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1.
库尔勒香梨萼端黑斑病发生的原因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《果树学报》2010,(4)
2007-2009年,在新疆库尔勒地区,香梨在贮藏期发生一种此前极少发生的病害,即萼端黑斑。为了探明该病害的发生原因,对香梨健康果与萼端黑斑果果实品质、矿质元素等方面进行了比较研究,同时对黑斑病果进行病原学鉴定。结果表明,香梨萼端黑斑病果实较健果可溶性固形物含量低,且病果中公梨(花萼宿存或未脱落净的)所占比例高达80%;矿质元素测定结果表明,病果中Ca含量低于健果,而N/Ca、K/Ca均高于健果,且果实花萼端钙含量最低,氮含量以及N/Ca、K/Ca最高。柯赫氏证病法结果显示,分离得到的枝孢霉属(Cladosporium cladosporioides)和链格孢属(Alternaria alternata)真菌为非致病菌。初步认为,库尔勒香梨萼端黑斑病是一种由于果实品质下降和N/Ca、K/Ca失调及缺钙引起的生理性病害。 相似文献
2.
‘库尔勒香梨’花萼端不同形状果实的矿质元素和内源激素含量比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以库尔勒香梨(Pyrus sinkiangensis Yü‘Korla Xiangli’)果实为材料,研究了脱萼不突起、宿萼不突起和宿萼突起等3种形状以及同一形状的果柄端、胴部和花萼端等3个部位的矿质元素、内源激素和品质差异。结果表明,果皮的N、Ca、Mg、B含量较果肉高,而N/Ca和K/Ca则较果肉低;宿萼突起果中,N、K、P含量和N/Ca显著高于脱萼不突起果和宿萼不突起果;花萼端Ca含量显著低于果柄端和胴部,而N含量和N/Ca均显著高于果柄端和胴部。果皮的IAA、ZR和ABA含量较果肉高,并且宿萼突起果的IAA含量和(ZR+IAA+GA3)/ABA显著高于脱萼不突起果和宿萼不突起果,ABA含量则显著低于脱萼不突起果;果实不同部位的各内源激素分布未发现明显变化规律。脱萼不突起果综合品质好于宿萼果,花萼端可溶性固形物和维生素C含量显著高于果柄端和胴部。 相似文献
3.
为探究早酥梨果实木栓化褐变的原因,以早酥梨木栓化褐变病果和健康果为测试样品,采用溴乙酰乙酸法和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪分别测定果皮和果肉中的木质素及主要矿质元素K、Ca、Na、P、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B等的含量。结果表明,早酥梨木栓化褐变病果果肉中木质素含量显著高于健康果的(P0.05),而果皮中的木质素含量显著低于健康果的(P0.05);同健康果相比,早酥梨木栓化褐变病果中含量显著低的矿质元素有Mg、B、Cu、Zn、K、P和Mn元素;果肉中的木质素含量与K、P、和Mg元素呈显著负相关,果肉中的木质素含量与Mg、B、Cu、P、Fe、Zn、Ca元素呈显著正相关。本研究认为,早酥梨果实木栓化褐变是一种缺素性生理病害,果园可采取配方施肥措施加以防治。 相似文献
4.
基于因子分析和聚类分析的杧果种质矿质元素含量评价 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以53个杧果品种的套袋果实为试材,测定其10个矿质元素含量,运用因子分析和聚类分析等统计方法对矿质元素含量特征进行分析。结果表明,不同品种果实中矿质元素含量存在显著差异,10种元素平均含量依次为：K > P > Mg > Ca > Na > Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu > B,变异系数在16.79%（P）~ 52.28%（Mn）之间;各矿质元素含量均服从正态分布;Mg与Mn、Zn、Cu、P、K、B之间,Zn、Cu、K两两之间,P与K之间均呈显著正相关;K、P、Ca、Mn和B是杧果果实的特征矿质元素;53个品种可以分为4类：（1）高K、P、Mg、Zn和Cu 含量的品种11个,（2）高Na和Fe含量的品种18个,（3）低Mg、Zn和K含量的品种8个,（4）低Ca、B和Mn含量的品种16个。 相似文献
5.
植物学性状参与脐橙果实油斑病调控的矿质营养代谢机制研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《果树学报》2010,(3)
对红橘砧奉节72-1脐橙正常和油斑病发生较严重的挂果枝植物学性状以及挂果枝所在营养枝功能叶片和果皮N、P、K、Ca含量进行了分析,探讨植物学性状对矿质元素代谢调控与柑橘果实油斑病发生的关系。结果发现奉节72-1脐橙果实油斑病的发生与果枝植物学性状和果枝所在功能叶片矿质营养N、K和Ca含量有紧密的关系,果枝长度6～15cm、果枝叶数7～10枚、挂果数2～3个果实油斑病程度较轻。红桔砧奉节72-1脐橙果实油斑病程度较重的挂果枝所在营养枝功能叶片和果皮中N、K和Ca含量均显著低于油斑病程度较轻的植株,呈显著或极显著负相关,而与叶片和果皮中P的含量均未达显著水平。 相似文献
6.
《中国南方果树》2015,(2)
在宜昌市夷陵区选77个有代表性的温州蜜柑果园定株取样,测定花中10种矿质元素含量和成熟果实品质,分析花中各矿质元素含量与果实品质各指标间的关系,探讨花营养诊断预测果实品质的可行性。结果表明,花中N、P、Mg含量为弱变异(变异系数≤10%),K、Fe、Cu、B含量为中变异(10%变异系数≤20%),Ca、Mn、Zn含量为强变异(变异系数20%)。花中P、Ca、B含量分别与果实可滴定酸和可溶性固形物含量呈极显著或显著负相关,分别与果实固酸比和可食率呈极显著或显著正相关,P含量还与果实维生素C含量呈显著负相关;Mn与果实可滴定酸和可溶性固形物含量呈极显著正相关,与可食率呈显著负相关;N含量与果实可溶性固形物含量呈显著正相关;K含量与果实可溶性固形物含量呈显著负相关;Fe含量与果实可滴定酸含量呈显著负相关。花营养诊断可预测果实品质,根据花营养诊断实施适当的中期管理可提高果实品质。 相似文献
7.
复合覆盖对旱地苹果叶片矿质元素及果实品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以15年生"富士"苹果为试材,通过覆盖地布、地布覆盖+保水剂和地布覆盖+埋枝条的方式,研究了旱地条件下复合覆盖措施对苹果叶片矿质元素含量和果实品质的影响。结果表明:3种覆盖方式能不同程度提高叶片矿质元素含量,增加果实单果质量和可溶性固形物含量,以及果皮穿刺强度和果肉平均坚实度。地布覆盖+保水剂处理叶片N和B含量最高,地布覆盖+埋枝条处理叶片K、Mg、Cu、Fe和Zn等元素含量最高。地布覆盖果实单果质量、可溶性固形物含量、果皮穿刺强度和果肉平均坚实度均低于地布覆盖+保水剂和地布覆盖+埋枝条处理。说明干旱条件下,地布覆盖+保水剂/埋枝条可以增加叶片的矿质元素含量,提高苹果的果实品质。 相似文献
8.
《柑桔与亚热带果树信息》2013,(12):65-65
据《中国农业科学》2013年第18期《“富士”苹果痘斑病与Ca营养、分布和定位》（作者董宇等）报道，以“短枝富士”苹果为材料，用原子吸收法测定患痘斑病果实（简称病果）与健康果实（简称健果）的顶、中、底部皮组织中Ca、K和Mg含量。同时，用X射线能谱仪分析果皮和果肉组织中Ca、K和Mg的微区分布， 相似文献
9.
在江西赣州、福建永春和广西桂林分别采集纽荷尔脐橙、椪柑(芦柑)和沙糖桔果实样品,比较黄龙病果实与正常果实在果实大小、形状、可溶性固形物(TSS)、可滴定酸(TA)、维生素C(Vc)和矿质元素含量等方面的差异。结果发现,纽荷尔脐橙和芦柑感病果实的纵径、横径和单果质量均显著低于正常果实,沙糖桔感病果实和正常果实之间这几个指标的差异无显著性;纽荷尔脐橙果实的果形指数显著变小,芦柑和沙糖桔的果形指数则显著变大;各品种感病果实的TSS含量均显著低于正常果实,但是TA和Vc的变化在不同品种之间的表现不一致。纽荷尔脐橙感病果N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、Al、Mn、Zn、B元素含量显著高于正常果,Na、Cu、Fe元素含量变化不明显;沙糖桔感病果Ca、Al、Mn、Zn、Fe元素含量显著高于正常果,Na元素含量显著低于正常果,其他元素含量变化不明显;芦柑感病果仅Na和Al元素含量显著低于正常果,其他元素变化不明显。 相似文献
10.
《中国果树》2021,(5)
以9年生‘早金酥’梨为试材,选择水平棚架和细长圆柱形2种树形进行套袋处理,比较研究了套袋后对‘早金酥’梨果实品质及矿质元素的影响。结果表明:套袋对果形无明显影响;平均单果重水平棚架与细长圆柱形分别下降了13.3%和13.6%;套袋果实果皮颜色为黄白色,不套袋果实为黄绿色;果实套袋后,叶绿素含量明显降低,果面亮度、光洁度明显提高;套袋对果实硬度没有影响,可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量水平棚架套袋果、不套袋果、细长圆柱形不套袋果之间差异不显著,但均显著高于细长圆柱形套袋果,可滴定酸含量下降,固酸比和糖酸比均显著高于不套袋果;套袋果N、B含量降低,细长圆柱形P、K、Ca含量降低,且差异显著(P0.05),水平棚架套袋果Ca含量提高了18.0%。综合分析认为,套袋能显著提高‘早金酥’梨的外观品质;水平棚架栽培条件下,内在品质与不套袋果实基本相同,建议应用;细长圆柱形果实内在品质呈下降趋势,建议在土壤有机质含量及管理水平较高的果园选择应用。 相似文献
11.
钙素营养与套袋苹果苦痘病的关系 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
为了探讨苹果套袋后苦痘病加重的原因,以富士苹果为试材,对果实发育过程中钙、氮含量的变化规律,果实幼果期和成熟期钙总量,套袋后果实微环境湿度变化及不同有机质果园苦痘病发生率进行了测定。结果表明,未套袋苹果果实在幼果期吸收钙量占成熟果实总钙量30%左右,后期占70%左右,套袋影响了果实对钙的吸收;套袋使袋内湿度增加,果实表面蒸腾作用降低,使果实对钙的吸收受到影响;同时套袋果氮含量一直高于未套袋果,N/Ca增大,促成了苦痘病的发生。增加果园有机质含量,可以改善根际钙离子供应,降低苦痘病的发生。 相似文献
12.
T. L. Lewis D. Martin J. Cerny D. A. Ratkowsky 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):409-419
Merton Worcester apple trees in pot culture were supplied for four consecutive years with N, P, Ca and K at two rates. Apples of this cultivar differed from those of cvs Cleopatra and Jonathan both in their response to nutrient supply variations and in the interrelationships among the levels of mineral elements in the fruit and bitter pit incidence at harvest. The association between fruit levels of N, P, K and Mg previously observed in the other two cultivars was absent in Merton. In two years a positive association appeared in Merton between K level and bitter pit incidence. Doubling the K supply reduced fruit Ca level and increased protein N level and bitter pit incidence. A threefold increase in the Ca supply had the opposite effect on each of these variables. Bitter pit incidence was not affected by doubling the P supply, but was increased by supplying extra N, some of which was in the form of ammonium ion. The differences found between Merton Worcester and the two cultivars studied previously under the same cultural conditions demonstrate that any conclusions in this area concerning apples in general are valid only if they are based on findings over a number of seasons in a wide range of cultivars. 相似文献
13.
环渤海湾和黄土高原‘富士’苹果园土壤养分与果实矿质元素关系的多变量分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
探讨中国环渤海湾和黄土高原两大苹果产区土壤养分对‘富士’苹果果实矿质元素含量的影响及相互关系,为两大苹果产区提高果实矿质元素含量的果园合理施肥等提供理论依据。2010—2011年分别在中国环渤海湾和黄土高原两大苹果产区各选择22个县,每县3个果园,共计132个乔砧‘富士’苹果园,对每个果园的土壤养分和果实矿质元素含量进行调查和分析,比较两大产区土壤养分、果实矿质元素含量的差异,应用偏最小二乘回归方法筛选不同产区影响果实矿质元素含量的主要土壤养分因子,线性规划求解优质果实矿质营养丰富的土壤养分含量优化方案。结果表明:环渤海湾产区的土壤碱解氮、有效磷、钙、铁和锌含量极显著高于黄土高原产区,而土壤pH和有效钾含量显著低于黄土高原产区;环渤海湾产区‘富士’果实氮、磷含量显著高于黄土高原区,而钙、铁和锌含量则显著低于黄土高原产区。黄土高原产区土壤有效铁、环渤海湾产区土壤有效硼含量分别与果实中的铁、硼呈显著和极显著相关。环渤海湾产区影响果实钙含量的主要土壤养分因子的大小顺序为土壤有机质、全氮、有效锌、有效硼、有效铁和有效钾,土壤有效锌对果实钙有最大的正效应系数,而土壤有效硼和全氮负效应系数较大;黄土高原产区对果实钙含量影响的主要土壤养分因子的大小顺序为土壤有效磷、有效锌、有机质、有效铁和有效钾,土壤有效锌、铁对果实钙含量有较大的正效应系数。线性规划求解出两大苹果产区果实矿质元素含量丰富的土壤养分优化方案。环渤海湾苹果产区增加果实钙含量的主要土壤养分管理措施为降低土壤全氮、碱解氮含量,提高土壤有效钾、铁、锌含量,维持较高的土壤有机质含量(17.7 g·kg~(-1)以上);黄土高原产区则为提高土壤有机质、有效锌含量,降低土壤全氮、碱解氮含量,保持适宜的土壤有效磷、钾含量。 相似文献
14.
A study was conducted in strawberry to establish a relationship between shading, mineral nutrient of leaves and fruits with albinism incidence. Plants grown under shade produced albino fruits in higher proportion than those grown in open fields. Similarly, plants under shade produced smaller sized fruits and have lower fruit yield. Among cultivars, Etna had highest incidence of albinism (49.6%) and Sweet Charlie the lowest (14.4%). Dry matter content (%), concentration of five major nutrients, viz. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and N:Ca and K:Ca nutrient ratios did not differ significantly in the leaves of plants producing normal or albino fruits. However, in contrast, the concentration of K was notably higher (1.97 mg g−1 fresh tissue weight) and that of Ca was lower (0.098 mg g−1 fresh tissue weight) in albino fruits than normal ones. Consequently, the ratios of N:Ca (11.34) and K:Ca (20.08) were higher in albino fruits than normal ones. Cultivars also differed widely in respect to dry matter (%), mineral content and nutrient ratios. Thus, it appears that lower light intensity favours the development of albinism in strawberry, and it seems that calcium is not the basic cause of albinism, but increased vigour associated with overuse of N and K might be positively associated with it. 相似文献
15.
B.J. Van Goor 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):347-364
In several commercial orchards the percentages of Ca and K in the leaves and fruit of the cultivar Cox’s Orange Pippin were determined at intervals during one or more years. The values for a series of untreated trees were continually compared with those of a comparable series of trees which were sprayed at about seven-day intervals with a Ca(NO3)2 solution. At the end of each experiment the fruit was placed in storage and later examined for the incidence of bitter pit.The Ca contents of leaves and fruit and the quotient (K+Mg)/Ca in the leaves of untreated trees showed only a moderate relationship with the percentage of bitter pit. The K content of the fruit was more closely correlated, however.The level above which much bitter pit was unlikely to occur was found to be approximately 7.5–8 mg Ca in a fruit of 140 g fresh weight.The total amount of Ca in the untreated fruit increased in a rather regular and comparable fashion in the various experiments. The rate of increase was somewhat higher during the first period of development, until the fruit reached about 20–40 g in weight, than during its subsequent growth.Spray treatments increased the Ca content of the leaves by 0.2–0.5% of the dry weight; a maximum of 4 mg Ca was added to the fruit, an increase of 47% on the basis of the amount already present. In general the Ca level increased progressively during the season with successive spray applications, and 9–15 sprays reduced bitter pit incidence to about 5%.The permeability of the fruit tissue to ions diminished as a result of the sprays, and it is suggested that an increase in cell membrane permeability may be involved in the development of the disease.For commercial orchards, more frequent sprays may need to be applied than are recommended at present to provide effective control of bitter pit. 相似文献
16.
套袋黄冠梨黑点病与钙素营养和果实衰老的关系 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
为探明套袋黄冠梨果实黑点病发病原因,从采后生理、矿质营养水平、酚类物质酶促褐变和果实衰老等方面对套袋黄冠梨果实黑点病进行了研究。结果表明:套袋果呼吸强度显著高于不套袋果;套袋果Ca含量仅为不套袋果的49%-63%,果皮钙素含量未套袋果>套袋健康果>套袋病果,套袋病果与不套袋果果皮N/Ca比值分别为9.8和6.1,K/Ca比值分别为17.6和8.8;果皮和果心酚类物质含量及多酚氧化酶活性(PPO)呈套袋病果>套袋健康果>未套袋果的趋势;套袋病果果皮丙二醛(MDA)含量及电导率显著高于未套袋果;果皮钙素含量与其PPO活性、多酚及丙二醛含量、电导率呈高度负相关。初步分析黄冠梨果实黑点病病因为缺钙性生理衰老。 相似文献
17.
O. Vang-Petersen 《Scientia Horticulturae》1980,12(2):163-168
In a pot experiment with apple trees, cultivar ‘Cox's Orange’, Ca was omitted in the nutrient solution for periods of different length. Trees lacking Ca in the latest of the growth period contained 42 mg kg?1 Ca in the fruits, which is 21% below control. In the bulked sample, average size of fruits was not considerably affected, but the distribution of small and large fruits changed toward more smaller fruits. Concommitantly, bitter pit was reduced compared to the control.Sufficient K supply (1.20–1.70% K in leaf dry matter) given to trees receiving high Ca supply depressed Ca concentration in the fruits to 41 mg kg?1, which is 23% below control. Average fruit size was not significantly changed, but the distribution was towards larger fruits. Under these circumstances bitter pit was increased. Ca deficiency, caused either by omission of Ca or competition between K and Ca, increased fruit rot, russeting and cracks on the fruits. Short term variations in Ca levels were not seen to produce any measurable response. 相似文献
18.
以日光温室"87-1"葡萄为试材,设置叶面喷施氨基酸系列肥(AA-S)、氨基酸硒肥(AA-Se)、氨基酸硒肥+微量元素(AA-Se+T)和喷清水(CK)4个处理,研究了不同叶面肥处理对日光温室葡萄生长发育的影响,以期为日光温室葡萄叶面肥的选择及改良研发提供参考依据。结果表明:与CK相比,喷施叶面肥处理显著提高了葡萄的成花枝率、结果系数、比叶干质量、叶绿素b含量、叶绿素总含量和成熟期果实的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mo等矿质元素含量,以及果实的可溶性固形物含量。其中,AA-Se+T处理的成花枝率、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、叶绿素总含量、类胡萝卜素含量、成熟期果实的N、P、K、Fe、Mn、B、Cu和Mo含量,以及可溶性固形物含量均显著高于AA-S处理和AA-Se处理,成熟期果实的Ca和Mg含量则以AA-S处理最高。Topsis综合评价分析,CI指数表现为AA-Se+T处理>AA-S处理>AA-Se处理>CK。综上所述,喷施叶面肥可以提高日光温室"87-1"葡萄的成花能力、叶片质量、果实矿质元素含量和果实品质,以AA-Se+T处理效果最佳。AA-S处理显著提高了成熟期果实的Ca、Mg含量,可用于解决果实缺钙问题和高钙果品的生产。 相似文献