共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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全球人工林环境管理策略研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
全球人工林为木材生产和缓解贫困做出了重要贡献, 在减缓和适应气候变化中起到了非常重要的作用。文中在介绍全球人工林资源的基础上, 分析了人工林对生物多样性、水分循环、养分循环和碳循环的影响和相互作用机制, 提出了人工林环境管理策略, 即建立人工林多功能经营制度、通过森林认证助推人工林可持续经营、充分利用REDD+机制提高人工林固碳效应的政策推动策略, 加强生物多样性保护、降低人工林对水循环负面影响、提高人工林的养分循环、促进人工林生态系统碳循环的生态系统完整性策略, 以及保育高保护价值区域策略和鼓励利益相关者参与人工林规划与管理策略。 相似文献
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对碳汇林业的背景、相关概念、碳汇造林国内外现状、CDM造林再造林项目运行程序及设计书内容、造林再造林碳汇项目涉及的几个技术问题进行了综述,建议:山东具有碳汇造林的条件、积极争取碳汇造林项目、强化农用林和经济林的碳汇作用、加强干瘠山地、盐碱地及沿海防护林碳汇造林、加强中幼林的可持续经营管理、加紧实施山东森林碳汇储量与潜力研究、科学研究、人才培养及技术培训等。 相似文献
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树种选择与配置对森林生态系统服务的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
我国森林面积和蓄积量连续增长,但造林树种单一、林分幼龄化、径级持续偏小、单位面积蓄积量低。在气候变化挑战及全球经济一体化大背景下,如何发挥森林在木材生产、生物多样性保护、固碳、涵养水源及社会文化等方面的多重服务功能以满足经济社会发展对森林的多元化需求,是我国现代林业建设的当务之急。文中通过梳理国内外相关文献,分析不同树种与配置模式和不同森林经营选择对森林生态系统服务的影响,以及对森林生态系统服务影响的模拟预测方法与工具,进而总结当前研究与实践的总体趋势,以期为我国树种选择及其优化配置、增强森林生态系统服务功能提供决策参考。 相似文献
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Sedat Keleş 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2019,38(4):305-326
Forests are among the most important ecosystems that provide various hydrological services including water production and protection because the vast majority of the water available on the earth comes from forested catchments. The forests provide quality and continuous water yield as well as protective services such as flood control, soil protection, landslide protection, avalanche protection, and prevention against rock falls, which are related to water. However, the quality and quantity of all the forest functions are influenced by forest ecosystem structure and composition such as forest type, tree species, age class distribution, biomass, leaf area, basal area, crown closure, and stand development stages. This study provides an assessment of hydrological services of forest ecosystems through the systematic review of relevant literature till 2018. It mainly focuses on water-forest relations and explains how forest ecosystem structure and composition affect water production, quality, and sustainability. Then, a general framework relating to the integration of hydrological services into forest management is concluded in the context of sustainable management of natural resources. 相似文献
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In future decades, initiatives on biomass-based energy development in Europe should reduce fossil fuel dependence and help to combat climate change as required by the conference of the parties 21. In this context, forest biomass can play a key role within the bioenergy sector due to its high growth potential. The use of forest biomass for energy has positive and negative effects on other ecosystem services, on stand characteristics, and on forest management practices. The aim of this study is to analyse the effects of forest bioenergy production on six ecosystem services (biodiversity, recreation, landscape aesthetics, carbon sequestration, soil erosion protection, water quality). These effects have been assessed by 80 experts in two countries (Italy and Turkey), considering two different forest management practices (clear-cutting of coppices and woody residue removal after felling in high forests). The results show that coppice clear-cutting has negative effects on almost all ecosystem services according to the experts’ opinions. The highest negative effects are on landscape aesthetics and soil protection. The effects of woody residue removal on biodiversity, carbon sequestration, soil erosion protection, and water quality are considered negative by the experts, while the effects on recreation activities and landscape aesthetics are considered positive. The highest negative effects of this forest management scenario are on soil protection and biodiversity. The experts’ opinions about the effects of forest management practices on ecosystem services can provide information to understand the environmental sustainability of bioenergy development in future years. 相似文献
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森林生态系统服务价值核算理论与评估方法研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
森林生态系统服务价值评估受到生态学家和经济学家的高度关注。由于森林生态系统自身的复杂性、提供生态服务内容的多样性等, 到目前为止还没有形成统-的分类方法和价值评估体系。文中在综合各种分类方法的基础上将森林生态系统服务初步分为涵养水源、保持水土、固碳释氧、净化环境、农田防护、景观游憩以及生物多样性维护等7类, 并在此基础上系统阐述了近年来森林生态系统价值核算理论与评估方法的最新研究成果。 相似文献
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Rupert Seidl Chris S. Eastaugh Koen Kramer Michael Maroschek Christopher Reyer Jarosław Socha Giorgio Vacchiano Tzvetan Zlatanov Hubert Hasenauer 《European Journal of Forest Research》2013,132(5-6):653-666
Scaling is widely recognized as a central issue in ecology. The associated cross-scale interactions and process transmutations make scaling (i.e. a change in spatial or temporal grain and extent) an important issue in understanding ecosystem structure and functioning. Moreover, current concepts of ecosystem stewardship, such as sustainability and resilience, are inherently scale-dependent. The importance of scale and scaling in the context of forest management is likely to further increase in the future because of the growing relevance of ecosystem services beyond timber production. As a result, a consideration of processes both below (e.g. leaf-level carbon uptake in the context of climate change mitigation) and above (e.g. managing for biodiversity conservation at the landscape scale) the traditional focus on the stand level is required in forest ecosystem management. Furthermore, climate change will affect a variety of ecosystem processes across scales, ranging from photosynthesis (tree organs) to disturbance regimes (landscape scale). Assessing potential climate change impacts on ecosystem services thus requires a multi-scale perspective. However, scaling issues have received comparatively little attention in the forest management community to date. Our objectives here are thus first, to synthesize scaling issues relevant to forest management and second, to elucidate ways of dealing with complex scaling problems by highlighting examples of how they can be addressed with ecosystem models. We have focused on three current management issues of particular importance in European forestry: (1) climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration, (2) multi-functional stand management for biodiversity and non-timber goods and services and (3) improving the resilience to natural disturbances. We conclude that taking into account the full spatiotemporal heterogeneity and dynamics of forest ecosystems in management decision-making is likely to make management more robust to increasing environmental and societal pressures. Models can aid this process through explicitly accounting for system dynamics and changing conditions, operationally addressing the complexity of cross-scale interactions and emerging properties. Our synthesis indicates that increased attention to scaling issues can help forest managers to integrate traditional management objectives with emerging concerns for ecosystem services and therefore deserves more attention in forestry. 相似文献
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Forest canopies exchange a large part of the mass and energy between the earth and the atmosphere. The processes that regulate these exchanges have been of interest to scientists from a diverse range of disciplines for a long time. The International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) Canopy Processes Working Group provides a forum for these scientists to explore canopy processes at scales ranging from the leaf to the ecosystem. Given the changes in climate that are being experienced in response to rising [CO(2)], there is a need to understand how forest canopy processes respond to altered environments. Globally, native and managed forests represent the largest terrestrial biome and, in wood and soils, the largest terrestrial stores of carbon. Changing climates have significant implications for carbon storage in forests, as well as their water use, species diversity and management. In order to address these issues, the Canopy Processes Working Group held a travelling workshop in south-east Australia during October 2010 to examine the impact of changing climates on forest canopies, highlighting knowledge gaps and developing new research directions. 相似文献
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在应对气候变化与实现碳中和目标以及社会发展对森林生态系统要求更加多样化的时代背景下,混交林的重要性在世界各国已达成共识。通常认为,相对于纯林,混交林能够增加生物多样性、提高生产力、增加碳储量,具有更高的生态韧性（抵抗力与恢复力）。但混交林是否必然优于纯林,且混交林与生物多样性、生产力、碳汇、生态韧性以及混交效应的关系一直是国内外学者探讨与研究的问题。混交林绝不是简单的树种组合与排列,其结构与生态过程相对复杂。文中通过文献梳理,总结分析混交林与生物多样性、生产力、碳储量、生态韧性以及混交林经营管理5个方面的国内外研究成果,发现关于混交林与生态功能和生产力的关系研究结果多样,总的结论是,若要得到混交林的积极效应,不能单纯增加树种多样性,更重要的是要考虑树种特性、生态互补、林分结构以及立地和环境的影响。我国混交林研究主要是通过造林实验对比分析生长效果,选择较优混交造林技术。文中最后提出我国混交林研究发展建议,旨在促进对混交林的科学和全面认识。 相似文献
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台州绿心区城市森林生态系统服务价值评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以台州绿心区城市森林为研究对象,对其涵养水源、保持土壤、固碳制氧、净化空气、杀菌作用、阻滞粉尘、降低噪音等生态系统服务价值进行了初步估算。结果表明:该地区城市森林生态系统涵养水源价值为298万元/a,固碳价值为2 490万元/a,制氧价值为2 730万元/a,水土保持价值为1 320万/a,减少SO2价值为43万元/a,阻滞粉尘价值为1 790万元/a,杀菌价值为5 050万元/a,降低噪音价值为6 010万元/a,台州绿心区城市森林生态系统服务价值总值约为1.97亿元/a。 相似文献
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Mixed forests are thought to provide a wide range of ecosystem services for human well-being and their effectiveness, compared to monocultures, is broadly recognized in the literature. Mixed forests may increase the multifunctionality, providing a wide range of ecosystem services such as hazard protection, carbon sequestration, nature conservation and landscape values. Before undertaking a process of conversion of monocultures into mixed forests it is important to learn about perceptions of local stakeholders for mixed forests in comparison to monocultures, in order to understand their needs and identify possible sources of conflicts. In the present work, we investigate the personal perceptions about the effectiveness of mixed forests when compared to monocultures, in terms of provisioning of ecosystem services, with the aid of an ordered logit model. In addition, we highlight the fact that belonging to a particular category of organized stakeholders contribute to perceive mixed forests positively, compared to non-organized local dwellers. Results show that people acknowledging the importance of some non-productive forest ecosystem services are more likely to prefer mixed forests. Moreover, personal attitudes towards ecosystem services seem to be much more related to the degree of preference for mixed forests than other socio-economic variables, such as gender and education. Finally, another evidence of this contribution is that belonging to a precisely defined group of stakeholders considerably increases the probability to prefer mixed forests, compared to ordinary citizens. 相似文献
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Forest management for carbon sequestration is a low-cost, low-technology, relatively easy way to help mitigate global climate
change that can be adopted now while additional long-term solutions are developed. Carbon-oriented management of forests also
offers forest owners an opportunity to obtain a new source of income, and commonly has environmental co-benefits. The USA
is developing climate change policy that recognizes forestry as a source of offsets in carbon markets, and the emissions trading
programs and standards that have developed to date offer opportunities for afforestation, reforestation, reduced emissions
from deforestation and forest degradation, and improved forest management projects. Private forest owners are key players
in carbon markets because they own over half of the forest land in the USA and carbon offsetting from public forest land is
rare. However, a number of environmental, economic, and social constraints currently limit carbon market participation by
forest owners. Key issues include: the low price of carbon and high cost of market entry; whether small landowners can gain
market access; how to meet requirements such as management plans and certification; and whether managing for carbon is consistent
with other forest management goals. This paper provides an overview of current and emerging opportunities for family forest
owners to contribute to climate change mitigation in the USA, and explores ways of overcoming some of the challenges so that
they can take advantage of these opportunities. 相似文献
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《林业研究》2021,32(3)
Evidence-based selective cutting at prescribed intervals as part of good forest management can enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of the forest. The effect of forest management on carbon sequestration has, however,not been quantified. Thus, carbon content of various organs was measured for 323 tree species, 247 shrub species, and233 herb species in seven temperate coniferous and broadleaved mixed forests that were subjected to selective cutting with restoration durations of 100, 55, 45, 36, 25, 14, and6 years to explore dynamic changes in carbon storage. The results showed that biomass carbon allocation in different organs followed a pattern: trunk root branch leaf for all forests. With longer restoration durations, more carbon accumulated in different organs and in soils. Interestingly,when the restoration duration exceeded 50 years, carbon storage in ecosystem was larger than that in primary forests with 100-year cutting intervals, suggesting that a reasonable selective cutting interval can increase forest carbon sequestration. Mean diameter at breast height(DBH) and forest carbon storage were significantly positively correlated, and carbon storage of selectively cut forests exceeded that of primary forests when the stand mean DBH exceeded 15.66 cm. Therefore, mean DBH of forests can be an indicator for combining sustainable forest management and forest carbon sequestration. Additionally, the classic coefficients of 0.45 and 0.50 used to estimate carbon sequestration underestimated values by 2.65% and overestimated by 8.16%, respectively, in comparison with the measured carbon content from different plant organs. 相似文献
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基于InVEST模型的森林生态系统服务功能评估研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
准确评估森林生态系统服务功能,是实现森林资源健康、可持续发展,更好地发挥森林生态服务功能的重要保障。InVEST模型具备驱动数据简单易获取、定量化评估精度高、评估过程和结果空间表达明晰、情景模拟预测功能强大的特点,已被广泛应用于森林生态系统服务功能评估的多个方面。文中概述InVEST模型的原理,重点对该模型在森林生态系统服务功能评估的几个热点应用进行详细介绍;系统评述国内外在应用InVEST模型对森林生态系统的碳储量、水源涵养、水土保持和生物多样性等服务功能进行评估方面取得的研究进展,总结各类应用中存在的局限和不足;提出利用InVEST模型开展森林生态系统服务功能评估的研究展望。 相似文献
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This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on pine and oak forest dynamics in the mid-montane central Himalayan forest and the ecosystem services associated with these vegetation types. Forest ecosystems play a crucial role in the livelihood of the central Himalayas as well as the adjacent plains, providing a number of tangible and intangible ecosystem services, at each stage of succession. The successional sequence starts from warm temperate grasslands, followed by early successional pine forests, mid-successional pine-oak mixed forests and eventually culminating in a late successional oak community. This successional sequence is considerably influenced by disturbances like fire, grazing, and lopping, which maintain the vegetation types in their current form and can act as potential drivers of change. Fire and grazing in grasslands and pine forests inhibit the successional process by hindering the establishment of pioneer and late successional species, respectively. Potential land-cover changes with forest succession can lead to changes in ecosystem services supply. We found that the number of ecosystem services associated with these vegetation types increase from early to late successional community. Current management approaches fail to include the dynamic nature of vegetation, which is essential for maintenance of ecosystem service supply. In conclusion, the trade-offs between ES of global (biodiversity and carbon) and local importance (fuel wood and fodder) have to be examined carefully in order to have effective conservation and management plans for the region. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT There is growing concern that public benefits from forests are underprovided in current forest management regimes and need to be increased through policy and economic measures that promote conservation. Ecological compensation is a type of institutional arrangement for the sustainable use of ecosystem services achieved by adjusting the distribution of costs and benefits among different stakeholders using economic measures. However, how to accurately and reasonably determine the compensation standard for ecological services has not been guided by scientific methods and theories. This study provides an estimation of the compensation standard for forest ecological services based on the forest multifunction evaluation and financial net present value analysis, and a case study was performed in Southwest China. The results showed that most forest types brought some economic loss to the managers but contributed great ecological benefits to the public when they were managed as ecological forests. It is crucial to incentivize forest managers to participate in voluntary conservation programs through ecological compensation. The results of this analysis can potentially guide sustainable forest management by both accurate quantification of the value of forest ecosystem services and an improved understanding of the costs of voluntary forest conservation schemes currently in use in many countries. 相似文献