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1.
Objective— To report use of a cementless total hip prosthesis in an alpaca.
Study Design— Case report.
Animals— Alpaca (n=1) with chronic craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation.
Methods— A 2.5-year-old Suri alpaca, 3 months pregnant, was admitted for evaluation of acute onset severe left hind limb lameness (grade 4/5) of 6 weeks duration. After diagnosis of craniodorsal luxation of the left femoral head, total hip replacement (THR) using a cementless implant was performed because of the poor prognosis for reduction of a chronic luxation.
Results— A press-fit prosthesis was used and the alpaca delivered a live cria 8 months later. Persistent mild mechanical lameness remained after surgery, with moderate reduction in mobility of the coxofemoral joint. The prosthesis was stable and correctly positioned at 7 weeks and at 9 months. There was mild exostosis surrounding the proximal aspect of the femur at 9 months, and Steinmann pins used to repair the trochanteric osteotomy were removed because of migration. At 1 year, the alpaca has a slight gait abnormality, remains with the herd on pasture and has been re-bred.
Conclusion— Chronic coxofemoral luxation in an alpaca can be managed by THR.
Clinical Relevance— THR is a viable treatment option in alpacas with severe coxofemoral disease.  相似文献   

2.
An 18‐month‐old male Akita Inu dog developed fever and lameness 8 months after successful transcatheter closure of a patent ductus arteriosus with an Amplatz Canine Duct Occluder (ACDO). Corynebacterium species were cultured from 3 blood samples. Echocardiography showed a vegetative process on the aortic valves. The dog died spontaneously 3 days after development of the initial signs. Necropsy confirmed the presence of bacterial ductal arteritis and myocarditis, and revealed an incomplete endothelialization of the intraductal metal implant. The reason for the lack of (neo)endothelialization of the ACDO remains unknown. We conclude that late‐onset bacterial device‐related ductal arteritis can develop in dogs where the implant is incompletely covered by a protective endothelial layer.  相似文献   

3.
A case of hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to a pulmonary spindle cell sarcoma is described. The 9‐year‐old male cat presented with a 1‐month history of decreased appetite, decreased activity and progressive lameness with swelling and pain of all four limbs. Thoracic radiographs showed a soft tissue opaque mass in the left caudal lung lobe. Radiographs of all limbs showed extensive periosteal new bone formation of uniform opacity demonstrating a ‘palisading’ pattern. The lung mass was removed at exploratory thoracotomy; histopathological examination diagnosed a low‐grade spindle cell sarcoma. Prior to surgery, the cat had a non‐specific conjunctivitis that resolved spontaneously following lobectomy raising the possibility of a paraneoplastic association. The lameness also resolved; six months after surgery, the periosteal palisading of new bone on the long bones had remodelled, and there was no evidence of pulmonary metastases.  相似文献   

4.
A supraglenoid tuberosity avulsion fracture was diagnosed in a five-month-old dog, which was presented with a non-weightbearing lameness of the right forelimb after being involved in a road traffic accident. Arthroscopy allowed associated cartilaginous, capsular and ligamentotendinous injuries to be ruled out. The fracture was reduced and stabilised under arthroscopic guidance using a Kirschner wire and a cortical bone screw. Video assistance significantly minimised the extent of the necessary craniomedial approach. The lameness was very mild 15 days after surgery and had disappeared after four weeks. Radiographs taken nine weeks postoperatively revealed complete bone healing and implants were removed. No lameness was reported during a follow-up period of 20 months. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing shoulder osteosynthesis under arthroscopic guidance in the dog. The mildly invasive character of arthroscopy and video-assisted surgical procedures may allow a faster recovery and may limit complications following the treatment of articular fractures.  相似文献   

5.
An eight-year-old, neutered female Rottweiler was presented with lameness of seven days duration. Radiographs were consistent with a distal radial bone tumour. Limb-sparing surgery was performed using a commercially available endoprosthesis with a locking bone plate. Histopathological examination of the resected bone revealed an intraosseous fibrosarcoma, and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was initiated three weeks after surgery. Despite initial satisfactory limb function, lameness worsened four months after surgery. Radiographs revealed large areas of bone lysis around the proximal and distal screws, leading to significant resorption of the radius and radial carpal bone with subsequent construct failure. Further treatment was declined by the owner and the dog was subsequently euthanased. This case illustrates that implant failure is not necessarily averted by the use of locking (compared with non-locking) implants combined with an endoprosthesis to treat distal radial tumours in dogs.  相似文献   

6.
A 4-year-old spayed female Australian Cattle Dog (Blue Heeler) was evaluated because of right forelimb lameness of 5 months' duration. Orthopedic evaluation revealed signs of pain localized to the cranial aspects of both shoulder joints. Via magnetic resonance imaging, the mass of the supraspinatus tendon insertion in both shoulder joints was increased, compared with findings in cadavers of clinically normal dogs; additional imaging procedures revealed that, compared with clinically normal tendons, the tendon had increased signal intensity that was consistent with increased fluid content. The increased supraspinatus tendon mass in each shoulder joint was associated with medial displacement of the biceps brachii tendon, which was more severe in the right limb. Arthroscopic evaluations of both shoulder joints revealed no abnormalities. The dog underwent surgery, and the abnormal parts of the tendons were resected. The most prominent finding on histologic examination of excised tissues was severe myxomatous degeneration. The lameness resolved, and at 22 months after surgery, the dog was reported to have had no recurrence of lameness. The clinical signs and histologic appearance of the tendons in this dog strongly resemble findings associated with tendinosis in humans. Decompression of the biceps brachii tendon may have contributed to the successful outcome after surgery in this dog. Supraspinatus tendinosis should be considered among the differential diagnoses in dogs with uni- or bilateral forelimb lameness.  相似文献   

7.
A six-year-old intact female Maltese dog weighing 3.8 kg presented with a history of mild lameness and swelling on both forelimbs. Radiographic and computed tomographic views revealed an extensive periosteal reaction in all four limbs and a large round mass on the right middle lung lobe. A total lobectomy was performed and pulmonary adenosquamous carcinoma was histologically confirmed. A diagnosis of hypertrophic osteopathy (HO) secondary to a lung tumor was made. Periosteal proliferation decreased significantly after surgery; however, there was evidence of dyspnea, mass recurrence, and periosteal reaction three months post-operatively. This is the first case report of pulmonary adenosquamous carcinoma with HO in a dog in which we describe clinical, imaging, surgical, and histological findings.  相似文献   

8.
Objective— To develop and assess clinical outcomes for osteochondral autografting for treatment of stifle osteochondrosis (OC) in dogs. Study Design— Retrospective case series. Animals— Dogs with stifle OC (n=10). Methods— Osteochondral autografting was developed and optimized in canine cadavers and purpose‐bred research dogs using the Osteochondral Autograft Transfer System (OATS). Dogs with stifle OC (n=10 dogs, 12 stifles) were then treated using the OATS system. Outcomes were assessed by radiography (n=12), magnetic resonance imaging (1), second‐look arthroscopy (9), lameness scoring (12), and telephone survey of owners (10 clients, 12 stifles) 6–15 months after surgery. Results— Complications were documented in 4 of the 12 stifles treated and included peri‐incisional seromas (3) and marked stifle effusion (1). Subjective assessment of follow‐up radiographs revealed evidence of integration of the grafts with maintenance of subchondral bone surface architecture. Subjective assessment of follow‐up MRI in 1 stifle revealed evidence for incorporation of grafts with restoration of articular surface contour. Second‐look arthroscopy 6–30 weeks after surgery revealed maintenance of articular cartilage at the graft site. Dogs were significantly (P<.001) less lame at follow‐up compared with preoperative scores. Based on follow‐up owner surveys, only 2 dogs had no pain or lameness; the other dogs were judged to have mild pain and/or lameness. All owners noticed improvement in the dogs' quality of life after surgery. Conclusion— Osteochondral autografting deserves consideration and further evaluation as a primary treatment option for stifle OC in dogs. Clinical Relevance— Osteochondral autografting for treatment of lateral femoral condylar OC lesions in dogs using OATS instrumentation is safe and results in improved function and quality of life based on owners' perception 6–15 months after treatment.  相似文献   

9.
A three-year-old male neutered crossbred dog was referred for investigation of acute onset quadriparesis, which had occurred following an oropharyngeal stick injury. Myelography revealed a right-sided extradural lesion overlying the C5/6 intervertebral disc space. A dorsolateral hemilaminectomy was performed at this site and two fragments of wood were removed from the vertebral canal adjacent to the spinal cord. The dog was ambulatory with right-sided forelimb monoparesis within a week of surgery and improved further following discharge. Three months following surgery, the dog was exercising freely with only mild right forelimb lameness.  相似文献   

10.
Objective: To evaluate the use of hybrid total hip replacement (THR), using a cementless acetabular component and a cemented femoral component. Study Design: Prospective case series. Sample Population: Client‐owned dogs (n=71). Materials and Methods: Consecutive clinical cases that had hybrid THR were studied. Radiographic features, pain scores, and lameness scores were recorded pre‐ and postoperatively. Longer term outcome was assessed by owner questionnaire. Results: Hybrid THRs (n=78) were performed in 71 dogs. Four cases (5%) had major postoperative complications; 3 were resolved after revision surgery, and 1 owner requested an explantation. No other major complications were identified on follow‐up radiographs (67 THR) at 12 weeks. On clinical follow up (77 THR) at 4 weeks, lameness had improved in 68, was unchanged in 8, and was worse in 1. Pain had decreased in 72, was unchanged in 4, and was worse in 1. At 12 weeks (69 THR) compared with preoperative status, lameness had improved in 67 and was unchanged in 2. Pain had improved in 68 and was unchanged in 1. Longer term follow‐up (mean, 16 months) was available for all hips. No further complications were reported. Owner satisfaction was good for 76 THRs and reasonable for 2. Conclusions: Hybrid THR can be performed successfully with a low complication rate and represents an alternative to either entirely cemented or cementless implantation.  相似文献   

11.
A 3‐year‐old female mixed‐breed dog was referred with a 2‐day history of serious dyspnea, coughing, lethargy, anorexia, and a low‐grade right anterior lameness. At presentation, the dog had an increased respiratory rate, dull heart and lung sounds, and cyanotic mucous membranes. It was hyperthermic and slightly dehydrated. Laboratory findings showed mild neutrophilia with a left shift, while serum biochemistry variables were in the normal range. However, urinalysis revealed mild proteinuria and rare erythrocytes and leukocytes on sediment examination. Thoracic radiographs showed a diffuse mixed interstitial and alveolar pattern with an air bronchogram, while appendicular radiographs showed a right humeral interrupted brush‐like periosteal reaction. Thoracic ultrasonography revealed mediastinal lymph node enlargement. Cytology from a fine‐needle aspirate of mediastinal lymph nodes revealed a pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis with numerous fungal hyphae. Culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar isolated dark fungal colonies with microscopic features consistent with Cladosporium spp. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region identified the fungus as a species of the Cladosporium cladosporioides‐complex.  相似文献   

12.
A 2‐year‐old female neutered golden retriever was presented for investigation of an intra‐abdominal mass. Computed tomography revealed a mass associated with the caudal pole of the right kidney. Incisional biopsy findings were consistent with eumycotic mycetoma. The mass was subsequently removed in conjunction with right ureteronephrectomy. Two years later, the dog re‐presented with a splenic mass and fungal plaques located throughout the peritoneum. Splenectomy was performed and the mass was diagnosed as eumycotic mycetoma caused by Penicillium duponti. Indefinite systemic treatment with 10 mg/kg itraconazole orally once a day was initiated. Thirty‐two months after the last surgery, there were no clinical signs apart from mild polydipsia. Haematology and biochemistry results were unremarkable. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of successful treatment of intra‐abdominal eumycotic mycetoma with a combination of surgery and systemic antifungal therapy in the dog. Penicillium duponti has not apparently been reported to cause disease in animals or humans.  相似文献   

13.
To date it is unclear whether cementless total hip replacement (THR) in dogs is of clinical advantage in comparison to cemented THR with regard to lameness improvement. Thus the aim of this study was to compare objectively the development of the gait pattern after cemented and cementless THR in dogs. For this purpose, 18 adult dogs with hip dysplasia underwent computer-based gait analysis on an instrumented treadmill prior to unilateral THR and then again ten days, four weeks and four months after surgery. Analysed kinetic parameters were symmetry indices (SI) of vertical ground reaction forces (GRF), which included peak vertical forces (PFz), mean vertical forces (MFz), vertical impulse (IFz), and vertical ground reaction forces of the arthroplasty limbs only. Analysed kinematic parameters were range-of-motion and the flexion and extension angles of hip, stifle and hock joints. The symmetry indice for PVF, MFz and IFz decreased to a value less than six in both THR groups four months after surgery, which is defined as not lame. Improvement in lameness of the arthroplasty limbs during the examination period of four months was not significantly different between the cemented and cementless groups. The results suggest that within a short-term observation period of four months after surgery, neither cementless nor cemented THR have a greater advantage with regard to lameness improvement. Additional studies with larger pools of subjects and longer time periods for follow-up examinations are necessary to verify these findings.  相似文献   

14.
Osteomyelitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans was diagnosed in a three-year-old male Irish wolfhound. The case details and radiological findings of radiolucency and periosteal reaction of the left third metatarsal bone had lead to an initial diagnosis of a malignant bone tumour. Biopsy revealed a fungal granuloma and culture identified the causal organism. A four month course of ketaconazole was instigated and the lameness resolved. Twelve months after the end of treatment there was no recurrence of the problem.  相似文献   

15.
A 1‐year‐old, female intact Pug dog was presented to the Small Animal Teaching Hospital of the University of Liverpool with a 4‐week history of progressive multifocal intracranial signs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected multiple hemorrhagic lesions in the brain. The Baermann and zinc sulfate flotation tests with centrifugation, performed on fecal samples, were positive for lungworm larvae and an antigenic test confirmed Angiostrongylus vasorum infection. Anthelmintic treatment was started with a consequent marked clinical improvement. Seventy days later, the dog was clinically normal, and no larvae were detected on the Baermann test. Repeat MRI of the brain revealed marked improvement of the hemorrhagic lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF) showed marked eosinophilic pleocytosis, and anthelmintic treatment was restarted. A follow‐up CSF analysis 4 months after the first presentation revealed resolution of the eosinophilic pleocytosis. This is the first case report of marked eosinophilic pleocytosis associated with neural A vasorum infection in a dog. The CSF eosinophilic pleocytosis persisted for several weeks after treatment, even in the absence of concurrent clinical signs and with a negative A vasorum Baermann test.  相似文献   

16.
An eight‐year‐old, neutered, male German short‐haired pointer was presented for a chronic cough and an intrathoracic mass. Computed tomography revealed a mass with low attenuation in the right caudal lung lobe that invaded the principal bronchi. The mass was removed by right caudal and accessory lung lobectomy. The histopathological diagnosis was pulmonary lipoma. The clinical signs resolved following surgery. There was no evidence of recurrence or de novo lesions on computed tomography performed 12 months post‐surgery. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a pulmonary lipoma in a dog.  相似文献   

17.
A 5‐year‐old male castrated Lhasa Apso cross was evaluated for a 1‐month history of inappetence, lethargy, gagging, and progressive right thoracic limb lameness. Synovial fluid analysis revealed nonseptic suppurative inflammation, and a diagnosis of immune‐mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) was made. After 3 months of treatment with prednisone and later cyclosporine, the dog developed multiple firm cutaneous and subcutaneous masses and a focal mass within the jejunum. Cultures of blood, urine, skin lesions, and the jejunal mass identified Nocardia veterana by matrix‐absorption laser desorption ionization‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) and allowed for earlier identification of the organism compared to more traditional secA1 gene sequencing. Immunosuppressive drug treatment was discontinued, and the dog was treated for 3 months by administration of trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMS). No recurrence of clinical signs was reported 1 year later. This case report highlights the clinical utility of MALDI‐TOF MS, particularly for the rapid identification of slow‐growing, fastidious organisms.  相似文献   

18.
Static locked nailing was used to repair fractures of the femoral diaphysis in 15 dogs. The implant consists of a 5, 6, or 7 mm diameter stainless steel rod made up of two parts: the body of the nail, in which there are 13 threaded holes, and a piece without holes that contains a slot for anchoring the jig. Good limb function was obtained after less than 3 weeks in 12 dogs and these dogs remained sound throughout the study. Radiographic examination revealed fracture healing in 11 of the dogs, between 8 and 16 weeks after surgery. One dog was not returned for follow-up evaluation until 22 weeks after surgery; complete healing was apparent from radiographic examination. The remaining three dogs had to have additional operations, one because of lameness caused by excessive length of the distal screws, one because of a nonunion, and the third because of a sequestrum. Fracture healing in these dogs was observed at 18, 21, and 24 weeks respectively. Loosening of one screw and angulation of the bone occurred in one dog. These complications had no adverse effects on clinical outcome.  相似文献   

19.
A 12‐year‐old, spayed female, mixed‐breed dog was presented for acute hematuria, stranguria, polyuria, and polydipsia, as well as lameness for 8 days. Previous medical history included treatment for infection with Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Leishmania infantum, and Dirofilaria immitis 6.5 years prior to presentation. Besides persistently increased antibody titers to E canis and A phagocytophilum, polyclonal gammopathy with a monoclonal spike and moderate hypercalcemia were observed. There was marked hematuria, and Staphylococcus aureus was cultured from urine. Two weeks after successful treatment of the urinary tract infection, radiographs showed an extensive destructive monostotic lesion of the right humerus. Cytologic examination of fine‐needle aspirates of this lesion revealed a neoplastic round cell population suggestive of multiple myeloma. The dog was treated with melphalan and prednisolone for suspected multiple myeloma and doxycycline for suspected ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. Treatments lead to resolution of the clinical signs, hypercalcemia, and monoclonal gammopathy, and there was radiographic improvement of bone lesions; polyclonal gammopathy persisted. About one year after presentation the dog was still in clinical remission. This is a rare report of a dog with suspected multiple myeloma and a history of multiple chronic infectious diseases, suggesting that chronic infection and uncontrolled long‐term stimulation of the immune system could contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma.  相似文献   

20.
An 8‐year‐old, neutered male Labrador Retriever presented with acute forelimb lameness. Clinical signs progressed over one week. On physical examination, right cubital joint effusion and bilateral axillary lymphadenomegaly were noted, and severe internal lymphadenomegaly was observed ultrasonographically. Granulomatous lymphadenitis with intralesional fungi was noted cytologically, and the dog was ultimately diagnosed with disseminated Talaromyces helicus infection via PCR of a pure isolate. Extensive medical therapy was pursued, and months later, an arthrocentesis was performed due to continued lameness and severe cubital joint effusion. The synovial fluid contained increased numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. Frequent fungal hyphae were found both intracellularly and extracellularly. These basophilic organisms were 2‐4 µm in width with internal eosinophilic granules, roughly parallel walls, and occasional to frequent septa. Round to oval yeast‐like forms with thin, clear halos were also occasionally identified. Due to the severity of clinical signs, the right thoracic limb was amputated. Histologic examination of the cubital joint revealed marked granulomatous synovitis, fasciitis, panniculitis, and osteomyelitis, all with intralesional fungi. Talaromyces helicus is a very rare cause of disease, reported only in one other dog. Granulomatous lymphadenitis appears to be a feature of this disease, but this report is the first to describe a significant synovial component.  相似文献   

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