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两株益生菌对16种抗菌药敏感性测定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对沧海生物公司生产的益生素产品“康源菌宝”中两种主要益生菌－乳酸杆菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌进行了16种抗菌药的药敏实验。结果表明,头孢呋新、四环素、庆大霉素、青霉素、复合磺胺对两种菌无任何抑制作用;其他抗菌药对其均有不同程度的抑制作用,链霉素、利福平、头孢三嗪、头孢哌酮抑制作用最小;卡那霉素对乳酸杆菌抑制作用最小,对蜡样芽孢杆菌抑制作用较小。 相似文献
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霉菌属于微生物中的一类真菌,它在代谢过程中产生的许多毒素具有抗菌、抗原虫和抗真菌的能力,对抗生素发酵具有非常大的危害和破坏力。本文综述了霉菌在抗生素发酵中的危害和特性,以及在抗生素发酵中对于霉菌如何进行有效的防治处理。 相似文献
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[目的]研究抗菌肽对抗生素耐药菌株的抑菌活性。[方法]利用抗性平板划线法从腹泻病牛血便中筛选分离出1株耐药菌,通过16S rDNA序列进行鉴定,采用琼脂孔穴扩散法通过梯度盐酸壮观霉素（spectinomycin,Spe+）、氨苄青霉素（ampicillin,Amp+）、硫酸卡那霉素（kanamycin,Kan+）和氯霉素（chloramphenicol,Cm+）试验确定该菌药敏特性,并利用1种抗菌肽制剂对该菌株进行药敏试验。[结果]经BLAST比对分析该菌16S rDNA序列,鉴定该耐药菌为科氏葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus cohnii）,此菌对Amp+敏感,但对试验中其他抗生素均有耐药性,各梯度抗菌肽对该耐药菌均具有明显的抑菌活性。[结论]抗菌肽能有效抑制耐药科氏葡萄球菌的生长,有望在畜牧生产中代替抗生素使用。 相似文献
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A total of 60 Staphylococcus intermedins strains from dogs were investigated by their sensitivity to various antibiotics (50 strains) and by their rRNA gene restriction patterns (ribotyping) (60 strains). Fifteen isolates were from healthy dogs, 9 with otitis externa, and 36 with pyoderma, including 10 strains from a previous study. Sixty per cent of the 50 strains tested for antibiotic susceptibility demonstrated resistance to penicillin, 24% to spiramycin, 20% to tetracycline, 16% to chloramphenicol, and 2% to fucidic acid. All isolates were susceptible to amoxycillin with clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin, and sulphonamides with trimethoprim. There were no significant differences in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns observed among isolates from pyoderma, otitis externa or healthy dogs. Among the 60 strains studied by ribotyping, 10 different ribotypes were identified: 6 different ribotypes among isolates from otitis externa, 8 among isolates from pyoderma, and 5 among isolates from healthy dogs. One ribotype (profile C) was dominant among the isolates from healthy dogs while another ribotype (profile A) was dominant among strains from dogs suffering from pyoderma. This profile was not demonstrated in any of the strains from healthy dogs. From 5 different dogs suffering from pyoderma, 2 different clones were demonstrated based on their plasmid profile and antibiogram. In these dogs 1 of the clones always belonged to ribotype A. The results concerning strains of S. intermedins isolated from furunculosis suggest the existence of distinct subpopulations with different pathogenicity to dogs. 相似文献
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Comparison of direct sampling and brochoalveolar lavage for determining active drug concentrations in the pulmonary epithelial lining fluid of calves injected with enrofloxacin or tilmicosin 
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下载免费PDF全文 D. M. Foster H. J. Sylvester M. G. Papich 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2017,40(6):e45-e53
Antibiotic distribution to interstitial fluid (ISF) and pulmonary epithelial fluid (PELF) was measured and compared to plasma drug concentrations in eight healthy calves. Enrofloxacin (Baytril® 100) was administered at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg subcutaneously (SC), and tilmicosin (Micotil® 300) was administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg SC. PELF, sampled by two different methods—bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and direct sampling (DS)—plasma, and ISF were collected from each calf and measured for tilmicosin, enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on the concentrations in each fluid, for each drug. The enrofloxacin/ciprofloxacin concentration as measured by AUC in DS samples was 137 ± 72% higher than in plasma, but in BAL samples, this value was 535 ± 403% (p < .05). The concentrations of tilmicosin in DS and BAL samples exceeded plasma drug concentrations by 567 ± 189% and 776 ± 1138%, respectively. The enrofloxacin/ciprofloxacin concentrations collected by DS were significantly different than those collected by BAL, but the tilmicosin concentrations were not significantly different between the two methods. Concentrations of enrofloxacin/ciprofloxacin exceeded the MIC values for bovine respiratory disease pathogens but tilmicosin did not reach MIC levels for these pathogens in any fluids. 相似文献
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在畜禽养殖减抗、禁抗的背景下,替抗产品的开发和应用似乎非中草药莫属,实践证明中草药饲料添加剂代替抗生素作动物抑菌促生长剂是可行的,不仅可以获得良好的防病抗病和促生长效果,而且也解决了抗药性和药残问题。但是中草药由于种类繁多、成分复杂,栽培、加工、运输、保存、环节多,作用机理不明,以及质量控制标准不完善等,将中草药替代抗生素用于畜禽养殖前路慢慢且千沟万壑。 相似文献
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2018年4月20日,农业农村部出台了《兽用抗菌药使用减量化行动试点工作方案(2018—2021年)》(以下简称《方案》)。从国家层面来看,《方案》旨在通过推进养殖业的绿色发展进程,从而进一步实现振兴乡村这一伟大目标。对于畜牧业而言,国家的此项举措无疑是为了促进畜牧行业的长远发展,但是在实施过程中,势必会与当下的养殖现状产生一些冲突。对于这些冲突,我们需要分析其成因及影响,从而为保证方案的顺利实施提供可供参考的措施。文章以生猪养殖为例,结合《方案》出台的背景,从可能出现的问题以及应对措施等方面进行分析、论述,从而为养猪人应对减抗、限抗提供参考依据。 相似文献
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抗生素的滥用使细菌耐性问题日趋恶化,从细菌耐药性的定义、耐药机理及危害出发,简要阐述和分析了动物源细菌抗菌药物耐药性的现状及对策,并简述我国动物源细菌耐药性研究进展。 相似文献
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对来自禽养殖场的季铵盐抗性菌进行分离及鉴定,并通过分析第一类整合子特性来探讨整合子对细菌耐药性的影响。生化鉴定耐药菌,采用K-B法研究菌株对10种抗生素的药敏试验,PCR法扩增一类整合酶基因和内部的基因盒,电泳检测后测序。结果显示：22株菌全部对至少3种抗生素表现出耐药性。Ⅰ类整合子检测全部阳性,检出率为100%。对其基因盒进行扩增,只有11株检测含有耐药基因盒,其序列分析显示多对甲氧苄啶、氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药。Ⅰ类整合子广泛存在于禽养殖环境菌中,其对细菌多重耐药的产生和传播起着重要作用。 相似文献
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随着我国养殖业的迅猛发展,各种疾病的发生和危害日益加重,特别是病毒性疫病,已成为传染病的主体。对于病毒性疾病的治疗仍然缺乏有效的药物,且大多数尚无效果可靠的疫苗,再加上新发和再发病不断出现,使得病毒病危害尤为突出,急待寻找提高机体免疫、抵抗病毒感染的替代药物。干扰素(IFN)作为一种细胞因子具有广谱抗病毒、抗肿瘤和免疫调节活性,还可以促进机体免疫反应,提高机体抗病毒感染能力,使病毒在机体存活和复制的几率降到最低。目前发现Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型3种类型的IFN,利用3种类型的IFN的抗病毒和调节免疫的功能,研究抑制病毒复制的新型生物制剂,成为人们关注和研究的热点,为病毒性疫病,特别是新发或突发的重大疫病防控提供参考。 相似文献
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Trishna Patel K. Gary Magdesian Krista E. Estell Judy M. Edman Heather K. Knych 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(6):609-616
Chloramphenicol is commonly used in horses; however, there are no studies evaluating the pharmacokinetics of veterinary canine‐approved tablets. Studies using different formulations and earlier analytical techniques led to concerns over low bioavailability in horses. Safety concerns about human health have led many veterinarians to prescribe compounded formulations that are already in suspension or paste form. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of approved chloramphenicol tablets in horses, along with compounded preparations. The hypothesis was that chloramphenicol has low absorption and a short half‐life in horses leading to low serum concentrations and that compounded preparations have lower relative bioavailability. Seven horses were administered chloramphenicol tablets (50 mg/kg orally). In a crossover design, they were administered two compounded preparations to compare all three formulations at the same dose (50 mg/kg). Cmax was 5.25 ± 4.07 μg/ml at 4.89 hr, 4.96 ± 3.31 μg/ml at 4.14 hr, and 3.84 ± 2.96 μg/ml at 4.39 hr for the tablets, paste, and suspension, respectively. Elimination half‐life was 2.65 ± 0.75, 3.47 ± 1.47, and 4.36 ± 4.54 hr for tablets, paste, and suspension, respectively. The AUC0→∞ was 17.93 ± 7.69, 16.25 ± 1.85, and 14.00 ± 5.47 hr*μg/ml for the tablets, compounded paste, and compounded suspension, respectively. Relative bioavailability of compounded suspension and paste was 78.1% and 90.6%. Cmax after administration of all formulations did not reach the recommended MIC target of 8 μg/ml set by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for most bacteria. Multidose studies are warranted, but the low serum concentrations suggest that bacteria with MIC values lower than CLSI recommendations should be targeted in adult horses. 相似文献