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1.
M M Pavletic 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1990,20(1):201-226
There are a variety of defects of the lips, cheek, and nasal tissue in small animals that occur as a result of trauma, wide tumor excision, and congenital disorders. Fortunately, there is sufficient labial and buccal tissue available to close many of the moderate-sized defects encountered in practice by utilizing the basic closure techniques discussed in this article. 相似文献
2.
Veterinary clients often seek the same new and innovative cancer treatment options for their companion animals that they read about in the press or on the Internet. It is, therefore, necessary for the practitioner to have an understanding of the development of new and innovative cytotoxic drugs and delivery techniques. This article describes the drug development process and how a new product eventually finds its way into clinical use. Some of the newer drugs and delivery techniques applied to small animals are reviewed. 相似文献
3.
R D Ness 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》1999,2(3):591-620, vi
The clinical pathology of some of the less common and newly emerging small mammal species is detailed in this article. The species covered here include the chinchilla, prairie dog, African hedgehog, and sugar glider. Venipuncture sites and sampling techniques are discussed in general and for each species. Detailed information on the hematology and serum biochemistry values of these animals is presented in numerous tables. Specific information is also provided for urinalysis, fecal analysis, dermatologic sampling, and cytology. 相似文献
4.
This article reviews anesthetics and anesthetic techniques applicable to small laboratory animals. Anesthetic and analgesic dosage tables are presented for each species to guide the practitioner. The actions of the various agents are reviewed in the text, and key references are presented. Surgical considerations are also reviewed. 相似文献
5.
Transvenous pacing therapy is a life-saving technique for patients with clinically significant bradyarrhythmias. For most symptomatic bradyarrhythmias in small animals, there is no effective substitute for cardiac pacing. The methods employed for pacemaker placement, although potentially time-consuming, are not technically difficult. This article discusses the indications, techniques, clinical decision-making, and potential complications associated with temporary and permanent transvenous cardiac pacing. 相似文献
6.
小动物麻醉药物及麻醉技术研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着人们生活水平的提高,家庭饲养小动物日益增多,动物园中观赏性小动物也在增多。小动物饲养数量的增长,导致小动物临床疾病数量的增加。其中相当一部分病例需要进行手术治疗,从而小动物麻醉在疾病治疗中的作用越来越重要。小动物麻醉技术迅速发展,相应的麻醉药物也逐渐更新,为此,对小动物的麻醉药物及麻醉技术的最新进展进行综述,为临床上小动物麻醉提供参考。小动物麻醉药物主要分为吸入性麻醉药物和非吸入性麻醉药物。吸入性麻醉药物种类较少,包括氟烷、异氟烷、甲氧氟烷、地氟烷、七氟烷等;非吸入性麻醉药物种类较多,包括巴比妥类、氯胺酮类、丙泊酚、依托咪酯、替来他明、阿法沙龙、846合剂等。小动物麻醉技术包括吸入诱导麻醉、静脉诱导麻醉和硬膜外麻醉。随着麻醉药新制剂不断开发和给药手段不断更新,小动物麻醉在提高药物临床效应、降低不良反应、保证动物安全舒适等方面不断发展,从而不断提高小动物麻醉的安全性。 相似文献
7.
Lichtenberger M 《Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice》2004,19(2):88-95
The decision to transfuse a patient should always be based on the packed cell volume and clinical status of the patient. This article discusses indications for transfusion and blood substitutes in exotic animal patients. The administration of blood products requires careful donor selection, knowledge of blood groups, cross-matching, and use of anticoagulants. Collection sites, volume, and administration techniques are given for different species of animals including birds, rabbits, and ferrets. Blood-transfusion therapy is not without risk. The frequency with which transfusion reactions occur in exotic pets is unknown. The most common transfusion reactions seen in small animals, along with suggested treatment, are discussed. The availability of blood products is limited in exotic pet medicine; therefore, the use of blood substitutes (Oxyglobin) has the advantage of long storage potential, no need for cross-matching, and no potential for disease transmission. General principles of blood substitutes and administration techniques will be discussed. 相似文献
8.
T L Lightfoot 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》1999,2(2):447-69, vii
Veterinarians in small animal practice are being presented with an ever-increasing number of exotic species. It has become critical that veterinarians expand their professional knowledge to include the basic procedures necessary for the proper diagnosis and therapy of these animals. Yet the husbandry, temperaments, physiology, and anatomy of many of these species make extrapolation from our well-developed techniques in dog and cat medicine inadequate. This article discusses some of the major species concerns and clinical findings of chinchillas, hedgehogs, prairie dogs, and sugar gliders presented to the veterinary practitioner. Practical techniques for evaluation of these animals with minimal stress (to the animal, the practitioner, and the client) and maximum efficiency are addressed. 相似文献
9.
This article reviews the use of common diagnostic tools for the identification and isolation of dermatophyte infections in small animals. The use of the Wood's lamp as a screening tool is discussed, along with its usefulness as an aid in the microscopic examination of hairs for fungal elements. Tests for the definitive diagnosis of dermatophytosis are highlighted and include: direct examination of hair for ectothrix spores, fungal cultures, and skin biopsy. Sampling techniques, procedures, and interpretation of test results are also detailed. 相似文献
10.
WALTER E. WEIRICH D.V.M. PH.D. WILLIAM E. BLEVINS D.V.M. M.S. 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1978,7(1):2-7
Twelve dogs and one cat were operated to close a ventricular septal defect. The method of patient selection, associated lesions, techniques used to correct the defect and significance to the total population of small animals with congenital lesions is discussed. Ten of 13 animals survived surgery. When indicated, this procedure can be safely performed to correct ventricular septal defect. 相似文献
11.
分子生物学技术在水产动物疾病诊断和预防中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目前,分子生物技术在水产动物疾病诊断及预防中得到广泛应用。根据国内外研究的动向,本文对应用于水产动物疾病诊断及防治中的分子生物学技术进行了综述,阐明其原理、特点及应用,为水产动物疾病分子水平上的诊断提供参考。 相似文献
12.
Advances in interventional radiology and surgical techniques now allow complex abdominal diseases to be more successfully treated in small animals. Abdominal vascular alterations, acquired as individual process or as complication of other lesions such as neoplasia, can be life‐threatening or at least greatly limit curative interventions of underlying diseases. Computed tomography (CT) and high‐definition ultrasonography are now readily available in veterinary referral centers. Yet, there is little information currently available on the use of these modalities for the diagnosis and characterization of these vascular alterations. The purpose of this article is to review the CT and ultrasonographic findings of acquired vascular diseases in the abdomen of dogs and cats, using both the veterinary and human medicine literature as references, and highlighting essential concepts through figures. 相似文献
13.
Christoph Mans 《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2013,22(2):141-162
The diagnosis and treatment of digestive system disorders in reptile species continues to provide challenges owing to the differences in anatomy and physiology in this diverse group of animals. Continued research efforts into diagnostic techniques, in particular imaging (e.g., contrast radiography and ultrasonography), of gastrointestinal tract have resulted in clinical advancements for practicing veterinarians. The aim of this article is to provide veterinarians up-to-date and clinically relevant summaries on the diagnosis and therapy of digestive system disorders of reptiles commonly maintained as companion animals. 相似文献
14.
Matthew E Braun J Jill Heatley John Chitty 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2006,9(2):205-21, v
This article highlights techniques and equipment needed to successfully restrain, diagnose, and treat gastropods (including snails and slugs) and arthropods (including spiders, scorpions, honey-bees, cockroaches, silkworms, phasmids, centipedes, and millipedes). A review of current clinical techniques for invertebrates kept as pets and those kept for agricultural use is provided. The specific techniques of restraint, assessment of hydration, fluid therapy, diagnostic sampling, imaging, exoskeleton repair, ectoparasite control and removal, euthanasia, and postmortem examination are reviewed for use in the invertebrate patient. The authors intend this article to stimulate further research and reporting on appropriate and humane techniques for use in these species and to increase the ability of the veterinary practitioner to successfully attend to these animals. 相似文献
15.
This article illustrates the roles of ultrasonography, scintigraphy, and computed tomography (CT) as alternative techniques for pulmonary imaging in small animals. The advantages and limitations of each modality, normal anatomic features, and technical considerations will be discussed. Selected applications will be examined and include pulmonary consolidation, neoplasia and other masses, atelectasis, pneumothorax, dystrophic mineralization, diffuse infiltrative disease, and pulmonary embolism. The use of ultrasound and CT-guided interventional procedures will also be briefly discussed. 相似文献
16.
Stephen M Dyer Erika L Cervasio 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2008,11(3):423-443
As more data about blood test results become available, blood sampling becomes increasingly important as a diagnostic tool. The increased availability of biochemistry analyzers that sample small volumes of blood has made it possible to get diagnostic profiles and hematology results from pets that have only small volumes of blood to contribute. This article describes techniques for restraint, phlebotomy, and sample preparation of several of the more popular exotic animals in the pet trade. The species covered include birds, lizards, chelonians, snakes, frogs, salamanders, fish, rabbits, ferrets, guinea pigs, mice, rats, hamsters, gerbils, hedgehogs, sugar gliders, and giant spiders (tarantulas). 相似文献
17.
The increasing use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in small animals has resulted in the development of new and innovative additions to this class of drugs. Examples of NSAIDs now available for use in small animals include aspirin, etodolac, carprofen, ketoprofen, meloxicam, deracoxib, and tepoxalin. The purposes of this article are to review the pathophysiology of prostaglandin synthesis and inhibition, the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological effects, and potential adverse reactions of aspirin and the newly released NSAIDs. 相似文献
18.
Tjatur Rasa FS Saito T Satoh H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1999,61(2):125-128
The in vivo toxic-hemolytic studies using small experimental animals are complicated by difficulties in preventing hemolysis during repeated collection of blood specimens and in measuring hemoglobin concentration in small amounts of plasma sample. To solve these problems we tried to develope the new techniques for the in vivo hemolysis studies using guinea pigs. The hemolysis accident was minimized to 2.75 mg/dl by collecting the blood directly into heparinized microhematocrit tubes by small longitudinal incision in the auricular artery. The hemoglobin in a small amount of sample (10 microliters) was determined by the new analytical system using a microflow spectrophotometer with a modified cyanmethemoglobin method. The standard curve of the hemoglobin concentration in the system revealed a line of Y = 1.8X + 0.79 (r = 0.999), CV < 1% with a minimum detectable concentration of 1.25 mg/dl. By using the new techniques, it was found that the plasma hemoglobin concentration in normal animals were 7.27 +/- 0.44 mg/dl (mean +/- S.E.). The in vivo hemolytic activity of saponin was observed dose-dependently at doses of 30-50 mg/kg, i.v. in the guinea pigs. It is concluded that the present techniques are useful for in vivo hemolytic studies in small experimental animals such as guinea pigs. 相似文献
19.
Objective To provide a detailed discussion of the aetiology and pathophysiology of hiatal hernia in both humans and small animals, and review current medical and surgical treatments.
Design Review article.
Summary Hiatal hernia is not completely understood in humans or animals. It has a complex multifactorial aetiology and pathophysiology. A primary disturbance of the lower oesophageal sphincter has not been shown in humans or animals. Knowledge of pathophysiology is necessary to institute appropriate treatment.
Medical and/or surgical therapy is not indicated in asymptomatic cases. Medical treatment should be used for up to 1 month in stable cases of sliding hiatal hernia. Paraoesophageal hiatal hernias and any large sliding hiatal hernia should be considered for prompt surgical treatment. Surgical techniques used depend on the type of hiatal hernia present.
Surgical treatment of hiatal hernia cases should be performed by experienced surgeons, and must include hiatal closure and gastropexy. The Nissen fundoplication procedure has been discontinued in the veterinary field due to poor success rates, coupled with the published view that there is a marked difference in pathophysiology between humans and dogs. Reported complications associated with the original Nissen fundoplication technique are identical in the human and veterinary literature. There have been no complications reported with use of the modified or 'floppy' Nissen fundoplica-tion in dogs. Both oesophagopexy and Nissen fundoplication require further evaluation in small animals. 相似文献
Design Review article.
Summary Hiatal hernia is not completely understood in humans or animals. It has a complex multifactorial aetiology and pathophysiology. A primary disturbance of the lower oesophageal sphincter has not been shown in humans or animals. Knowledge of pathophysiology is necessary to institute appropriate treatment.
Medical and/or surgical therapy is not indicated in asymptomatic cases. Medical treatment should be used for up to 1 month in stable cases of sliding hiatal hernia. Paraoesophageal hiatal hernias and any large sliding hiatal hernia should be considered for prompt surgical treatment. Surgical techniques used depend on the type of hiatal hernia present.
Surgical treatment of hiatal hernia cases should be performed by experienced surgeons, and must include hiatal closure and gastropexy. The Nissen fundoplication procedure has been discontinued in the veterinary field due to poor success rates, coupled with the published view that there is a marked difference in pathophysiology between humans and dogs. Reported complications associated with the original Nissen fundoplication technique are identical in the human and veterinary literature. There have been no complications reported with use of the modified or 'floppy' Nissen fundoplica-tion in dogs. Both oesophagopexy and Nissen fundoplication require further evaluation in small animals. 相似文献
20.
OBJECTIVE: To provide a detailed discussion of the aetiology and pathophysiology of hiatal hernia in both humans and small animals, and review current medical and surgical treatments. DESIGN: Review article. SUMMARY: Hiatal hernia is not completely understood in humans or animals. It has a complex multifactorial aetiology and pathophysiology. A primary disturbance of the lower oesophageal sphincter has not been shown in humans or animals. Knowledge of pathophysiology is necessary to institute appropriate treatment. Medical and/or surgical therapy is not indicated in asymptomatic cases. Medical treatment should be used for up to 1 month in stable cases of sliding hiatal hernia. Paraoesophageal hiatal hernias and any large sliding hiatal hernia should be considered for prompt surgical treatment. Surgical techniques used depend on the type of hiatal hernia present. Surgical treatment of hiatal hernia cases should be performed by experienced surgeons, and must include hiatal closure and gastropexy. The Nissen fundoplication procedure has been discontinued in the veterinary field due to poor success rates, coupled with the published view that there is a marked difference in pathophysiology between humans and dogs. Reported complications associated with the original Nissen fundoplication technique are identical in the human and veterinary literature. There have been no complications reported with use of the modified or 'floppy' Nissen fundoplication in dogs. Both oesophagopexy and Nissen fundoplication require further evaluation in small animals. 相似文献