全氮含量显著低于农田外,其余养分含量均显著高于农田。总体上看,不同种植年限间果园土壤养分含量差异显著。果园土壤肥力综合指数与种植年限二者之间有显著的相关性,其变化趋势符合y=-0.0011x2+0.0419x+0.2078模型。在黄土高原沟壑区种植果树能够提高土壤肥力,但当果树种植年限超过19年时果园土壤肥力开始衰退,果园生态系统质量下降。 相似文献
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五阳矿区采煤塌陷地复垦土壤的质量变化研究 总被引：26，自引：2，他引：26
在潞安矿业集团五阳矿区采煤塌陷地上,按照混推和剥离两种复垦技术,分复垦种植l年、3年和5年进行采样,对不同复垦技术及时间条件下土壤养分(有机质、氮、磷、钾)和重金属元素(镉、铅、铬、汞)含量以及物理性质(容重、毛管持水量、总孔隙度、团粒结构)进行采样分析研究。结果表明:1剥离复垦耕地的土壤肥力基本保持不变,耕层养分高于底层,并呈逐年上升趋势;2混推复垦耕地的土壤肥力低且不匀,必须采取措施尽快提高地力;3土壤重金属元素含量的变化主要受矿区粉尘和污水影响,与土地复垦技术和年限关系不大;4平川地区采煤塌陷地的复垦采用剥离复垦的效益较好。这为合理确定矿区土地复垦的技术和地力恢复时间提供一定的借鉴。 相似文献
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分析2005～2013年间测土配方施肥土壤样品,明确吉林省农田耕层土壤速效磷、钾养分的空间分布特征,结合第二次土壤普查数据探讨不同地区和土类农田土壤速效磷、钾养分的时间变化趋势。目前,吉林省农田耕层土壤速效磷含量平均为25.4 mg·kg-1(1.6～84.2 mg·kg-1),速效钾含量平均为123.6 mg·kg-1(24～299 mg·kg-1),均属中等变异。空间分布上,吉林省农田土壤速效磷自东向西逐渐下降,白山地区的靖宇县最高而白城地区的大安市最低,速效钾自北向南逐渐下降,长春地区的农安县最高而通化地区的集安市最低。不同土类间速效磷、钾含量差异显著,前者以白浆土最高而黑钙土最低,后者以黑土最高而水稻土最低。30年间,吉林省农田耕层土壤速效磷含量在省域及地区尺度上均呈显著上升趋势,土壤速效钾含量在地区间增减趋势不同,省域尺度上总体略有下降。土类方面,除黑土和暗棕壤略有下降外,大多数土类速效磷含量均明显提高,速效钾含量以风沙土、黑钙土增幅较高而暗棕壤、草甸土显著下降。基于以上结果,吉林省区域作物养分管理策略与技术需进行相应调整以优化养分资源投入,建议适当下调磷肥用量或改进磷肥品种以减少土壤磷素累积,土壤钾素亏缺地区应合理补充钾肥并积极推广秸秆还田技术。 相似文献
10.
山地丘陵区不同复垦年限空心村整治后土壤特性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《水土保持学报》2015,(5)
了解空心村整治后的土壤特性,为山地丘陵区废弃、空置宅基地高效利用复垦为新增耕地指明道路。通过在陕西澄城县实地采集6个年限的空心村复垦后土壤,分别测定其土壤pH、容重、电导率、有机质、全氮、有效磷及速效钾含量,并与复垦点临近的废弃宅基地墙土进行比较。结果表明,随着复垦年限的增加,土壤粘粒含量呈对数增长趋势,平均增长速率为7.34%,pH呈对数增长趋势,平均增长速率为1.34%,容重呈指数型增长趋势,平均增长速率为4.35%,电导率呈多项式增长趋势,平均增长速率为13.76%(复垦年限≥4a),有机质、全N、有效磷和速效钾含量均呈现先减小后增大的多项式变化规律,增长速率分别为27.76%(复垦年限≥4a),5.73%(复垦年限≥3a),12.64%(复垦年限≥4a),6.49%(复垦年限≥2a)。山地丘陵区空心村复垦后不仅能增加耕地数量,且随复垦年限的增加其土壤物理特性良好,养分含量增高。 相似文献
11.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(6):367-375
Abstract Soil samples were obtained at 0–3, 3–6, 6–9 and 0–9 inch depths from experimental plots receiving five tillage treatments. Each of two samplers composited approximately six one‐inch cores from each plot. Soil samples were analyzed for acidity, P and K using routine analysis procedures in the University of Illinois Soil Testing Laboratory. Few significant differences were attributed to sampler and it was concluded that samplers using similar sampling techniques were obtaining soil samples from the same population. No significant differences in soil acidity at different depths were observed. The different tillage methods did significantly affect soil P at the 0–3 inch depth, but had no significant effect on soil P at deeper depths. Different tillage methods also significantly affected soil K values at different depths. 相似文献
12.
E. A. Mikhailova C. J. Post M. A. Schlautman J. M. Galbraith H. A. Zurqani 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(15):1826-1834
Soil textural information is an important component underlying other soil health indicators. Soil texture analysis is a common procedure, but it can be labor intensive and expensive. Soil texture data typically are available from the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database, which may be an option for determining soil health texture groups (SHTG). The SSURGO database provides soil texture information in the soil map unit (SMU) name, taxonomic class category (family), and detailed values (≤ 2 mm soil fraction) of percent sand, silt and clay by soil horizon. The objective of this study was to examine the possibility of using SSURGO data for SHTG at the 147-ha Cornell University Willsboro Research Farm in New York state as an alternative for soil texture data determined manually on collected soil core samples. Comparative results revealed that representative values for soil texture from the SSURGO database generally matched measured mean values for all SMUs. 相似文献
13.
土壤含水率与土壤碱度对土壤抗剪强度的影响 总被引：11，自引：11，他引：11
土壤含水率和土壤碱度是表征土壤物理化学性质的两个重要参数。通过室内三轴不固结不排水试验，研究了土壤含水率和土壤碱度对土壤抗剪强度的影响。试验处理采用5种土壤碱度(土壤可交换钠百分比ESP=0、5、10、20、40)和4种土壤质量含水率(0.05、0.10、0.20以及饱和含水率0.34)水平。试验结果显示，土壤黏聚力随着土壤含水率的增加基本上呈先增大后减小之趋势；当土壤含水率在0.10附近时黏聚力达到其最大值。土壤内摩擦角随着土壤含水率的增加而线性减小。土壤碱度对土壤黏聚力的影响机理较为复杂，其影响效果随土壤含水率的增加而减小；但土壤碱度对土壤内摩擦角的影响较小。土壤碱度对土壤抗剪强度的影响程度明显地小于土壤含水率对其的影响程度。 相似文献
14.
Microbial activity is affected by changes in the availability of soil moisture. We examined the relationship between microbial activity and water potential in a silt loam soil during four successive drying and rewetting cycles. Microbial activity was inferred from the rate of CO2 accumulating in a sealed flask containing the soil sample and the CO2 respired was measured using gas chromatography. Thermocouple hygrometry was used to monitor the water potential by burying a thermocouple in the soil sample in the flask. Initial treatment by drying on pressure plates brought samples of the test soil to six different water potentials in the range -0.005 to -1.5MPa. Water potential and soil respiration were simultaneously measured while these six soil samples slowly dried by evaporation and were remoistened four times. The results were consistent with a log-linear relationship between water potential and microbial activity as long as activity was not limited by substrate availability. This relationship appeared to hold for the range of water potentials from ?0.01 to ?8.5 MPa. Even at ?0.01 MPa (wet soil) a decrease in water potential from ?0.01 to ?0.02 MPa caused a 10% decrease in microbial activity. Rewetting the soil caused a large and rapid increase in the respiration rate. There was up to a 40-fold increase in microbial activity for a short period when the change in water potential following rewetting was greater than 5 MPa. Differences in microbial activity between the wetter and drier soil treatments following rewetting to the original water potentials are discussed in terms of the availability of energy substrate. 相似文献
15.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):833-840
Abstract The design, dimensiors and materials for constructing volumetric soil measures for routine soil testing use are presented. Scoop calibration techniques are also described. Reproducibility of results obtained under routine laboratory, conditions are shown. The measures include volumes of 1.0‐, 2.5‐, 5.0‐ and 10‐ cm3 respectively. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(6):567-571
Abstract The design, materials and dimensions for constructing a coring device for sampling soil fauna and flora at different depths is described. 相似文献
17.
The interaction of soil microbes with their physical environment affects their abilities to respire, grow and divide. One of these environmental factors is the amount of moisture in the soil. The work we published almost 25 years ago showed that microbial respiration was linearly related to soil-water content and log-linearly related to water potential. The paper arose out of collaboration between two young researchers from different areas of soil science, physics and microbiology. The project was driven by not only our curiosity but also the freedom to operate without the constraints common to the current system of science management. The citation history shows three peaks, 1989, 1999 and from 2002 to the present day. Interestingly, the annual citation rate is as high as it has ever been. The initial peak is due to the application of the work to studies on microbial processes. The second peak is associated with the rise of simulation modelling and the third with the relevance of the findings to climate change research. In this article, our paper is re-evaluated in the light of subsequent studies that allow the principle of separation of variables to be tested. This re-evaluation lends further credence to the linear relationship proposed between soil respiration and water content. A scaled relationship for respiration and water content is presented. Lastly, further research is suggested and more recent work on the physics of gas transport discussed briefly. 相似文献
18.
《CATENA》1998,32(1):15-22
Evaluation of various soil erosion models with large data sets have consistently shown that these models tend to over-predict soil erosion for small measured values, and under-predict soil erosion for larger measured values. This trend appears to be consistent regardless of whether the soil erosion value of interest is for individual storms, annual totals, or average annual soil losses, and regardless of whether the model is empirical or physically based. The hypothesis presented herein is that this phenomenon is not necessarily associated with bias in model predictions as a function of treatment, but rather with limitations in representing the random component of the measured data within treatments (i.e., between replicates) with a deterministic model. A simple example is presented, showing how even a `perfect' deterministic soil erosion model exhibits bias relative to small and large measured erosion rates. The concept is further tested and verified on a set of 3007 measured soil erosion data pairs from storms on natural rainfall and run-off plots using the best possible, unbiased, real-world model, i.e., the physical model represented by replicated plots. The results of this study indicate that the commonly observed bias, in erosion prediction models relative to over-prediction of small and under-prediction of large measured erosion rates on individual data points, is normal and expected if the model is accurately predicting erosion rates as a function of environmental conditions, i.e., treatments. 相似文献
19.
Tillage effects on soil degradation, soil resilience, soil quality, and sustainability 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Rattan Lal 《Soil & Tillage Research》1993,27(1-4):1-8
Soil degradation, decrease in soil's actual and potential productivity owing to land misuse, is a major threat to agricultural sustainability and environmental quality. The problem is particularly severe in the tropics and sub-tropics as a result of high demographic pressure, shortage of prime agricultural land, harsh environments, and resource poor farmers who presumably cannot afford science based recommended inputs. Tillage methods and soil surface management affect sustainable use of soil resources through their influence on soil stability, soil resilience, and soil quality. Soil stability refers to the susceptibility of soil to change under natural or anthropogenic perturbations. In comparison, soil resilience refers to soil's ability to restore its life support processes after being stressed. The term soil quality refers to the soil's capacity to perform its three principal functions e.g. economic productivity, environment regulation, and aesthetic and cultural values. There is a need to develop precise objective and quantitative indices of assessing these attributes of the soil. These indices can only be developed from the data obtained from well designed and properly implemented long-term soil management experiments conducted on major soils in principal ecoregions. 相似文献
20.
黑土区土壤侵蚀厚度对土地生产力的影响及其评价 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为了研究黑土区土壤侵蚀厚度对土地生产力的影响,采用盆栽试验,人为剥离黑土表层0、5、10、15、20、25和30 cm土壤以模拟侵蚀厚度不同的耕层土壤,分析土壤侵蚀厚度对土壤理化性质、大豆生物性状和水分利用效率等指标的影响。并对TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution)模型进行改进,用于评价侵蚀厚度不同的土壤的土地生产力。结果表明:土壤全N、碱解N、全P、速效P、有机质含量和土壤田间持水率均随侵蚀厚度的增加而递减,土壤容重随侵蚀厚度的增加而递增。土壤侵蚀厚度对大豆生长有显著影响,随着侵蚀厚度的增加,大豆减产率呈"S型"曲线递增,产量、耗水量呈"Z型"曲线递减,水分利用效率呈指数曲线关系递减。改进的TOPSIS模型对不同侵蚀厚度下土地生产力的评价结果较为理想,计算的土地生产力指数随土壤侵蚀厚度的变化呈"Z型"曲线,与大豆产量的变化趋势相同,且二者呈指数函数关系,决定系数达0.996,均方根误差为0.65。研究结果可为黑土区土壤侵蚀防治提供理论依据。 相似文献