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以2株茶薪菇为试材,研究比较了其多糖深层发酵的培养特征及发酵的控制条件。结果表明:茶薪菇多糖发酵罐深层培养以26℃,pH 6.5,150~250r/min搅拌,0.03~0.05MPa罐压,0.2~0.4m3/h通风,发酵96h较适宜;菌丝胞内多糖达937~1 080mg/g。2个菌株罐批培养多糖高峰期与摇瓶一致,但产量略高,较固体栽培子实体多糖高1.3~1.5倍,时间缩短12倍。比较发现,菌株U27厚垣孢子数量较多,液体培养效果较好,摇瓶种子菌球小而齐,直径1.0~2.0mm,密度(1.5~2.5)×103个/mL,液体深层发酵的菌丝多糖达1 080mg/g,为子实体多糖的1.5倍,是1株良好的多糖深层发酵的生产菌株。 相似文献
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绞股蓝茶薪菇液体发酵保健饮料的研制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
绞股蓝、茶薪菇均具有很高的药用保健价值。试验以黄豆浆为氮源,葡萄糖为碳源,采用液体深层发酵技术,对茶薪菇菌丝体发酵培养的摇瓶装液量、摇瓶转速、最适发酵温度以及不同浓度的绞股蓝提取液对茶薪菇菌丝生长的影响进行了探讨。结果表明:茶薪菇菌丝体生长的最佳摇瓶装液量为50mL/250mL,摇瓶转速为150r/min,最适发酵温度为25℃,最适绞股蓝提取液浓度为10g/L。采用正交试验,调配出具有良好感观性状的保健饮料,最佳调配配方如下:柠檬酸0.2%,苹果酸0.08%,白砂糖8%,蛋白糖0.04%,果胶0.1%,CMC0.2%。 相似文献
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赤芝G2深层发酵优化模式的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以菌丝体生物量为主要指标,研究了发酵培养基中不同碳源、氮源、C/N比、无机元素等营养因子和接种量、装液量、初始pH、转速等非营养因素对赤芝G2菌丝生长的影响。研究结果表明,赤芝G2规模发酵最适培养基配方为：豆饼粉2％,玉米粉3％,KH2PO40．1％和MgSO40．05％。发酵76h,菌丝体生物量最高(1．15g/100mL);发酵62h,胞内多糖含量最高(22．15％);发酵60h,胞外多糖含量最高(3．16％)。赤芝G2菌丝深层发酵的优化条件为：起始pH自然,种子液摇瓶装量40％,规模培养装液量20％,接种量10％,发酵培养时间76h。 相似文献
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为了优化液体发酵环境条件,通过向培养基中添加吲哚乙酸(IAA),改变培养基成分组成的方法,研究吲哚乙酸对黑脉羊肚菌发酵培养产胞外SOD酶以及菌丝体生长的影响。结果表明,黑脉羊肚菌发酵培养过程中,最适菌丝体生长的培养条件为温度28℃,初始p H7,培养时间9 d;最适产酶的培养条件为温度20℃,初始p H5.5,培养时间5 d;IAA添加浓度为1.0μg·m L~(-1)时,菌丝体重量最大为14.03 g·L~(-1),浓度为2.5μg·m L~(-1)时,相对酶活性达到最高。 相似文献
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以香菇(Lentinula edodes)808菌株为试验材料,通过单因素实验探讨不同热胁迫起始时间、胁迫温度、胁迫持续时间和恢复培养时间对香菇液体发酵胞内和胞外多糖总含量的影响,并采用正交试验L9(34)研究促进香菇多糖生物合成的最佳热胁迫条件。单因素实验结果表明,热胁迫温度、起始时间、持续时间和静置恢复时间4个因素对香菇多糖生物合成均有影响,正交试验筛选的最佳条件为热胁迫温度40℃,热胁迫起始时间为液体发酵第7.5天,胁迫持续时间9h,热胁迫后25℃静置恢复18h,在此条件下,香菇液体发酵产物多糖含量(胞内和胞外多糖总含量)为4.25g/L,是未做热胁迫处理多糖总含量(2.67g/L)的1.6倍。 相似文献
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本文对美味牛肝菌(Boletus edulis)液体发酵生产粗多糖的培养基和发酵条件进行了筛选.在实验范围内,美味牛肝菌发酵生产粗多糖的最适培养基配方为:马铃薯10.0%,蔗糖2.0%,蛋白胨0.6%,KH2PO40.3%,MgSO4·7H2O 0.2%,CaCO3 0.2%,ZnSO4·7H2O 0.1%.在初始pH 5.0～5.4,振荡转速120 r/min,培养温度25～28℃,250 mL三角瓶中装液量40%,加10颗玻璃珠,发酵时间5 d时摇瓶培养粗多糖产量最高,达3.161 g/L.经10 L机械搅拌发酵罐放大动态实验,研究pH值、溶氧、菌丝生物量(湿重)以及粗多糖产量的变化,可知最适发酵时间为96 h. 相似文献
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Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden. 相似文献
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AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β-particles emission from 188Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by 188Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [3H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of 188Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from 188 Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G0/G1 arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation. 相似文献
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AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration. 相似文献
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GONG Yong-sheng LI Ji-wu YANG Peng-lin FAN Xiao-fang HU Liang-gang ZHENG Lü-zhen JIANG Zhong-sun 《园艺学报》2003,19(9):1261-1264
AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling. 相似文献
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AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α1-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α1-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α1-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α1-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(3):101-120
Abstract Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(1):139-156
Abstract This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species. 相似文献
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Habitat for wide-ranging species should be addressed at multiple scales to fully understand factors that limit populations.
The marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus), a threatened seabird, forages on the ocean and nests inland in large trees. We developed statistical relationships between
murrelet use (occupancy and abundance) and habitat variables quantified across many spatial scales (statewide to local) and
two time periods in California and southern Oregon, USA. We also addressed (1) if old-growth forest fragmentation was negatively
associated with murrelet use, and (2) if some nesting areas are more important than others due to their proximity to high
quality marine habitat. Most landscapes used for nesting were restricted to low elevation areas with frequent fog. Birds were
most abundant in unfragmented old-growth forests located within a matrix of mature second-growth forest. Murrelets were less
likely to occupy old-growth habitat if it was isolated (> 5 km) from other nesting murrelets. We found a time lag in response
to fragmentation, where at least a few years were required before birds abandoned fragmented forests. Compared to landscapes
with little tono murrelet use, landscapes with many murrelets were closer to the ocean's bays, river mouths, sandy shores,
submarine canyons, and marine waters with consistently high primary productivity. Within local landscapes (≤ 800ha), inland
factors limited bird abundance, but at the broadest landscape scale studied (3200 ha), proximity to marine habitat was most
limiting. Management should focus on protecting or creating large, contiguous old-growth forest stands, especially in low-elevation
areas near productive marine habitat.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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ZENG Qing JIN Xian-rong WANG Di-xun HONG Zhi-gang HAO Tian-ling XIONG Zong-bin SUN Bing-yong 《园艺学报》2001,17(7):614-617
AIM: To detect the role of cyclic nucleotides in the alleviation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in chronic hypoxic animals. METHODS: The intracellular cAMP and cGMP of the cultured porcine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and endothelial cells (PAEC) were assayed by RIA. The length of single PASMC during acute hypoxia was measured by imaging analysis system. RESULTS: The basal levels of cAMP and cGMP in PASMC and cGMP in PAEC of Chronic hypoxic groups decreased remarkably compared with normoxic groups (P＜0.01). Under acute hypoxia, the contents of cAMP and cGMP in PASMC of chronic hypoxic groups increased significantly (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, the percentage of PASMC with weak constrictive response in chronic hypoxic group was higher than that of control group. CONCLUSION:It's suggested that the changes of cAMP and cGMP in chronic hypoxic PASMC and PAEC might contribute to the increase in the basic tension of pulmonary artery and the alleviation of HPV in chronic hypoxic animals. 相似文献