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To examine the relationship between forest succession following fire and the composition of bird communities, we investigated the vegetation structure, bird population density, foraging behavior and guild structure in bamboo grasslands (11 years since the last fire), pine savanna (41 years), pine woodland (58 years), old-growth hemlock forest (never burned), and old-growth spruce forest (never burned) in the Tatachia area of central Taiwan. Canopy height, total foliage cover, tree density, total basal area of tree, total basal area of snags, foliage height diversity, and tree species richness all increased with successional age. However, shrub cover peaked in intermediate successional stages. The vertical profile of foliage cover was more diverse in later successional forests, which had more breeding bird species and ecological guilds. All the breeding bird species recorded in early and intermediate stages were also found distributed in the late successional forests. Because Taiwan has high precipitation and humidity, and most forest fires in Taiwan are caused by human activities, forest fires and large areas of early successional vegetation were probably rare in the mountain areas of Taiwan prior to the arrival of humans. Therefore, bird species have not had enough time to adapt to areas with early or intermediate successional vegetation. Moreover, late successional forests host all the major plant species found in the early and intermediate stages and have higher foliage height diversity index, which was positively correlated with the bird species richness and bird species diversity index in this study. As a result, all breeding bird species and guilds in the area can be found in late successional forests. Efforts for conserving avian diversity in Taiwan should focus on protecting the remaining native old-growth forests. 相似文献
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基于RS的昆明市植被覆盖度变化动态分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
植被覆盖度是反映植被状况的重要因素,以1988、1996、2000、2006和2010年5个时相的TM和ETM＋影像数据,利用像元二分法模型计算了昆明市植被覆盖度并分析其时空变化。结果表明,1988～2010年的22年间,昆明市的植被覆盖度变化明显,平均植被覆盖度从56．2％下降到50．7％,降幅达5．5％;特别是官渡区和呈贡新区变化幅度最为显著,降幅分别为12．3％和6％。按时段分析结果,1988～2000年昆明市整体植被覆盖度呈下降趋势,2000～2010年呈增长趋势。分析认为,城市的发展与扩建导致植被覆盖度减少;应注重城市绿化建设,新建公园与广场,使城市植被得到恢复。 相似文献
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We investigated how much forest structure and floristics independently contributed to the composition of avian assemblages at multiple scales and for individual foraging guilds in tropical deciduous forests of Central Highlands, India. We derived dissimilarity matrices between all pairs of the 36 sampling sites with respect to forest structure, floristics, and bird species composition and ran Mantel's randomization tests to detect significant associations among the matrices after partialling out the effect of geographic distance between sites. Bird species composition was found to be significantly related to forest structure across habitats, and floristics within the moist-deciduous forests. This finding is consistent with earlier observations that birds respond, in their species composition, to vegetation structure across habitats and to vegetation composition within a habitat. As predicted, the composition of insectivorous birds was influenced by forest structure, but the phytophagous guild did not show any relation to vegetation composition in contrast to patterns observed elsewhere. We explain this anomaly as a result of availability of a wide choice of food plants for phytophagous birds in central Indian tropical forests and weak species–environment relationships on account of their nomadism. Extraction of non-timber forest products remains a key economic activity in central India and our results imply that it can potentially influence the composition of forest bird communities through alteration of forest structure and floristics. 相似文献
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【目的】分析黄土高原砒砂岩区植被覆盖的时空动态变化特征,探讨土地利用类型对归一化植被指数(NDVI)的影响及植被盖度与水热因子的空间和时滞关系,为黄土高原砒砂岩区退化植被恢复重建和黄河粗泥沙的综合治理提供思路,改善当地生存条件和生态环境。【方法】在皇甫川流域,利用2000—2015年MODIS13Q1共192期产品,以ENVI为技术平台,计算NDVI,采用一元线性回归分析法和Spearman相关分析法分析其在不同时间尺度上的动态变化和不同空间尺度上的分布格局,基于地理空间系统分析其在不同土地利用方式下(分辨率30m)的时空特性,并运用Spearman相关分析法详细分析NDVI和水热因子间的响应关系。【结果】2000—2015年,皇甫川流域NDVI平均值为0.429~0.630,呈线性增加趋势,增长速率为0.0042·a^-1,生长季与非生长季差别显著,5月出现最大值,气温和降水量亦呈增加趋势,增长速率为0.0348℃·a^-1和6.27mm·a^-1;空间上,纳林川子流域16年来NDVI为0.1~0.3,十里长川子流域为0.25~0.4,均呈“沟道高-坡面低”的空间格局;不同土地利用类型下NDVI为0.2~0.25,表现为林地>耕地>草地>未利用地,16年的增长速率表现为草地>未利用地>林地>耕地;纳林川支流沟道附近NDVI呈下降趋势,变化率为-0.09~0,而远离沟道的坡面地区呈上升趋势,变化率为0~0.12;十里长川支流沟道附近NDVI变化率为0~0.4,而沟道周围地区变化率为0.04~0.12;整个流域内NDVI的增长趋势在空间上呈坡面极显著、沟道附近显著、沟道不显著的空间格局;16年间生长季NDVI与气温无明显相关性,与降水的相关系数为-0.41~0.87,相比沟道附近植被而言,坡面上的植被更易受降水量影响;植被生长对降水的响应存在1年(P=0.036<0.05)和1个月(P=0.001<0.01)的滞后期,对气温存在2个月(P=0.002<0.01)的滞后期。【结论】时间上,皇甫川流域NDVI在不断波动中呈显著上升趋势,生长季与非生长季均值变化表现出明显不同。空间上,皇甫川流域NDVI在沟道均值高,但增长率低,甚至出现退化现象,在坡面均值低,但呈极显著增长。林地和草地增加最多,说明近年来退耕还林工程效果显著。NDVI与降水相关性较高并与气温和降水都存在一定滞后现象。 相似文献
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Sebastián Albanesi Sebastián Dardanelli Laura M. Bellis 《Journal of Forest Research》2014,19(1):105-114
In central Argentina, Serrano forest has a long history of fire disturbance; however, the impact of fire on avifauna remains unknown. We compared the avian–habitat relationships in forest patches with low, moderate, and high fire regimes using a community-level (species richness, abundance, ordination and guilds) and species-level (indicator species analysis) approach. In patches under each fire condition, we recorded bird community composition, richness and abundance, and different vegetation structure variables. The site under high-severity fire regime was structurally poor and had been converted from original forest to dense grassland. There, diversity of bird community was low, retaining approximately 30 % of the species present in the least impacted site. Avian assemblage was dominated by generalist and open area birds. Guilds were underrepresented, showing an important reduction of foliage granivorous, nectarivorous, omnivores, and foliage and bark insectivorous, and absence of fly-catchers. Moreover, low abundance of forest understory, midstory, and canopy species and of birds belonging to open and closed nesting guilds was detected. By contrast, under low and moderate-severity fire regimes highest bird diversity as well as highest representativeness of most guilds was observed. Forest bird species were strongly associated with low fire disturbance, whereas moderate fire disturbance was characterized by the presence of forest and generalist species. Given the critical conservation status of Serrano forest in Córdoba, Argentina, habitat restoration and protection of forest relicts could be suitable measures to promote avifauna preservation. 相似文献
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Joana Costa Cruz Jaime Albino Ramos Luís P. da Silva Paulo Q. Tenreiro Ruben Huttel Heleno 《European Journal of Forest Research》2013,132(5-6):887-897
The conflict resulting from the expansion of human activities into natural habitats affects the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Similarly, the anthropogenic redistribution of many species all over the world affects the composition of biological communities, possibly altering their capacity to sustain key ecological functions, such as seed dispersal. Urban parks are extreme examples of such novel ecosystems resulting from the anthropogenic redistribution of species in a new ecological framework. Here, we describe the avian seed dispersal network in an urban recreational woodland in central Portugal (c.79 ha). Four quantitative seed dispersal networks were assembled by identifying intact seeds in the droppings of mist-netted birds throughout the year. Overall, 1,244 seeds were identified, representing 33 links between 15 plant species and 11 bird species. Most birds dispersed alien seeds, but these represented a small proportion of the overall network (20 % of the seeds and 13 % of the droppings). Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) was the main disperser of native and alien seeds in all seasons, particularly those of the invasive Phytolacca americana. Fleshy fruits were more abundant in summer, but were more consumed in winter, presumably when other foods were difficult to find. Our study suggests that even in a highly managed urban park, seed dispersal networks can be temporally complex and variable and that a network approach can be an important monitoring tool to detect the status of crucial ecosystem functions in rapidly changing habitats such as urban parks. 相似文献
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利用样线、样点法对南通市崇川区军山自然保护地和公园进行8次鸟类调查,并结合崇川区鸟类补充调查,共记录到鸟类11目34科63属90种,包括黑鸢(Milvus migrans)、凤头鹰(Accipiter trivirgatus)、日本松雀鹰(Accipiter gularis)、苍鹰(Accipiter gentilis)、红隼(Falco tinnunculus)、小鸦鹃(Centropus bengalensis)6种国家II级保护物种;统计分析表明,军山自然保护地与公园景区鸟类群落存在一定差异,物种丰富度更高,占整个崇川区的60%,而公园景区占比在22.22%与42.22%之间;与公园景区相比,军山自然保护地鸟类群落稳定性更高,而公园景区个别种类鸟数量较高,群落稳定性相对较差;在城市环境中,军山自然保护地可作为鸟类避难所和种源地,在保护城市生物多样性方面具有重要作用;管理部门可结合鸟类季节动态,错峰进行公园景区管理活动,如减少5—8月夏季繁殖期的喷药、剪枝等活动,以保护城市生物多样性。 相似文献
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以木兰县1989年和2011年两景Landsat TM遥感影像为主要数据,基于RS和GIS技术,在定量反演归一化植被指数（NDVI）的基础上,获取植被盖度等级图并进行动态分析。研究结果表明：近22年来NDVI在0.2～0.3面积增加的最多,为141.41km^2,在0.4～0.5减少的最多,为340.29 km^2,低盖度植被区域面积增加的最多,高盖度植被区域面积减少的最多。该研究成果对深入了解该区生态环境质量变化具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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基于MODIS-NDVI的中老缅交界区近16年植被覆盖时空变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】探讨中国、老挝、缅甸三国交界区2000—2015年植被覆盖的时空分异和演化趋势,为区内植被的科学管理和有效保护提供参考。【方法】基于中老缅交界区近16年MODIS-NDVI时序数据,借助3S技术以及均值、趋势、变异系数、Hurst指数等统计学相关方法,从多层次多角度探究区内植被覆盖的时空格局、演化规律、空间变异、可持续性及未来演化趋势等特征。【结果】NDVI年均最大值和最小值分别出现在2013(0.7794)和2002年(0.7259),整体呈增加趋势,增速表现为每10年增加1.05%;NDVI月均值以3和9月为折点,呈“S”形变化特征,其值为0.6986~0.8316,并呈上升趋势,月均增长率为0.50%;区内植被覆盖率较高,16年NDVI均值大于0.6的高植被覆盖区占比97.45%,多集中于热带雨林连片分布的山区,低于0.6的区域仅占2.55%,以各国境内主要城市中心及其外围、山区大面积裸地和澜沧江-湄公河流域沿线等区域为主;区内NDVI随海拔增加表现出持续降低趋势,高值区(NDVI≥0.6)多集中于1500m以下的中低海拔地区;2000—2015年,NDVI时间序列呈改善、退化和不变等变化趋势的区域分别占54.06%、15.62%和30.32%,其变异系数为0.0244~0.4688,空间分布上表现为较低波动变化区域>低波动变化区域>中波动变化区域>较高波动变化区域>高波动变化区域,低波动和较低波动变化区域占比合计78.49%;NDVI时间序列呈退化区域与呈高波动变化区域具有较明显的空间一致性,多集中于城镇、交通要道等建设用地以及山区大面积裸地等地区;未来,区内植被覆盖将延续过去16年变化趋势的区域占57.15%,与过去16年变化趋势相反的区域占41.09%;结合空间变化趋势特征,发现研究区未来将有39.63%、29.83%和28.98%的区域植被覆盖分别向良性、不变和恶性方向发展,1.56%的区域发展趋势不确定。【结论】中老缅交界区植被覆盖整体较好,16年来,区内植被覆盖随时间(年际、月际)变化幅度较小,并在此基础上整体呈现增加趋势,植被发展前景良好;然而,以建设用地和裸地为主的部分区域,其植被覆盖未来将出现退化趋势。区内各国应合理规划经济发展,节约、集约利用土地资源,并因地制宜地开展植树造林、退耕还林还草等生态修复工作,以促进区域生态环境的良性发展。 相似文献
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内蒙古红花尔基鸟类群落与植被类型相互关系研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
调查了内蒙北部红花尔基夏季鸟类群落,一共记录了28种鸟类。在每个实验地取5个10m×10m的样方进行植被调查。利用线性回归方程来确定植被郁闭度和鸟类数量和鸟类密度的关系。分析结果显示鸟类数量和鸟类密度的变化及鸟类群落的形成是随着森林类型和总植物量而变化。鸟类数量和密度都随总植物量的降低而减少。鸟类群落的相似性在繁殖时期非常低,在同一分类簇中,最大相似性不超过0.65。这表明鸟类群落间种类的构成存在着显著差异。鸟类的繁殖密度与森林的生长阶段具有密切的关系,一般情况下,从稀疏的草原生态系统到顶级生态系统鸟类的密度呈现逐渐增加的趋势。图3表4参21。 相似文献
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Satellite monitoring of land-use and land-cover changes in northern Togo protected areas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fousseni Folega Chun-yu Zhang Xiu-hai Zhao Kperkouma Wala Komlan Batawila Hua-guo Huang Marra Dourma Koffi Akpagana 《林业研究》2014,25(2):385-392
Remote-sensing data for protected areas in northern Togo, obtained in three different years （2007, 2000, and 1987）, were used to assess and map changes in land cover and land use for this drought prone zone. The normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） was applied to the images to map changes in vegetation. An unsupervised classification, followed by classes recoding, filtering, identifications, area computing and post-classification process were applied to the composite of the three years of NDVI images. Maximum likelihood classification was applied to the 2007 image （ETM＋2007） using a supervised classification process. Seven vegetation classes were defined from training data sets. The seven classes included the following biomes： riparian forest, dry forest, flooded vegetation, wooded savanna, fallows, parkland, and water. For these classes, the overall accuracy and the overall kappa statistic for the classi- fied map were 72.5% and 0.67, respectively. Data analyses indicated a great change in land resources; especially between 1987 and 2000 proba- bly due to the impact of democratization process social, economic, and political disorder from 1990. Wide-scale loss of vegetation occurred during this period. However, areas of vegetation clearing and regrowth were more visible between 2000 and 2007. The main source of confusion in the contingency matrix was due to heterogeneity within certain classes. It could also be due to spectral homogeneity among the classes. This research provides a baseline for future ecological landscape research and for the next management program in the area. 相似文献
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植被覆盖度是刻画地表植被覆盖的一个重要参数,也是指示生态环境变化的重要指标之一.以洱海流域1990年和2006年TM影像为数据源,利用NDVI的像元二分模型法对洱海流域1990年和2006年植被覆盖度进行遥感估算,并进行变化分析.结果显示,近17年来洱海流域植被覆盖度总体上有所提高,无植被覆盖区域面积明显下降,高植被覆盖占全植被覆盖区域面积比大幅提高,二者面积比近50％;在空间分布上,洱海流域上游地区、东部部分地区植被覆盖度相对较低,对地区生态环境稳定构成重大威胁,将是今后洱海流域生态建设和整治的重点区域. 相似文献
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To gain insight into the question of which vegetation characteristics have the most influence on avian assemblages in late-successional forests, the habitat preferences of bird-guilds in old-growth endemic forests of Macedonian pine were studied over 3 years in the Pirin National Park, Bulgaria. Bird–habitat relationships were investigated by comparing vegetation characteristics, and bird species richness, diversity, abundance, and guild structure of birds (determined according to food type, foraging and nesting sites) between mature (60–100 years old) and over-mature (>120 years old) Macedonian pine forest stands. Studied forest age-classes differed mainly by the density, height and diameter of trees, and the amount of dead wood. The first one of these parameters decreased and the latter two parameters increased with the forest succession. The difference in the vegetation structure affected the abundance of bird-guilds and thus, the overall bird abundance and the structure of avian assemblages within Macedonian pine forests. There was no significant difference in bird diversity among studied forest age-classes, but the overall bird abundance increased with forest maturation. Analyzed by study plots, species richness was higher in over-mature forests, but at cluster level, there was no significant difference between mature and over-mature forest age-classes. Half of the studied (insectivorous, hole- and ground-nesters, bark- and canopy-foraging bird species) guilds were more abundant in over-mature forests, while there was no bird-guild exhibiting a preference for mature forest stands. The abundances of bird-guilds were correlated with tree height, diameter at breast height and the amount of dead wood between the studied forest age-classes and this might explain their preferences for over-mature pine forests. Therefore, for future sustainable management of these endemic forests and the conservation of their avifauna, efforts should focus on protecting the remaining native old-growth forest stands and the importance of the structure of Macedonian pine forests on their bird assemblages should be considered in forestry practices. 相似文献
