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喀斯特石漠化地区复杂的人类活动和特殊的地上与地下二元结构水文系统以及碳酸岩丰富的节理裂隙导致了土壤水分渗漏强烈,地表干旱缺水,临时性干旱严重,使该区植物普遍遭受干旱胁迫,影响植物的生长与发育。文中通过综述干旱胁迫对喀斯特地区植物的影响,从植物形态特征、光合作用、渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶系统等方面分析植物应对干旱胁迫的机理机制,得出喀斯特地区植物一般具有发达的叶片表皮毛、较厚的角质层、强壮发达的根系特征并通过叶片的气孔调节应对干旱。此外,植物体通过积累脯氨酸、可溶性糖等渗透调节物质,增强抗氧化酶系统的活性来抗旱。提出通过抗旱锻炼、矿质肥料、化学和微生物调控以及抗旱品种的选育等途径来提高植物的抗旱性。建议今后的研究应加强模拟实验与野外验证实验相结合、分析植物对多种逆境的交叉响应,综合分析生长生理生态基因等特征,建立符合当地植物的抗旱评价体系,以及研究喀斯特和非喀斯特环境中植物对干旱胁迫适应的差异性来分析植物对干旱胁迫适应的机理机制,以期为深入研究喀斯特石漠化地区植物的抗旱性能提供参考,并为植被恢复及物种选择提供支持。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫下4种楸树嫁接苗叶绿素含量的变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了提高楸树嫁接苗的抗旱性,用盆栽自然干旱法对4种砧木嫁接的豫楸1号幼苗(砧1为金丝楸,砧2为灰楸,砧3为豫楸1号,砧4为梓树)进行干旱胁迫试验。在试验过程中,系统测定了叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素(a b)含量及叶绿素(a/b)比值的变化。结果表明:4种砧木嫁接的豫楸1号幼苗随干旱胁迫的加剧叶绿素a含量均出现逐渐降低的趋势,含量从高到低依次为砧1嫁接苗、砧3嫁接苗、砧4嫁接苗、砧2嫁接苗,其中砧1与砧2嫁接苗间叶绿素a含量差异显著;叶绿素b含量在干旱胁迫期间总的变化趋势为先增加后降低,但变化幅度均不大;叶绿素(a b)含量变化趋势与叶绿素a含量变化趋势相同,其中砧1与砧2嫁接苗叶绿素(a b)含量差异显著;叶绿素(a/b)比值的变化趋势与叶绿素b含量变化相反。以叶绿素a、叶绿素(a b)含量的变化趋势及叶绿素(a/b)比值为依据来确定不同砧木嫁接的豫楸1号幼苗抗旱能力从强到弱依次为砧1嫁接苗、砧3嫁接苗、砧4嫁接苗、砧2嫁接苗。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫对植物生长及其生理的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
干旱胁迫严重影响植物的生长、发育和繁殖等生命活动,也是人们研究最多的逆境因子之一。干旱胁迫影响植物的形态结构和生理功能。植物生物量、用水效率、光合系统、渗透调节能力、细胞膜的稳定性、抗氧化系统的防御能力及激素水平等指标的变化,常被用来判断植物抵御干旱胁迫的能力。该文就干旱胁迫下植物上述指标等方面响应变化的研究做了简要综述。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫对豫楸1号嫁接苗的生理生化影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以1年生豫楸1号四种砧木嫁接苗(金丝楸、豫楸1号、灰楸和梓树)为试验材料通过盆栽干旱胁迫以正常浇水处理为对照,研究了不同程度干旱胁迫对这四种不同砧木豫楸1号嫁接苗在保护酶活性、脂膜透性、过氧化物的反应物积累和细胞渗透调节性物质等方面的生理生化影响。结果表明:保护酶SOD活性先上升后下降,活性表现明显的是金丝楸嫁接苗;MDA的积累都有明显增加,金丝楸嫁接苗积累最少,增加较多的是梓树嫁接苗和灰楸嫁接苗;脂膜透性都有不同程度的上升,其中梓树嫁接苗和灰楸嫁接苗上升较快,金丝楸嫁接苗积累较少。可溶性蛋白的含量都有不同程度的上升,其中金丝楸嫁接苗积累较多。经过对几项生理指标的综合方差[1]分析,认为金丝楸嫁接苗相对于其他三个品种具有较强的抗旱能力。 相似文献
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刚毛柽柳NAC24基因的表达及抗逆功能分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】NAC类转录因子是植物特有的最大的转录因子家族之一,广泛参与植物的生长发育过程,并在植物响应盐、干旱等多种非生物胁迫的过程中发挥至关重要的调控作用。本研究拟从盐生木本植物刚毛柽柳中克隆获得一个NAC转录因子基因,研究该基因的耐盐、抗旱功能,以期为研究木本植物NAC转录因子的抗逆分子机制奠定理论基础。【方法】在刚毛柽柳NaHCO_3胁迫转录组数据库中筛选获得一个NAC转录因子基因,将其命名为ThNAC24(GenBank登陆号:KF031949)。利用生物信息学工具将其与其他9个物种的NAC蛋白进行多序列比对,与拟南芥105个NAC蛋白进行进化树分析。分别用300 mmol·L-1 NaCl和400 mmol·L-1甘露醇对刚毛柽柳进行胁迫,在胁迫6、12、24和48 h后分别取刚毛柽柳根及叶组织。通过实时荧光定量RT-PCR(qRT-PCR)技术分析盐、干旱胁迫下ThNAC24基因在不同胁迫时间点及不同组织的表达情况,初步鉴定其是否响应盐、干旱胁迫。为进一步研究ThNAC24基因的抗逆功能,分别构建植物过表达(pROKⅡ-ThNAC24)及抑制表达(pFGC5941-ThNAC24)载体。利用农杆菌介导的高效瞬时遗传转化体系获得ThNAC24基因瞬时过表达(OE)、抑制表达(IE)及对照(Control)刚毛柽柳植株。在盐、干旱胁迫下分析比较了ThNAC24基因瞬时过表达、抑制表达及对照刚毛柽柳植株的二氨基联苯胺(DAB)和氯化硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)染色情况,过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,及电解质渗透率、失水率及丙二醛(MDA)含量,鉴定ThNAC24基因的耐盐、抗旱功能。【结果】ThNAC24基因的开放阅读框为1 023 bp,编码340个氨基酸。多序列比对结果显示ThNAC24在N端的氨基酸序列相似度比较高,具有NAC家族的序列特征;系统进化树分析结果显示ThNAC24与ANAC103和ANAC082的亲缘关系较近。qRT-PCR结果显示:盐胁迫下,ThNAC24基因上调表达,在根组织中胁迫12 h表达量最高,而叶组织中胁迫24 h的表达量最高;干旱胁迫下,ThNAC24基因上调表达,在根组织中胁迫6 h表达量最高,在叶组织中胁迫12 h的表达量最高。ThNAC24基因在刚毛柽柳根和叶组织中均有表达且响应盐和干旱胁迫。过表达ThNAC24基因显著降低了刚毛柽柳H_2O_2和超氧阴离子含量,增强了POD和SOD酶的活性,从而减少活性氧(ROS)的积累。过表达ThNAC24基因能够降低刚毛柽柳在逆境胁迫下的电解质渗透率、失水率及MDA的积累,从而保护细胞膜结构的完整性。【结论】刚毛柽柳ThNAC24基因能够响应盐、干旱胁迫,过表达ThNAC24基因植株通过增强POD和SOD活性,进而提高ROS清除能力,减少细胞受损或死亡,从而提高刚毛柽柳的耐盐及抗旱能力。 相似文献
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《林业研究》2016,(3)
Sophora moorcroftiana is an endemic, droughtresistant shrub that grows in Tibet and has some degree of resistance to salt, cold, heat, and drought. In the present study, four dehydration responsive element-binding(DREB) genes(Sm DREB1, Sm DREB2, Sm DREB and Sm DREB1) were isolated from S. moorcroftiana for the first time and their expression and proline content under abiotic stress were analyzed. Proline accumulated in seedlings under drought, salt, cold, and heat stress treatments. The four genes were variously expressed in response to the four abiotic stresses. Sm DREB1 was induced by drought, cold, and heat stresses; Sm DREB2 and Sm DREB4 were both induced by salt, cold, and heat stresses, whereas Sm DREB3 was induced by drought and heat stresses. Thus, these four genes may participate in conferring tolerance to these four abiotic stresses and are candidate genes for genetic engineering in the future. 相似文献
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干旱胁迫对华南地区三种苗木蒸腾耗水的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
石灰岩裸露地区土壤普遍具有土层浅薄、保水性差的特征,因此石灰岩地区植物会经常面临干旱胁迫逆境。该研究选择华南石灰岩地区常见的任豆,以及两种石灰岩地区造林供选树种楝叶吴茱萸、车轮梅,通过比较分析这三种植物的盆栽苗木在不同的干旱胁迫程度下的叶片水势、耗水量以及耗水速率,揭示蒸腾耗水规律,为评价植物抗旱性能提供参考依据,同时为在水分亏缺条件下进行造林或者植被恢复提供理论指导。实验结果表明,三种苗木以白天的耗水为主;在不同水分条件下,日总耗水量的大小顺序均为：任豆〉车轮梅〉楝叶吴莱萸正常水分条件下三种苗木的耗水速率日变化趋势呈“单峰”曲线,轻度干旱胁迫时,楝叶吴菜萸和车轮梅的耗水速率日变化趋势则呈“双峰”曲线,其中值得注意的是在干旱胁迫较为严重时,三种苗木的耗水速率受环境温、湿度的影响比较小,在7．9～114．3μmol．m^-1·s^-1之间。综合实际耗水速率的降幅以及重度干旱胁迫下的耗水速率来看,抗旱节水性能大小为：任豆〉车轮梅〉楝叶吴茱萸。 相似文献
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采用盆栽试验方法,研究干旱胁迫下13个1a生麻栎(Quercus acutissima Carruth.)无性系的生理生化特性,并用隶属函数法对其抗旱性进行了综合评价。结果表明:参试麻栎无性系的叶片相对含水量随着干旱胁迫的加重而逐渐下降。叶片失水曲线呈现的规律性较为一致,轻度干旱胁迫下,失水量先增大后减小,中度干旱时,失水量一直下降或先增后降,重度干旱时,失水量总体曲线呈下降趋势。SOD活性随土壤干旱胁迫的加剧先增大后下降或一直下降,而各无性系可溶性糖含量的变化规律不一。综合评价得出麻栎无性系7、5、13、15和11号具有较强的耐旱能力。 相似文献
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DuJinyou ChenXiaoyang LiWei GaoQiong 《中国林学(英文版)》2004,6(2):56-62
Drought, one of the main adverse environmental factors, obviously affected plant growth and development. Many adaptive strategies have been developed in plants for coping with drought or water stress, among which osmoregulation is one of the important factors of plant drought tolerance. Many substances play important roles in plant osmoregulation for drought resistance, including proline, glycine betaine, Lea proteins and soluble sugars such as levan, trehalose, sucrose, etc. The osmoregulation mechanism and the genetic engineering of plant drought-tolerance are reviewed in this paper. 相似文献
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植物适应逆境胁迫研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
低温、干旱、土地盐碱化是影响植物生长发育的主要逆境胁迫因子。植物在逆境胁迫下的生理生化变化以及对逆境适应能力的研究是近年来研究的热点。探索如何将逆境胁迫对植物的伤害降到最低以及如何提高植物的适应性已成为研究需要解决的关键问题。研究植物的抗寒性、抗旱性、抗盐性机理,提高其耐受性,对于生态环境保护和建设具有重要意义。文中分别综述了低温胁迫、干旱胁迫、盐胁迫对植物的危害,植物耐寒性、耐旱性、耐盐性的生理生化机制,以及提高植物耐寒性、耐旱性、耐盐性的途径,展望了植物适应逆境胁迫的研究方向,以期为抗逆性植物种质的筛选和育种提供参考。 相似文献
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Mechanisms of drought stress resistance were studied in Cistus clusii Dunal and Cistus albidus L., two native Mediterranean shrubs that can withstand severe summer drought. While water deficit, solar radiation and temperature increased from winter to summer in the field, C. clusii and C. albidus reduced leaf area, increased root mass per leaf area, and showed diurnal changes in stomatal conductance to minimize water loss. In both species, the consequent reductions in CO2 assimilation were accompanied by reduced efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry, and protection against stress was afforded by enhanced de-epoxidation of violaxanthin in the xanthophyll cycle and increases in alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene. In addition, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation was observed in mesophyll cell walls of both species during the first stages of drought, although no accumulation of H2O2 was observed in chloroplasts or other organelles during the study. Despite these common responses, C. albidus and C. clusii differed in the extent of photo- and antioxidative protection. In response to drought, C. clusii showed a higher de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle and higher alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene concentrations than C. albidus. We conclude that several structural and biochemical mechanisms underlie stress resistance in C. clusii and C. albidus, and are indicative of the different degrees of stress resistance of these shrubs. 相似文献
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采用盆栽控水方法,研究了翅莢木、滇楸和银荆树3树种当年生实生苗的光合特性与抗旱性的关系.结果表明:随着干旱胁迫强度的增加和时间的延长,3树种的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)均呈下降趋势,而胞间CO2浓度则呈上升的趋势;净光合速率日变化曲线逐渐从典型的单峰型转变成双峰型,出现"光合午休"现象.在轻度胁迫和中度胁迫下,净光合速率的降低是由气孔因素和非气孔因素共同引起的:而重度胁迫下,净光合速率的降低主要是非气孔因素引起的.干旱复水后,3个树种的净光合速率均有明显的恢复.利用隶属函数与反隶属函数法对3个树种的抗旱能力进行综合评价,其抗旱能力为:银荆树＞翅莢木＞滇楸. 相似文献
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We evaluated the osmotic adjustment capacity of leaves and roots of young olive (Olea europaea L.) trees during a period of water deficit and subsequent rewatering. The trials were carried out in Basilicata (40 degrees 24' N, 16 degrees 48' E) on 2-year-old self-rooted olive plants (cv. 'Coratina'). Plants were subjected to one of four drought treatments. After 13 days of drought, plants reached mean predawn leaf water potentials of -0.45 +/- 0.015 MPa (control), -1.65 +/- 0.021 (low stress), -3.25 +/- 0.035 (medium stress) and -5.35 +/- 0.027 MPa (high stress). Total osmotic adjustment increased with increasing severity of drought stress. Trees in the high stress treatment showed total osmotic adjustments ranging between 2.4 MPa at 0500 h and 3.8 MPa at 1800 h on the last day of the drought period. Osmotic adjustment allowed the leaves to reach leaf water potentials of about -7.0 MPa. Active osmotic adjustment at predawn decreased during the rewatering period in both leaves and roots. Stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate declined with increasing drought stress. Osmotic adjustment in olive trees was associated with active and passive osmotic regulation of drought tolerance, providing an important mechanism for avoiding water loss. 相似文献
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通过采取不同时间的水分控制处理对刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）和紫穗槐（Amorpha fruticosa）2树种的抗旱能力进行了试验比较,结果表明：当受到水分胁迫时,2种植物体内Pro含量均有不同程度的升高,紫穗槐Pro含量的峰值为184.37μg·g-1,刺槐的峰值为119.35μg·g-1,刺槐的耐脱水能力比紫穗槐弱;从干旱胁迫条件下2植物体内超氧化物歧化酶活性、丙二醛含量、相对含水量和水分饱和亏缺等指标的变化也得出紫穗槐的抗旱性强于刺槐。 相似文献
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Prunus ferganensis (Kost. & Riab) Kov. & Kost, a close relative of cultivated peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.), is native to arid regions of central Asia. A distinguishing feature of P. ferganensis is its prominent, elongated, unbranched pattern of leaf venation. To determine whether the long-vein trait could be used as a marker in breeding for drought tolerance, we investigated the association between this trait and the leaf morphological and physiological parameters related to drought response in P. ferganensis, P. persica and two interspecific hybrids, one with the long-vein trait (BY94P7585) and one without (BY94P7589). The four genotypes were grafted onto "Guardian" peach rootstock and half of the plants were assigned to a drought treatment in which irrigation was limited to 25-50% of the evapotranspiration (ET) rate measured in the remaining well-watered plants, which were irrigated to runoff daily. The drought treatment reduced photosynthesis and leaf conductance by 49-83% and reduced total leaf area per plant by 17-24%, but generally did not affect mid-morning leaf water potential. Leaf gas exchange did not differ among genotypes in either treatment. Sorbitol accumulated in mature leaves in response to drought, but neither its amount nor its metabolism varied systematically with climatic adaptation among genotypes. Accumulation of transport sugars was highest in P. ferganensis, indicating that growth reduction may represent an important strategy for coping with drought in this species. Prunus ferganensis and the hybrids had higher ET than P. persica, and seemed to use water opportunistically, maintaining high gas exchange rates and consequently high ET when water was available, and avoiding low water potentials through stomatal closure as soil water declined. Leaf size (cm(2) leaf(-1)) and specific leaf area (cm(2) g(-1) dry mass) were lower in P. ferganensis and the hybrids than in P. persica. We conclude that the long-vein trait is not a reliable marker for drought tolerance, but leaf traits of P. ferganensis such as size and specific leaf area may be useful in P. persica breeding programs targeting drought tolerance. 相似文献