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1.
为研究埋植褪黑激素的水貂(Mustela vison)冬季直针毛生长过程及形态学性状的特点,测量埋植褪黑激素后31 d、62 d和75 d的水貂鲜皮腹部、背部和臀部新生冬季直针毛的毛长度、毛最粗处细度、毛根无髓段长度及毛根扁平型鳞片总长度等形态学指标。统计分析结果表明:埋植褪黑激素31 d后,水貂3个部位均出现了新生冬季直针毛;且臀部的新生冬季直针毛的毛长度最大,单位面积上新生冬季直针毛数量最多。埋植褪黑激素后31 d至62 d冬季直针毛的平均生长速度为:腹部(0. 33±0. 07) mm/d、背部(0. 44±0. 07) mm/d、臀部(0. 45±0. 08) mm/d,埋植褪黑激素后62 d至75 d冬季直针毛的平均生长速度为:腹部(0. 25±0. 06) mm/d、背部(0. 29±0. 10) mm/d、臀部(0. 36±0. 03) mm/d,均表现为臀部>背部>腹部的情形。埋植褪黑激素后31 d至62 d的冬季直针毛平均生长速度较快;埋植褪黑激素后62 d至75 d的冬季直针毛平均生长速度降低。冬季直针毛的长度与毛根无髓段长度、毛根扁平型鳞片总长度相关性不显著(P>0. 05);毛最粗处细度与毛根无髓段长度、毛根扁平型鳞片总长度相关性不显著(P>0. 05);毛根无髓段长度与毛根扁平型鳞片总长度呈极显著正相关(P <0. 01)。判断水貂取皮时间时,可以选择冬季直针毛的毛根无髓段长度作为指标。  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

Seasonal moulting was studied by quantitative histology and external observations in adult male raccoon dogs. Moulting of the underfur hairs is characterized by a heavy loss of old winter hair in spring and an intensive growth of new winter hair in autumn. Only few mature and growing underfur hairs were found in the hair cover in summer. The new intermediate and large guard hairs started to develop in April and May. All the new guard hairs had developed by the end of June. About 7 and 3.5 months were needed for the growth of new winter guard and underfur hairs respectively. At the end of November the winter fur was mature. The bundles with an intermediate guard hair contained more underfur hairs than the bundles with a large guard hair in the mature winter fur. The thickness of dermis and the grade of skin colour peaked in the autumn moult, indicating a close relation to the activity of hair follicles.  相似文献   

3.
Medullary trichomalacia is the name proposed for a hair shaft abnormality that was recognized in 6 German shepherd dogs. Affected dogs had multifocal areas of broken hairs, especially on the dorsolateral trunk. Microscopic examination of hair shafts revealed focal areas of loss of architecture, swelling, and apparent softening of the medulla, followed by longitudinal (length-wise) splitting and breakage of the hair shaft. No cause could be found. Affected dogs were otherwise healthy, and apparent spontaneous recovery was the usual outcome. Relapses may occur.  相似文献   

4.
Mid-rib hair coat samples (n = 577) were obtained from 9- to 10-mo-old Hereford and Angus bulls and heifers to examine diet and breed differences in hair coat characteristics and their relationship to 168-d postweaning gain. Each sample was cleaned and subdivided into guard hairs and undercoat. Dependent variables included the number, weight, length, diameter and percentage of medullation of guard hairs and undercoat. Sources of variation included breed, sire nested within breed, year (1965 or 1966), sex of calf, diet fed during the postweaning gain test (2 parts rolled grain:1 part chopped hay vs all chopped hay) and the linear regression on age of calf as a covariate. Factor analysis was used to transform the 10 hair coat variables into a set of four factors that accounted for 71% of the total variance of the original variables. Angus cattle tended to have shorter, less medullated coats (Factor 1), shorter, larger diameter undercoat hairs and guard hairs with less medullation than Herefords. Sire within breed differences existed for weight, length, and diameter of both types of hairs and all four factors. Compared with the medium-energy-diet, the high-energy diet reduced hair weight per unit of surface area, undercoat number and guard hair medullation. Undercoat density (Factor 3) was reduced by the higher-energy diet (P less than .001), whereas guard hair density (Factor 2) was not changed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

5.
Eight cases of glomerular disease in young, related Abyssinian cats are described. Haematuria was the most consistent feature. Six cats developed the nephrotic syndrome. The short-term prognosis was good for cats with haematuria and fair for cats with the nephrotic syndrome as oedema resolved in three of the six cats. Light microscopic examination of renal biopsies from three cats was considered normal or revealed only mild abnormalities. In the three cases subjected to necropsy, histological abnormalities included mild mesangial hypercellularity and adhesions between the glomerular tuft and Bowman's capsule consistent with a focal proliferative glomerulopathy. Further investigation into this glomerulopathy will require ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies to characterise the glomerular abnormality and genetic analyses to investigate its potential to be an inherited disease. Glomerular disease, potentially a familial one, should be considered in the investigation of persistent haematuria or proteinuria in Abyssinian and related cats.  相似文献   

6.
Serum amyloid A (SAA) protein concentration was determined by use of radial immunodiffusion (RID) in 4 groups of cats: Abyssinian cats with amyloidosis, healthy Abyssinian cats without clinical evidence of amyloidosis, hospitalized non-Abyssinian cats, and clinically normal non-Abyssinian cats. Mean SAA concentration in Abyssinian cats with amyloidosis was significantly (P = 0.05) higher than mean SAA concentration in healthy Abyssinian cats without clinical evidence of amyloidosis and in hospitalized non-Abyssinian cats. Mean SAA concentration in clinically normal non-Abyssinian cats was significantly (P = 0.05) lower than mean SAA concentration in healthy Abyssinian cats without clinical evidence of amyloidosis and in hospitalized non-Abyssinian cats. Affected and healthy Abyssinian cats, however, could not reliably be distinguished on the basis of SAA concentration, because of the wide range of SAA values in these 2 groups of cats.  相似文献   

7.
From 1981 to 2001, 248 Abyssinian and 127 Somali cats in the Netherlands were examined for hereditary eye disease. Distinct ophthalmoscopic signs consistent with hereditary progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) were observed in 11 Abyssinian cats, and subtle signs in 3 Abyssinian cats. A familial relationship was detected in 13 out of 14 of these cats, which supports a hereditary basis to the condition. Distinct funduscopic signs of retinal degeneration were observed at a median age of 4 years. One cat with advanced retinal degeneration was only 7 months old, whereas the remaining 10 cats were between 2 and 12 years old at the time of diagnosis. These differences in the age of onset are suggestive of at least two types of PRA occurring in Abyssinian cats in the Netherlands: a dysplastic, early-onset and a late-onset retinal degeneration. A large-scale and systematic examination programme for hereditary eye disease will be necessary to assess the incidence of PRA in the Dutch population of Abyssinian and Somali cats as a whole, and to provide a basis for a preventive breeding programme.  相似文献   

8.
OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical and clinicopathologic features of a chronic intermittent severe hemolytic anemia characterized by erythrocyte osmotic fragility in Abyssinian and Somali cats. DESIGN: Case series. ANIMALS: 13 Abyssinian and 5 Somali cats. PROCEDURES: History, pedigree information, and results of routine laboratory tests, special erythrocyte studies, and histologic evaluation of splenic and hepatic specimens were analyzed. RESULTS: Age at which clinical signs of anemia were first apparent ranged from 6 months to 5 years. Ten cats had splenomegaly. Most often, the PCV was between 15 and 25%, but it was as low as 5% at some times. The anemia was characterized by macrocytosis and mild to moderate reticulocytosis, but no poikilocytosis. Hyperglobulinemia, lymphocytosis, mild hyperbilirubinemia, and high hepatic enzyme activities were common findings. Results of Coombs tests and tests for infectious diseases were negative. The erythrocytic osmotic fragility was high in affected cats (mean osmotic fragility, 0.66 to 0.78%), compared with healthy cats (0.48 to 0.58). No specific membrane protein abnormality, erythrocyte enzyme deficiency, or hemoglobinopathy was identified. Histologic evaluation of splenic and hepatic specimens revealed extramedullary hematopoiesis and hemosiderosis. Four of the 5 Somali cats were closely related. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: On the basis of results of pedigree analyses, the apparent breed predilection, and the exclusion of other known causes of anemia in cats, we believe that the hemolytic anemia in these cats was likely a result of a novel hereditary erythrocyte defect. A genetic predisposition to immune-mediated destruction of erythrocytes could not be ruled out.  相似文献   

9.
Pedigrees of 62 Abyssinian cats with familial amyloidosis were compared with those of 100 Abyssinian cats registered with the Cat Fanciers Association. The inbreeding coefficients of the 2 samples of cats were not significantly different. Analysis of the pedigrees with respect to specific ancestors, however, showed that certain cats were significantly more common in the pedigrees of affected cats than in those of cats in the randomly selected sample. These data support a genetic basis for this disease, but do not allow determination of the mode of inheritance.  相似文献   

10.
The coat of a goat, like that of many mammalian species, consists of an outer coat of coarse hairs and an under coat of fine, downy hairs. The coarse guard hairs are produced by primary follicles and the finer cashmere hairs by secondary follicles. We previously reported that hair keratins are components of cashmere hair, and proteomic analysis revealed that their expression is elevated in winter coat hair. To determine detailed characterization, we have cloned keratin 33A gene, a major highly expressed keratin in winter, and then analyzed the expression of goat hair coat. By Western analysis, we detected that keratin 33A protein is expressed only in hair coat among the various goat tissues. Moreover, the expression level in winter has increased in cashmere high‐producing Korean native breed, whereas the expression levels between summer and winter had not changed in cashmere low‐producing Saanen. In addition, by immunohistochemistry we determined that keratin 33A is localized in the major cortex portion of cashmere fiber. These results confirm that keratin 33A is a structural protein of goat cashmere hair fiber.  相似文献   

11.
Eight healthy dogs of mixed breeds with short hair coats were used in this study. The skin and the hair of a small area on the left side of the saddle region were dyed 80 times once every day with a permanent hair dye, Clairol Hair Dye Flaxen Blonde. The dyed regions were red and dry toward the last two weeks of the experiment. None of the dogs had abnormal hair shedding. Four of the dogs were restless, and their epidermis were parakeratotic and hyperkeratotic.
The cuticular cells of the hair shafts of two dogs upon examination showed deep fractures at the lower part of the hair shaft. The fractures extended through the whole thickness of the cuticular cells leading to splitting of the hair shaft. Secondary hairs showed excessive peeling of their cuticle cells causing distortion and deterioration of the cortex of the hair. Cuticular cells of large numbers of hairs lost their apical parts and some of them were deformed due to partial dissolution attributed to the intensive use of the hair dye. The intensive usage of the hair dye on the compound type of hair coat of the dog caused damage to the hair shafts and to the skin in the form of irritation, dryness and parakeratosis of the epidermis. Also, some of the dogs became restless and hyperactive during the later part of the experiment.  相似文献   

12.
We report a congenital follicular dysplasia in five coatis from four different litters of the same parents born between 1996 and 2001. These coatis were born apparently alopecic with the entire body covered by very short dark hairs, with secondary lichenification of the skin, crusting and scaling. The main histopathological feature consisted of premature cornification of the cortical cells of the hair shaft. Cells were already fully cornified below the Adamson's fringe, leading to a disorganized, fragmented and constricted hair shaft. Based on the history of the animals and the nature of the lesions, a genetic defect in hair shaft keratinization was suspected.  相似文献   

13.
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14.
The impact of anatomic location on trichogram analysis of the hair cycle phases was evaluated in 15 clinically normal dogs. The purposes of this study were to determine if the number of hairs in anagen and telogen vary among anatomic sites within a dog and to see whether there is an optimal region to sample hairs for canine trichogram evaluation of the hair cycle phases. In each dog eight sites were sampled. Four (26.7%) of the 15 dogs had no significant differences in the number of hairs in anagen and telogen among the eight body sites examined. Nine (81.8%) of the remaining 11 dogs had only one site that revealed significant differences in the number of hairs in anagen or telogen. In seven (77.8%) of these dogs only the anagen differed significantly, and in two (22.2%) dogs both phases differed significantly. Two (18.2%) dogs revealed two sites with significant differences in the number of hairs in anagen. The number of hairs in anagen and telogen in the shoulder area did not vary significantly in any of the dogs. This observation, coupled with the ease of sampling at this site, indicates that the shoulder is the site of choice when studying variations in ratios of hair cycle phases using unit area trichogram. Our results also suggest that numbers of telogen and anagen hairs from body regions with different hair shaft lengths do not vary significantly, and the occasional inconsistent results noted at some body sites might be due to sample collection technique.  相似文献   

15.
The effect of different dietary protein levels and DL‐methionine (Met) supplementation on hair growth and the resulting pelt quality in mink was studied. Four groups of male mink were fed with four isocaloric diets containing 32% (P32), 24% (P24), 16% (P16) or P24+Met (0.8%) crude protein of dry matter (DM) from September to December. Skin biopsies were taken at the pelting. Histological techniques and computer‐assisted light microscopy were used to determine the ratio of activity (ROA) of under hairs and guard hairs respectively. The results showed that when the dietary protein level reduced from 32% to 16%, body length, number and diameter of under hairs and guard hairs of minks declined, and pelt length and pelt weight of minks decreased significantly (p < 0.05). These parameters were similar between P32 and P24 with Met supplementation (p > 0.05). The hair follicle density of the winter coat was not influenced by the dietary protein levels and Met supplementation (p > 0.05). Low‐protein diets content led to a reduction of hair follicle developing to next phase. It was documented that 24% crude protein of DM with Met supplementation during growing‐furring period was sufficient for minks to express their genetic capacity to develop hair follicles and achieve the prime fur characteristics. Overall this study demonstrated that hair growth and hair properties in pelts are very dependent on the dietary protein and Met supply in the growing‐furring period of minks.  相似文献   

16.
本研究以银蓝水貂为材料,对6个世代的1686只水貂的生长记录进行统计分析,分析性别及年份对水貂体重、体长、针毛长、绒毛长和针、绒毛长比率的表型趋势影响。利用多性动物模型约束最大似然法（REML）估计以上水貂生产性状的遗传力和遗传相关。在模型中考虑了年份和性别固定效应,随机效应为个体的加性效应。结果表明,各性状遗传力均较高,其中体重为0.41,体长为0.53,针毛长为0.53,绒毛长为0.52,针、绒毛长比率为0.52。除针、绒毛长比率与其他性状间呈表型负相关（-0.218、-0.178、-0.074、-0.425）外,各性状间均为表型正相关（分别为0.289、0.882、0.869、0.806、0.788、0.930）。体长与绒毛长、针、绒毛长比率呈现遗传负相关（-0.941、-0.983）,其他均为较强的遗传正相关,分别为0.983、0.731、0.972、0.981、0.622、0.992、0.641、0.987。  相似文献   

17.
Based on a computer‐assisted method and regression analysis, several structural parameters of the hair cuticula pattern of primary hairs of 94 wild mammals and 44 breeds of 10 domesticated mammals were evaluated and compared between both groups. Biologically relevant relationships between the parameters examined could only be obtained for the wild animals. In this way domestication‐induced defects became evident for the hair cuticula pattern that is a typical structural feature of the hair shaft.  相似文献   

18.
Cortisol concentrations are frequently measured from a variety of sources including blood, saliva, urine, and feces to quantify stress in dogs. However, a need still exists for less intrusive collection methods in domestic animals and for more efficient means of measuring basal cortisol. The objectives of the present study were to minimize restraint for saliva sampling, to validate hair for basal cortisol measurement in dogs, and to determine concentrations of cortisol within the hair shaft and in relation to hair color. Using food luring, 79% of dogs required no restraint for saliva collection. Salivary and hair cortisol concentrations were positively correlated (P = 0.001), thus validating hair as a medium for basal cortisol quantification. Black dogs had less cortisol than nonblack dogs (P = 0.039) in hair, but not saliva. Across dogs, the average amount of cortisol did not differ between proximal and distal hair sections (P = 0.348). However, for 7 of the 9 dogs, more cortisol was present in the distal portions of the hair. We observed a difference in cortisol concentrations among hairs of different colors from individual dogs (P = 0.001). From the same 7 × 7 cm ischiatic patch from the same dog, black (eumelanin) hairs were consistently lower in cortisol than yellow (pheomelanin) hairs, and cortisol concentrations of agouti hairs were intermediate. This is the first evidence that hair of different colors might sequester cortisol differently.  相似文献   

19.
水獭针毛形态结构的稳定性与变异性的系统研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
选用非明显季节性换毛的水獭皮为实验材料，通过扫描电子显微镜观察毛的微观结构并系统比较了不同个体的相同身体部位、同一个体的不同部位以及不同生长阶段的各种针毛在微观结构上的差异性与稳定性。结果表明，水獭针毛的微观结构既有种的稳定性，也有因不同部位和不同生长阶段等的结构差异．从而提出应用毛的微观结构进行兽类分类与鉴别必须把握毛的类型、毛的生长阶段及所处的身体部位的可比性。  相似文献   

20.
A total of 181 dermatologically healthy pet cats from 177 different households, attending a veterinary clinic, were sampled for the presence of dermatophytes by a modified MacKenzie hair brush technique. Microsporum canis was the only dermatophyte recovered and was isolated from four cats (2.2 per cent) from four different households. In addition to clinical details, owners were questioned about the environment and management of all the cats sampled. The data regarding the cats from which M canis was recovered showed little variation from that of the culture-negative cats except that all four cats were from multi-cat (more than two cats) households, whereas only 35 per cent of the culture-negative cats were from a similar environment. The viability of M canis in infected feline hairs stored at room temperature was maintained for between 13 and 18 months.  相似文献   

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