共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 828 毫秒
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抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)可以持久性存在于环境中,通过基因水平转移功能广泛传播于菌群之间,携带有抗性基因的细菌最终可能通过食物链进入人体,引发难以治愈的细菌性疾病,给人类健康带来严重威胁。该文主要针对畜禽养殖废弃物中抗生素及抗性基因污染这一问题,结合国内外最新研究对畜禽养殖中抗生素及抗性基因的污染现状、产生和传播机制以及消除技术等进行了综述,为我国畜牧业可持续发展提供理论参考。 相似文献
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抗生素抗性基因已经成为公认的环境污染物,威胁着生态安全和人类健康。抗生素在临床和养殖业中的大量应用,使生态环境中各微生物处于残留抗生素及抗药性遗传元件的影响中,导致抗生素抗性菌获得了竞争优势,破坏了微生态系统的稳定性。作者从宏观环境角度阐述了抗药性基因传播的微分子概念,通过从抗药性发展机制、抗药性引起的环境污染、抗药性对环境微生物影响3个方面进行分析,阐明环境在细菌抗药性的发展进程中起到的关键作用,同时分析环境抗药性,包括菌群生态多样性、抗药性细菌种类及传播、抗生素残留及抗药性基因传递富集的危害等。 相似文献
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畜禽养殖废弃物及其制成的有机肥是环境中抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)污染的主要来源之一。采用基因芯片技术，测定了两家不同规模鸡场鸡粪和不同有机肥发酵工艺制作的有机肥样品中抗生素抗性基因ARGs的组成和丰度。对有机肥样品中常见的10种抗生素进行定量分析，结果显示两家养鸡场鸡粪样品中均有10种抗生素检出，其中以四环素类抗生素的浓度最高，浓度范围在6.30μg·kg-1～421.22μg·kg-1之间；抗性基因的组成以氨基糖抗生素类和四环素类占比最大。高温立式发酵工艺对ARGs和可移动遗传原件(MGE)的去除均要高于传统发酵床工艺，前者的去除率分别为69.97%和70.46%,后者分别为27.84%和45.03%。 相似文献
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《动物营养学报》2020,(8)
随着饲用抗生素的禁用,抗生素替代物的研发已迫在眉睫。抗菌肽(AMPs)凭借其广谱抗菌活性、改善肠道形态与调节免疫等功能被视为强有力的抗生素替代物。本文旨在量化评估AMPs对仔猪生长性能、腹泻率和血液免疫指标的影响,并探究AMPs较优添加量。从PubMed、Web of Science和CNKI数据库中共搜集到31篇符合要求的文献,进行回归分析、敏感性分析、合并分析与剂量效应分析。相比于基础饲粮,饲粮添加AMPs可以显著提高仔猪的平均日增重[加权平均差(95%置信区间):27.863 g/d(21.623,34.103)]和平均日采食量[加权平均差(95%置信区间):15.321 g/d(7.307,23.334)],降低料重比[加权平均差(95%置信区间):-0.100(-0.119,-0.081)],提高血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)水平[标准平均差(95%置信区间):1.060(0.424, 1.696)]并降低腹泻率[加权平均差(95%置信区间):-5.903%(-6.515,-5.290)],但对血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)水平无显著影响。剂量效应分析表明,AMPs的较优添加量为0.075%或0.3%,这可能与AMPs的纯度有关。综上,AMPs可以提高仔猪的生长性能和免疫功能并降低腹泻率,是一种潜在的饲用抗生素替代物。 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2017,(12):2358-2363
为了解不同来源大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E.coli)对磺胺类药物的抗性,从鸡(128)、鸽子(86)和鹌鹑(36)的病变器官以及养殖场周围水(45)、土壤(35)中共分离到330株E.coli,应用肉汤微量稀释法和PCR方法,分离、鉴定磺胺类药物抗性菌株,检测抗生素抗性基因,分析抗生素抗性。结果显示,不同来源的330株E.coli分离株中,对磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶和磺胺甲氧嘧啶的敏感菌株分别为118株(35.8%)、109株(33.0%)、95株(28.8%)、81株(24.5%)。磺胺类药物敏感菌株对抗生素的耐受能力依次为:氯霉素、青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、庆大霉素、利福平;且病变器官分离菌株的抗生素抗性高于水、土壤中分离的菌株,鸡源分离菌株抗生素抗性高于鸽子、鹌鹑;菌株的磺胺类抗性基因sul1、sul2、int1检出率较高,Int2、sul3检出率较低。磺胺类抗生素抗性菌的抗性基因检出率依次为鸡、鸽子、鹌鹑、水、土壤。病变组织、水、土壤分离株中共检出182个抗性基因,其中,97株只含1种抗性基因,11株含2种抗性基因,6株含3种抗性基因,5株含有4种抗性基因,5株含有5种抗性基因。磺胺类抗生素抗性菌株有11株未检出抗生素抗性基因,而无磺胺类抗生素抗性的菌株有7株检出磺胺类抗生素抗性基因。结果表明,不同来源菌株的磺胺类药物抗性不同,E.coli的磺胺类抗生素抗性较高,且磺胺类抗生素抗性菌株具有多重抗生素抗性,E.coli磺胺类抗生素抗性的表现型与其基因型之间存在不完全吻合现象。 相似文献
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ZHU Zhen LI Bing ZHOU Xu-zheng WEI Xiao-juan CHENG Fu-sheng ZHANG Ji-yu 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(12):3368-3374
Antibiotic resistance genes have become a recognized environmental pollutant, threatening the ecological safety and human health. The application of antibiotics in the clinical and animals breeding, making the environmental microorganisms living with the impact of the residue of antibiotics and elements of resistance genetic and leading to antibiotic resistant bacteria to gain a competitive advantage and destroyed the stability of ecosystem. In this paper, we expounded the concept of resistance gene transmission by the view of macro environment. Through analyzing the mechanism of resistance development,environmental pollution caused by drug resistance and the impact of environmental microorganism for drug resistance, we clarified the key role of the environment in the development of the characteristics of bacterial resistance and analysis environmental resistance.Such as the ecological diversity of flora, the types and the spread of resistant bacteria, the residues of antibiotics and the transmission of the resistance genes. 相似文献
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靶向抗菌肽的设计策略与应用 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
抗生素问世以来挽救了无数生命，然而近年来抗生素的滥用越来越严重，从而导致多重耐药菌的出现以及机体正常微生物群落的生态失衡等问题，迫使人们开始寻找有效的抗生素替代物。抗菌肽广泛存在于动植物体中，具有抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗病毒及免疫调节等生物学活性，且不易诱发细菌耐药性，在临床和畜牧生产中表现出极好的应用前景。为避免细菌耐药性和微生态紊乱等问题的产生，具有靶向功能的抗菌肽受到科研工作者的青睐，逐渐成为研究的热点，并有望成为抗生素替代物之一。本文对近年来靶向抗菌肽的设计思路及其在临床和畜牧生产中的应用前景进行概述，以期为将来靶向抗菌肽的开发提供新的思路。 相似文献
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Sang Y Blecha F 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2008,9(2):227-235
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are ubiquitous, gene-encoded natural antibiotics that have gained recent attention in the search for new antimicrobials to combat infectious disease. In multicellular organisms, AMPs, such as defensins and cathelicidins, provide a coordinated protective response against infection and are a principal component of innate immunity in vertebrates. In unicellular organisms, AMPs, such as bacteriocins, function to suppress competitor species. Because many AMPs kill bacteria by disruption of membrane integrity and are thus thought to be less likely to induce resistance, AMPs are being extensively evaluated as novel antimicrobial drugs. This review summarizes and discusses the antibiotic properties of AMPs highlighting their potential as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. 相似文献
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Hao Xiao Fangyuan Shao Miaomiao Wu Wenkai Ren Xia Xiong Bie Tan Yulong Yin 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2015,6(1):19
With the widespread ban on the use of antibiotics in swine feed, alternative measures need to be sought to maintain swine health and performance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are part of the nonspecific defense system and are natural antibiotics produced by plants, insects, mammalians, and micro-organisms as well as by chemical synthesis. Due to their broad microbicidal activity against various fungi, bacteria and enveloped viruses, AMPs are a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics for use in swine production. This review focuses on the structure and mechanism of action of AMPs, as well as their effects on performance, immune function and intestinal health in pigs. The aim is to provide support for the application of AMPs as feed additives replacing antibiotics in swine nutrition. 相似文献
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《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2016,(1)
With the widespread ban on the use of antibiotics in swine feed,alternative measures need to be sought to maintain swine health and performance.Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs) are part of the nonspecific defense system and are natural antibiotics produced by plants,insects,mammalians,and micro-organisms as well as by chemical synthesis.Due to their broad microbicidal activity against various fungi,bacteria and enveloped viruses,AMPs are a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics for use in swine production.This review focuses on the structure and mechanism of action of AMPs,as well as their effects on performance,immune function and intestinal health in pigs.The aim is to provide support for the application of AMPs as feed additives replacing antibiotics in swine nutrition. 相似文献
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Porcine antimicrobial peptides: new prospects for ancient molecules of host defense 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small, endogenous, polycationic molecules that constitute a ubiquitous and significant component of innate immunity. These natural antibiotics have broad microbicidal activity against various bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses. Because most AMPs kill bacteria by physical disruption of cell membranes, which may prevent microorganisms from developing resistance against these agents, they are being explored as possible alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Pigs, like many other mammals, produce an impressive array of AMPs, which are synthesized predominantly by host leukocytic phagocytes or mucosal epithelial cells. Currently, more than a dozen distinct porcine AMPs have been identified and a majority belongs to the cathelicidin family. This review briefly summarizes recent advances in porcine AMP research with an emphasis on the diverse biological functions of each peptide. Mechanisms of action of these AMPs and their role in the resistance to infections are considered. Finally, the current status of pharmaceutical and agricultural uses of AMPs as well as future prospects for their application in the food animal industry is discussed. 相似文献
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四环素类抗生素因成本低、价格低、抗菌谱广及抗菌活性好等特点被广泛用于养殖业,由于其在动物体内吸收较少,大部分以原形或代谢物的形式排出体外,随动物的粪便、尿液进入环境。多项研究表明,四环素类抗生素在环境中的暴露量大,吸附能力强、迁移能力弱,微生物、光照及温度都会影响其在环境中的稳定性,其在环境中的暴露对植物生长、水生生物及微生物群落结构数量和抗性基因均会产生负面影响。作者综述了四环素类抗生素在环境中的暴露现状、吸附及降解行为特性、效应研究及其在环境中的风险评估现状,旨在引起人们对环境中四环素类抗生素污染的重视,为环境中四环素类抗生素及抗性基因的去除提供参考,并对今后四环素类抗生素的环境风险评估提出展望。 相似文献
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抗生素的滥用导致全球细菌耐药性问题愈发严重，严重威胁人类、畜禽健康及畜牧业发展，功能多样且不易导致细菌产生耐药性突变的抗菌肽（antimicrobial peptides，AMPs）逐渐发展为抗生素的潜在替代品。β-折叠是抗菌肽一个主要的二级结构分类，该类肽通常由一个或多个二硫键来维系结构的稳定，现已发现许多抗菌肽具有此类结构。相比于目前研究广泛的α-螺旋AMP，它们被认为拥有更强的抗酶解能力和更高的细胞选择性。本篇综述介绍了β-折叠抗菌肽的来源和抗细菌机理，并梳理了一些常见的分子设计方法和应用策略，以期为β-折叠抗菌肽的研发应用提供新思路。 相似文献