共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
We report the observation of pairing in a gas of atomic fermions with unequal numbers of two components. Beyond a critical polarization, the gas separates into a phase that is consistent with a superfluid paired core surrounded by a shell of normal unpaired fermions. The critical polarization diminishes with decreasing attractive interaction. For near-zero polarization, we measured the parameter beta = -0.54 +/- 0.05, describing the universal energy of a strongly interacting paired Fermi gas, and found good agreement with recent theory. These results are relevant to predictions of exotic new phases of quark matter and of strongly magnetized superconductors. 相似文献
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He RH Hashimoto M Karapetyan H Koralek JD Hinton JP Testaud JP Nathan V Yoshida Y Yao H Tanaka K Meevasana W Moore RG Lu DH Mo SK Ishikado M Eisaki H Hussain Z Devereaux TP Kivelson SA Orenstein J Kapitulnik A Shen ZX 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6024):1579-1583
The nature of the pseudogap phase of cuprate high-temperature superconductors is a major unsolved problem in condensed matter physics. We studied the commencement of the pseudogap state at temperature T* using three different techniques (angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, polar Kerr effect, and time-resolved reflectivity) on the same optimally doped Bi2201 crystals. We observed the coincident, abrupt onset at T* of a particle-hole asymmetric antinodal gap in the electronic spectrum, a Kerr rotation in the reflected light polarization, and a change in the ultrafast relaxational dynamics, consistent with a phase transition. Upon further cooling, spectroscopic signatures of superconductivity begin to grow close to the superconducting transition temperature (T(c)), entangled in an energy-momentum-dependent manner with the preexisting pseudogap features, ushering in a ground state with coexisting orders. 相似文献
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In the current paradigm of cold dark matter cosmology, large-scale structures are assembling through hierarchical clustering of matter. In this process, an important role is played by megaparsec (Mpc)-scale cosmic shock waves, arising in gravity-driven supersonic flows of intergalactic matter onto dark matter-dominated collapsing structures such as pancakes, filaments, and clusters of galaxies. Here, we report Very Large Array telescope observations of giant ( approximately 2 Mpc by 1.6 Mpc), ring-shaped nonthermal radio-emitting structures, found at the outskirts of the rich cluster of galaxies Abell 3376. These structures may trace the elusive shock waves of cosmological large-scale matter flows, which are energetic enough to power them. These radio sources may also be the acceleration sites where magnetic shocks are possibly boosting cosmic-ray particles with energies of up to 10(18) to 10(19) electron volts. 相似文献
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Light transmission through the body wall of living, color-labile desert iguanas (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) was measured by spectrophotometry. In the dark phase, the body wall's absorption of ultraviolet light and visible light was approximately twice that of the body wall in the light phase. The shorter wavelengths of ultraviolet could penetrate the body wall in the light phase but not in the dark phase. The intensity and wavelengths of light which could penetrate the body wall without pigments are potentially mutagenic when judged by bacterial standards. 相似文献
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为明确偏振波谱光态光照参量对蝗虫趋偏响应效应的影响作用,获取蝗虫偏振诱导光场的技术特征,研制蝗虫偏振诱导光源,利用蝗虫偏光响应试验装置测试了蝗虫对紫、蓝部分偏光及线偏光的响应特征,以此优选波谱偏振光态矢量的作用模式,分析偏振波谱光态光照参量对蝗虫偏光响应机制的影响,探讨蝗虫偏光波谱矢量敏感模式变化的原因。结果表明,部分偏光中,紫波谱未引起而蓝波谱导致蝗虫视响应与视趋性敏感矢量发生改变;线偏光中,紫、蓝波谱均影响蝗虫趋偏响应效应的矢量敏感模式,且波谱相同,部分偏光矢量置向模式对蝗虫的操控诱导、视趋强度的调控性优于线偏光,而偏振矢量光态相同,紫波谱的作用效果强于蓝波谱。蝗虫趋偏响应效应与偏振波谱、偏振光态的异质作用效应有关,且线偏紫波谱120°左右置向矢量对蝗虫的诱导效果最强(94.5%),而紫波谱部分偏光左60°及右150°矢量对蝗虫视趋强度的作用效果最强(68.5%);部分偏光矢量置向模式的作用效果与波谱光致性视敏偏振效应有关,且蓝波谱中偏振度越高而光照度越低,矢量模式的操控诱导性越强,紫波谱中偏振度越低而光照度越强,矢量模式对蝗虫趋偏聚集程度的作用效果越强。从而,线偏与部分偏光不同矢量光照交替刺激模式可提高蝗虫趋偏响应敏感性。 相似文献
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Three rhesus monkeys learned to adjust a small illuminated spot to threshold intensity. Then, while dark adapted, they "tracked" their thresholds to stimuli spaced across the visible wavelength spectrum. Spectral sensitivity functions were determined for each animal from these threshold records. The functions agreed well with results obtained from a human subject in the same apparatus, and with the standard human scotopic function defined by the International Commission on Illumination. However, the monkeys' relative sensitivity was slightly higher in the long-wavelength portion of the spectrum. 相似文献
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光照强度对猪粪、牛粪厌氧发酵的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
研究光照强度对猪粪、牛粪厌氧发酵的影响,为沼气池的改进、提高产气量提供参考。试验以猪粪、牛粪为发酵原料,设置0、6、12、24h4组光照梯度处理,在恒温35℃和料液总固体质量分数为8%的条件下进行厌氧发酵。结果显示,不同光照强度下同一发酵原料的产气量差别较大,猪粪、牛粪在12h光照条件下的累积产气量分别是0h光照条件下的(黑暗)1.80、2.34倍;相同的光照强度不同发酵原料产气量存在差别,0h光照条件下(黑暗)猪粪的累积产气量为8136mL,牛粪的累积产气量为3282.5mL;光照条件改变发酵料液的理化性质,使累积产气量与发酵料液的碱度、挥发性脂肪酸(Volatile fatty acids,VFA)、pH值、氨态氮的相关性呈动态变化。 相似文献
10.
Alcock C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5450):74-79
Most of the matter in the Milky Way is invisible to astronomers. Precise numbers are elusive, but it appears that the dark component is 20 times as massive as the visible disk of stars and gas. This dark matter is distributed in space differently than the stars, forming a vast, diffuse halo, more spherical than disklike, which occupies more than 1000 times the volume of the disk of stars. The composition of this dark halo is unknown, but it may comprise a mixture of ancient, degenerate dwarf stars and exotic, hypothetical elementary particles. 相似文献
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Dark matter, proposed decades ago as a speculative component of the universe, is now known to be the vital ingredient in the cosmos: six times more abundant than ordinary matter, one-quarter of the total energy density, and the component that has controlled the growth of structure in the universe. Its nature remains a mystery, but assuming that it is composed of weakly interacting subatomic particles, is consistent with large-scale cosmic structure. However, recent analyses of structure on galactic and subgalactic scales have suggested discrepancies and stimulated numerous alternative proposals. We discuss how studies of the density, demography, history, and environment of smaller-scale structures may distinguish among these possibilities and shed new light on the nature of dark matter. 相似文献
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Oppenheimer BR Hambly NC Digby AP Hodgkin ST Saumon D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,292(5517):698-702
The Milky Way galaxy contains a large, spherical component which is believed to harbor a substantial amount of unseen matter. Recent observations indirectly suggest that as much as half of this "dark matter" may be in the form of old, very cool white dwarfs, the remnants of an ancient population of stars as old as the galaxy itself. We conducted a survey to find faint, cool white dwarfs with large space velocities, indicative of their membership in the galaxy's spherical halo component. The survey reveals a substantial, directly observed population of old white dwarfs, too faint to be seen in previous surveys. This newly discovered population accounts for at least 2 percent of the halo dark matter. It provides a natural explanation for the indirect observations, and represents a direct detection of galactic halo dark matter. 相似文献
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Tomczyk S McIntosh SW Keil SL Judge PG Schad T Seeley DH Edmondson J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5842):1192-1196
Alfvén waves, transverse incompressible magnetic oscillations, have been proposed as a possible mechanism to heat the Sun's corona to millions of degrees by transporting convective energy from the photosphere into the diffuse corona. We report the detection of Alfvén waves in intensity, line-of-sight velocity, and linear polarization images of the solar corona taken using the FeXIII 1074.7-nanometer coronal emission line with the Coronal Multi-Channel Polarimeter (CoMP) instrument at the National Solar Observatory, New Mexico. Ubiquitous upward propagating waves were seen, with phase speeds of 1 to 4 megameters per second and trajectories consistent with the direction of the magnetic field inferred from the linear polarization measurements. An estimate of the energy carried by the waves that we spatially resolved indicates that they are too weak to heat the solar corona; however, unresolved Alfvén waves may carry sufficient energy. 相似文献
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高草草甸不同利用方式下草地土壤养分变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]对乌鲁木齐市南山高草草甸草地不同利用方式下土壤养分变化进行研究,旨在为合理利用该类草地提供相关依据.[方法]采用常规土壤理化测定方法,分析了刈割-放牧杂类草型、刈割-放牧禾草型、刈割型、放牧型4种不同利用方式的高草草甸0～5、5～10、10～20和20～30 cm土壤的养分.[结果]0～30 cm土壤有机质含量随着利用强度的增加而减少,依次为171.559 5、144.818 5、142.419 6和111.163 3 g/kg;全氮含量随放牧强度的增加逐渐增加,全磷和全钾基本没变化,速效氮、速效磷含量随放牧强度的增加逐渐增加.[结论]草地土壤中有机质含量的变化可以作为选择利用方式的直接指标,而速效氮、速效磷、速效钾可以作为辅助依据. 相似文献
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分别用照射强度373.8 mW/cm2的总紫外线,强度为60.6 mW/cm2、波长365 nm的UVA和强度7.8 mW/cm2、波长253.7 nm的UVC对黄曲霉进行照射处理,然后在避光和光照培养两种条件下继续培养,研究了不同波长紫外线照射对黄曲霉菌产毒的影响。试验结果表明:在一定条件下,各波长的最佳抑制率分别为:UVA:53%、UVC:91%、总紫外线:100%;而且在紫外照射强度相同的条件下,避光培养表现出的抑制作用强于光下培养,可能与光修复有关。 相似文献
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On the largest scales, matter is strung out on an intricate pattern known as the cosmic web. The tendrils of this web should reach right into our own cosmic backyard, lacing the Galactic halo with lumps of dark matter. The search for these lumps, lit up by stars that formed within them, is a major astronomical endeavor, although it has failed to find the huge expected population. Is this a dark matter crisis, or does it provide clues to the complexities of gas physics in the early universe? New technologies in the coming decade will reveal the answer. 相似文献
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研究了黄土高原油松人工林土壤养分及化学性质的时空分布特征。结果表明,油松林地土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量及pH值随树龄增加无确定的变化规律;土壤全磷含量随树龄增加按幂函数衰减;土壤交换性钙含量和交换性盐基总量随树龄增加按Logstic模型变化;交换性镁含量随树龄增加按幂函数递增;油松林地土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量随土壤深度的增加按幂函数衰减,土壤全磷、交换性钙和交换性镁含量及交换性盐基总量随土壤深度增加无确定变化规律,但土壤pH值随深度增加按幂函数增加。与撂荒地相比,油松林地土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、全磷、速效磷、交换性钙、交换性镁含量及交换性盐基总量分别增加了46.4%~317.9%,18.7%~234.5%,174.8%~290.3%,19.7%~53.3%,0.6%~54.7%,74.1%~102.6%,6.0%~47.1%和83.7%~114.2%,速效钾则出现了表面富集化现象。表明油松林能够有效改善土壤的养分状况。 相似文献
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光状况对油松苗针叶及叶绿体的吸收光谱和室温荧光光谱性质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
何平 《北京林业大学学报》1989,11(1):12-19
本文对生长在红、绿、蓝光以及遮荫和阳生条件下的油松苗针叶及叶绿体的吸收光谱和室温荧光光谱的性质进行了研究。结果表明:遮荫和红光导致针叶增加对500nm～600nm光的吸收。它们的F_(735)激发光谱在500nm～600nm区有很高的荧光激发活性。针叶在室温下有两个荧光发射峰,F_(735)和F_(685)。它们的性质受光照条件的影响。阴生叶和红生叶的相对荧光强度最大。F_(735)/F_(685)比值阳生叶最小,红生叶最大。针叶、离休叶绿体、PSⅠ、PSⅡ及LHCP等在室温下都发射F_(735)和F_(685)两个荧光峰。并且,扑草净不仅使F_(685)相对荧光强度增大,同时也使F_(735)的相对荧光强度增加。 相似文献
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Silk J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,251(4993):537-541
Halo dark matter, if it is baryonic, may plausibly consist of compact stellar remnants. Jeans mass clouds containing 10(6) to 10(8) solar masses could have efficiently formed stars in the early universe and could plausibly have generated, for a suitably top-heavy stellar initial mass function, a high abundance of neutron stars as well as a small admixture of long-lived low mass stars. Within the resulting clusters of dark remnants, which eventually are tidally disrupted when halos eventually form, captures of neutron stars by non-degenerate stars resulted in formation of close binaries. These evolve to produce, by the present epoch, an observable x-ray signal associated with dark matter aggregations in galaxy halos and galaxy cluster cores. 相似文献