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1.
一种水稻营养生长期快速出叶基因型的发现及初步分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对14个水稻品种分期播种试验,发现在籼稻品种盐恢559中存在一种营养生长期快速出叶基因型。将盐恢559与出叶速率最慢的Lemont进行比较,两者在各播期的播始历期均相近的情况下,前者的主茎叶片数始终比后者多4～5张,出叶速率极显著快于后者,且出叶速率差异主要表现在秧田期和大田营养生长期,幼穗分化期两品种的出叶速率差异不显著。分析盐恢559、Lemont及其配制的2个回交群体及F2群体的单株出叶速率,推测盐恢559的快速出叶性状为多基因控制的数量性状,其中可能存在效应较大的数量基因。通过对双亲及回交后代群体中部分类型亚群体性状调查发现,这种基因型出叶速率快,单株茎蘖数、茎蘖增加速度以及高峰苗均相对较高,单株有效穗数、每穗粒数明显高于出叶速率慢的类型。讨论了对这种快速出叶基因型进行深入研究的必要性及育种应用的可能性。 相似文献
2.
水稻主茎总叶数及其相关性状的QTL分析 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
用一张具有182个RFLP标记的分子连锁图谱和一套重组自交系(RIL)群体，对水稻植株主茎总叶片数、叶片生长速率、抽穗期和株高等数量性状进行QTL区间作图研究，定位了影响水稻出叶速率的8个QTL，主茎总叶片数的2个QTL、抽穗期的3个QTL和株高的4个QTL。对这些QTL的遗传效应分析并结合先前用同组合材料研究结果，为进一步明确一些QTL的基因功能提供了有用的信息。如控制水稻主茎总叶片数的一个主效QTL，即QLn3，它同时影响分蘖期出叶速率、抽穗期及株高等数量性状。该位点来自特青的等位基因，其加性效应可使水稻在温室冬季短日条件下主茎总叶片数增加1.5叶左右，抽穗期延迟9 d，同时具有使分蘖期出叶速率降低0.2叶/10 d的效应。由于该QTL位点的基因不受光照长度的影响，说明它们有可能是由一个影响水稻基本营养生长期的基因控制或者这些基因紧密连锁；而另一个QTL（QHd8）位点的基因对主茎总叶数、抽穗期和株高的效应似乎受光照长度的影响较大。 相似文献
3.
以高产优质粳稻品种南粳5718和中产优质粳稻品种常农粳10号为参试材料,比较研究不同基因型品种分蘖发生与成穗特性的蘖位差异,明确高产味优基因型品种的优势叶位。结果表明,高产味优基因型与中产味优基因型在水稻分蘖发生与成穗特性上存在明显差异。与中产味优基因型相比,高产味优基因型一次和二次分蘖发生率与成穗率高,单株与群体成穗数多,花后各蘖位光合特性好,促进了库容充实,最终产量较高,南粳5718产量较常农粳10号显著提高7.7%,较多的有效穗数是其产量优势形成的重要基础。与常农粳10号相比,南粳5718拔节期群体穗数较低,但抽穗期和成熟期则较高。南粳5718和常农粳10号分蘖发生与成穗的优势叶位较为一致,一次分蘖中以4/0、5/0和6/0为主,二次分蘖则以1/4和1/5为主。南粳5718单株成穗数、一次和二次分蘖成穗个数显著高于常农粳10号。不同蘖位对单株成穗数和群体产量的贡献率均表现为一次分蘖>主茎>二次分蘖。南粳5718和常农粳10号产量差异主要体现在一次分蘖和二次分蘖上,南粳5718在花后30 d一次分蘖和二次分蘖剑叶的光合速率和叶绿素含量均显著高于常农粳10号。 相似文献
4.
籼粳交重组自交系群体主要农艺性状分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用方差分析、相关分析和多元逐步回归分析等方法对籼粳交（Lemont×特青）构建的一套包括265个重组自交系（RIL）群体(F14)的株高、生育期、产量和产量构成因子等10个重要农艺性状进行了研究。结果表明,除株高和有效穗以外,8个农艺性状在双亲之间均存在显著或极显著差异。各性状在RIL群体中呈连续变异,分布频率大致接近正态分布,同时存在双向超亲分离现象。单株产量与结实率、粒数和株高呈极显著相关;除千粒重外,所有性状均与株高具有相关性。对单株产量作用大的性状依次为结实率、有效穗、每穗粒数和千粒重,这4个性状解释了单株产量90.7%的变异。另外还对6份优良株系进行了评价。这些结果可为水稻数量性状基因定位分析提供有用的信息,也为水稻育种改良提供理论依据。 相似文献
5.
减数分裂期高温对水稻穗粒数影响的定量分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】穗粒数是水稻产量构成因子之一。为明确减数分裂期高温对水稻穗粒数的可能影响,构建其定量估算模型,【方法】于2014-2015年以两优培九和南粳45为供试材料,于减数分裂期设置不同强度和持续时间的高温处理,以自然无高温环境为对照,分析了减数分裂期不同高温强度和高温持续时间对穗粒数的影响,建立了减数分裂期高温与穗粒数的定量关系,最后根据温度日变化特征,构建了自然环境下的减数分裂期高温对穗粒数的定量影响算法。【结果】减数分裂期高温对穗粒数的影响程度与高温强度、持续时间有关。同样高温条件下,穗粒数随高温持续天数增加呈指数减少;日相对穗粒数随温度增加而减少,可用二次曲线进行描述。穗粒数对高温敏感的终止时间大约为抽穗前5 d。利用2015年试验资料对上述模型进行了检验,两优培九和南粳45穗粒数模拟值的相对均方根差为0.094和0.085,说明模型可很好地模拟减数期高温对穗粒数的影响。【结论】对完善高温对水稻生长过程的定量影响具有重要作用。 相似文献
6.
大田全生育期盐水灌溉胁迫筛选水稻耐盐恢复系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2009-2010年在浙江省三门县沿海滩涂采用0.5%盐浓度海水进行全生育期灌溉的方法,以胁迫后植株存活率、单株结实率和单株粒重为指标对明恢86背景的49个回交导入系群体进行全生育期耐盐性评价。结果表明,不同群体的田间耐盐性存在很大差异,粳稻供体导入系群体的田间耐盐性总体好于籼稻供体的导入系群体,而且在同一亚种内不同供体品种的导入系群体的耐盐性差异明显。其中,沈农265、Y134、早籼14和Gayabyeo 为供体的4个导入系群体的耐盐株系的比率较高,分别为10.04%、6.98%、11.83%和7.9%。耐盐重复鉴定表明,大田全生育期耐盐性鉴定结果具有较高的可靠性。在常规栽培条件下对丰产性较好的耐盐恢复系与协青早A测交种进行鉴定,筛选出单株穗数、每穗总粒数和千粒重优势明显,单株产量比生产上对照组合显著增加的杂交组合6个。研究表明,利用大田全生育期盐胁迫筛选耐盐恢复系,不仅可以选育到在常规栽培条件下的高产组合,而且将为高产耐盐杂交新组合的选育创造有利条件。 相似文献
7.
《Field Crops Research》2007,102(1):9-21
We evaluated the genotypic differences in grain yield of 14 rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes with different phenology under four growing conditions: transplanting (TP) or direct-seeding (DS) in a toposequentially lower (with favorable water conditions) or upper (drought at around flowering stage) field at Ubon Ratchathani, northeastern Thailand. Thirteen of the genotypes – five early-maturing, four intermediate, and four late – had been bred for rainfed lowlands in northern and northeastern Thailand. IR24, a semi-dwarf, high-yielding, and early-maturing genotype bred for irrigated lowlands, was included for comparison. Genotypic differences in grain yield were significant in a combined analysis of all 4 growing conditions, and both high sink size (spikelet number per area) and high ripened grain percentage were associated with high yield. IR24 did not out-yield the rainfed-lowland genotypes, and its yield was particularly low in DS, owing to poor shoot dry matter production and low spikelet number per panicle. In the lower field, the interaction between cultivation method and genotype was also significant. In the lower field, late maturity was more strongly related to high shoot dry weight at maturity in TP than in DS; some of the early- to intermediate-maturing genotypes in DS produced shoot dry weights at maturity that were comparable to those of the late-maturing genotypes. High shoot dry matter production and large spikelet number per panicle were associated with high grain yield in DS genotypes in the lower field, whereas in TP genotypes with large numbers of panicles were required for high grain yield. Although the field location–genotype interaction and the field location–cultivation method–genotype interaction were not significant, regression analysis showed that late-maturing genotypes yielded less than earlier maturing genotypes, owing to the smaller ripened grain percentage resulting from late-season drought, in the upper field but not in the lower field. The presence of a trade-off between number of ripened grains and grain size in the lower field indicated the possibility of increasing the yield in rainfed-lowland genotypes by increasing assimilation capacity during grain filling. Phenology is important in the development of higher-yielding genotypes for different cultivation methods and different toposequential positions. 相似文献
8.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):279-288
AbstractSpikelet number per panicle (SPP), differentiated spikelet number per panicle (D-SPP), and preflowering aborted spikelet number per panicle (A-SPP) were examined in five rice cultivars at three planting densities (HD; high, MD; medium, LD; low planting density) in the field condition. Rice plants at LD produced a higher panicle number per plant but lower panicle number per unit area, accompanied by higher D-SPP and SPP, on average. A-SPP and the ratio of A-SPP to D-SPP (%A) showedno consistent trends. There was a broader range of D-SPP values at LD than at HD because of larger D-SPP in higher order panicles (panicles with a higher spikelet number). D-SPP was smaller in lower order panicles in all cultivars and years, whereas %A increased. D-SPP and SPP of each panicle were positively correlated with tiller size (tiller height, leaf area, and neck internode diameter). Spikelet production efficiency for D-SPP or for SPP (spikelet number per leaf area) of each tiller was higher in IR65564-44-51 (NPT65) and Akihikari than in the other cultivars, indicating a greater capacity of tillers to produce spikelets or support spikelet growth. In each cultivar except NPT65, spikelet production efficiency for D-SPP increased as panicle order decreased, whereas spikelet production efficiency for SPP remained constant or decreased. This finding indicates that irrespective of planting density, lower order panicles produce more spikelets than they can afford physiologically, but they were regulated downward to a nearly constant value in four cultivars. In NPT65 different from other cultivars, spikelet production efficiency for D-SPP was lower in lower order panicles. 相似文献
9.
Vijayaraghavareddy Preethi Xinyou Yin C. Struik Paul Makarla Udayakumar Sreeman Sheshshayee 《水稻科学》2020,27(4):345-354
Rice yield reduction due to water limitation depends on its severity and duration and on the phenological stage of its occurrence. We exposed three contrasting rice genotypes, IR64, UPLRi7 and Apo (adapted to lowland, upland and aerobic conditions, respectively), to three water regimes (puddle, 100% and 60% field capacity) in pots during the vegetative (GSI), flowering (GSII) and grain filling (GSIII) stages. Stress at all the three stages significantly reduced yield especially in lowland genotype IR64. Effect of water limitation was more severe at GSII than at the other two stages. Stress at GSI stage reduced both source activity (leaf area and photosynthetic rate) and sink capacity (tiller number or panicle number per pot). When stress was imposed at GSII, spikelet fertility was most affected in all the three genotypes. In both GSII and GSIII, although leaf area was constant in all the three water regimes, estimated relative whole-plant photosynthesis was strongly associated with yield reduction. Reduced photosynthesis due to stress at any given stage was found to have direct impact on yield. Compared to the other genotypes, Apo had deeper roots and maintained a better water relation, thus, higher carbon gain and spikelet viability, and ultimately, higher biomass and productivity under water-limited conditions. Therefore, screening for these stage-dependent adaptive mechanisms is crucial in breeding for sustained rice production under water limitation. 相似文献
10.
稻穗枝梗和颖花形成的基因型及播期效应分析 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
以71个不同基因型水稻为材料,通过大田条件下的分期播种,于齐穗期考查了稻穗枝梗和颖花形成有关指标,分析了各指标的基因型和播期效应及其相互关系。结果表明： 1）各基因型间现存一次枝梗数、一次枝梗退化数、现存颖花数、一次枝梗分化数、现存二次枝梗数的基因型值和播期效应值差异均显著,且5个指标的差异仅与特定的基因型有关,而与其是否属于杂交组合、常规品种和雄性不育系等类型无关。2）现存一次枝梗数、现存二次枝梗数、现存颖花数、一次枝梗分化数4个指标的基因型值较大,播期效应值较小;一次枝梗退化数播期效应值较大。3）单穗颖花现存数（即每穗总粒数）与现存一次枝梗数、一次枝梗分化数、现存二次枝梗数呈密切正相关,与一次枝梗退化数相关性小,现存一次枝梗数主要通过改变现存二次枝梗数来影响单穗颖花现存数。另外,还综合分析了供试71个材料单穗颖花现存数的基因型值和播期效应值,并对其大穗潜力进行了评价。 相似文献
11.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):252-257
SummaryFive rice genotypes including 4 breeding lines (lines 36 and 42 from the cross of Aoinokaze//Lemont/ Hinohikari and 53 and 76 from Yumehikari//Lemont/Hinohikari) and a reference cultivar, Hinohikari, were grown under various environmental conditions (year, location, plant density and nitrogen level) to determine the genotype-environment interactions for yield, yield components and yield adaptability in water direct-seeded culture. No genotype-year interactions were found in yield or yield components, i.e., the ranking of the genotypes did not change across the years. The interactions of genotype with plant density and nitrogen level were significant only in the percentage of filled grains, indicating that the ranking of rice genotypes for yield traits except the percentage of filled grains remained constant across plant densities and nitrogen levels. There were significant differences in the ranking in grain yield of genotypes between the plants cultivated in Fukuoka and Chikushino. However, line 42 was ranked the highest at both locations. The adaptability to environmental conditions evaluated by a regression method varied with the genotype and line 42 which showed high average yield and higher yield in high-yielding conditions was selected to be suitable for direct-seeded culture. 相似文献
12.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):405-411
AbstractSupernodulating soybean lines have more than several times as many nodules as normal cultivars. They are expected to have high nitrogen-fixing ability and enhanced productivity, but their yields have been inferior to those of normal genotypes. We have recently developed a new supernodulating cultivar,‘Sakukei 4’(formerly ‘En-b0-1-2’, presently‘Kanto 100’), with improved growth and yield. The objective of the present study was to identify the characteristics of the nodulation and nitrogen-fixing ability of Sakukei 4. In pot trials, the nodule number of Sakukei 4 was 8.3 times that of a normal cultivar,‘Enrei’, and the nodule weight per plant was 2.3 to 2.8 times the value for Enrei. The acetylene reduction activity per plant in Sakukei 4 was higher than that in Enrei and conventional supernodulating genotypes, especially during the late growth stage. Compared with conventional supernodulating lines, the improved vegetative growth in shoots and roots of Sakukei 4, especially after flowering, probably enhanced its nitrogen-fixing ability per plant. We consider that its high nitrogen-fixing ability at the seed-filling stage, would help increase its yield in fields with low nitrogen fertility. 相似文献
13.
为了解燕麦穗粒数形成过程与源、库特征之间的关系，连续两年以10个不同来源、熟期、穗型、株型、小穗数的燕麦品种为试验材料，测定三叶期至拔节期的幼穗分化阶段及抽穗期源库特征，采用方差分析、聚类分析、逐步回归分析等方法，分析不同燕麦基因型源库特征及对穗粒数形成过程的影响。结果表明，燕麦穗粒数形成过程存在基因型差异，幼穗分化较好品种的穗粒数较全部品种平均值高11.22%~65.43%；幼穗分化较好品种的光合势、干物质量、粒数叶比、收获指数显著高于幼穗分化较差品种，其中粒数叶比和收获指数是影响穗粒数形成的主要因素，粒数叶比和收获指数较全部品种平均值分别高0.99%~68.74%和0.85%~13.80%。综上所述，源库协调是燕麦幼穗分化良好的生理基础，可通过提高光合势和干物质量达到增源的目的，进而提高穗粒数。 相似文献
14.
分子标记辅助选择降低籼稻057的直链淀粉含量 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18
以4种低直链淀粉含量（AC）的籼稻品种(R367、91499、盐恢559、恢527)作优质基因的供体，以产量配合力较强的三系籼稻恢复系057为受体轮回亲本，对高AC值的057进行回交改良。在回交改良中利用分子标记对控制AC值的基因型进行选择，并对分子标记鉴定的Wx基因3种表达类型（GG、TT、GT）植株稻米的AC值进行测定分析。结果显示，GG型植株的稻米AC值高于20%；GT型的变化较大，为17.71%~28.48%；TT型的小于18%。经最小显著差数法（LSR）检验，3种基因型间AC差异达极显著水平。表明这种分子标记对稻米AC值的辅助选择是可靠有效的。通过分子标记辅助选择有效降低了057的AC值。 相似文献
15.
为了确定大麦籽粒产量和苗期耐低氮能力与小孢子培养阶段的氮胁迫下愈伤组织产量之间是否存在一致性,以2份大麦基因型为供试材料,进行了以下3项研究：（1）培养基中水解干酪素和谷氨酰胺使用量对小孢子培养愈伤组织产量的影响;（2）营养液中NH4NO3不同添加量对大麦苗期生长量的影响;（3）盆栽时正常施氮与不施氮处理对大麦单株产量的影响。结果表明,培养基中氮含量的下降明显降低小孢子培养愈伤组织产量,2份基因型的降幅存在明显的差异;营养液中氮使用量的下降明显降低植株高度、主根长度和植株及根干重,2份基因型之间的降幅也存在明显的差异;盆栽时不施氮处理的大麦有效穗和单株产量低于正常施氮的对照,2份基因型间有差异。氮素胁迫下,2份基因型小孢子培养愈伤组织产量的相对值与苗期植株高度、茎叶干重、主根长度和根干重的相对值以及单株产量的相对值存在一致性,说明供试基因型小孢子水平与植株水平的耐低氮性存在相关性。 相似文献
16.
杂交稻与常规稻对涝渍环境适应能力的比较研究 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
利用形态和产量性状指标,比较分析了杂交稻和常规稻在分蘖期和孕穗期对淹涝胁迫环境适应能力的差异性。在深水涝渍条件下,杂交稻生长发育普遍快于常规稻,单蔸苗数显著高于常规稻,有效穗相对受害率低于常规稻,因而单蔸产量显著高于常规稻。分蘖期遭受淹涝胁迫杂交稻的忍耐力优于常规稻,淹涝后的活苗率显著高于常规稻;而且,受淹涝后的杂交稻比常规稻能更快地恢复生长,成熟时主要农艺性状表现是成穗率极显著高于常规稻,每穗实粒数和结实率的相对受害率极显著低于常规稻,单蔸产量的受害程度低于常规稻。孕穗期淹涝胁迫后,杂交稻和常规稻之间产量及相关经济性状的差异均未达到显著水平。 相似文献
17.
《Field Crops Research》1996,48(1):47-55
Phenological development, shoot dry matter production, grain yield and yield components of rice were examined in relation to drought occurring at various stages of growth. Rice was sown three or four times at three-week intervals in the field in each of two years, and performance in three stress trials was compared with that in corresponding irrigation trials, with the aim of quantifying the response of the crop to water stress of 23–34 days' duration developing at different growth stages. When drought occurred during vegetative stages, it had only a small effect on subsequent development and grain yield. The reduction in yield of up to 30% was due to reduced panicle number per unit area in one trial, and reduced number of spikelets per panicle in another. The effect of water stress on yield was most severe when drought occurred during panicle development. Anthesis was delayed, the number of spikelets per panicle was reduced to 60% of the irrigated control and the percentage of filled grains decreased in one crop to zero. This decrease in grain yield to less than 20% of the control was associated with low dry matter production during the drought period as well as during the recovery period following the drought. When drought occurred during grain filling, the percentage of filled grains decreased to 40% and individual grain mass decreased by 20%. The effect of stress was also related to its severity during grain filling. Stress at this stage hastened maturity. The results suggest that variation in yield components due to water availability is related to the variation in dry matter production at particular growth stages. Results of a supplementary shading experiment show that the relationship between spikelet number per panicle or single grain mass and crop growth rate was the same, whether growth rate was varied by availability of soil water or solar radiation. Filled-grain percentage, however, was more sensitive to drought stress than shading when comparison was made at a similar crop growth rate. 相似文献
18.
19.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):258-263
AbstractThe spike development in three spring wheat genotypes was studied under various cultural conditions. Two genotypes weakly responsive to cultural conditions in spikelet number per spike (T1 from Nepal and Haruyutaka from Japan) and one weakly responsive to cultural conditions in spike length (U6 from Xinjiang Uygur district of China) were grown under three cultural conditions with different seeding density and fertilization levels : 680 seeds m?2 without fertilizer (unfavorable), 340 seeds m?2 with common fertilizer (common) and 170 seeds m?1 with double fertilizer (favorable). The durations of the vegetative phase, spikelet phase and the spike elongation phase were scarcely influenced by these cultural conditions, although the leaf number was influenced. The development of spikelets seemed to be determined by several factors other than those affecting the developmental processes of the spike. In U6, the increase in shoot apex length during the floral initiation period under the favorable condition was accompanied with an increase in double ridge number and spikelet number per spike, but such a relationship was not observed in T1 and Haruyutaka. T1 and Haruyutaka had a higher rate of spikelet formation under the favorable condition than under the unfavorable condition, but U6 showed a rather lower rate of spikelet formation under the favorable condition. Thus, the effects of the cultural conditions on the spikelet number per spike differed with genotype. At the time of terminal spikelet formation, U6 tended to have a longer spike than T1 and Haruyutaka. However, since the rate of spike elongation was higher in T1 and Haruyutaka than in U6, the spike length at anthesis was shorter in U6. 相似文献
20.
Yadav SK Pandey P Kumar B Suresh BG 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2011,14(9):540-545
This study has been conducted to determine the extent of genetic association between yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its components. The present experiment was carried out with 40 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes which were evaluated in a randomized block design with 3 replications during wet season of 2007 and 2008. Results showed that sufficient amount of variability was found in the entire gene pool for all traits studied. Higher magnitude of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation was recorded for seed yield, harvest index, biological yield, number of spikelets per panicle, flag leaf length, plant height and number of tillers indicates that these characters are least influence by environment. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was registered for seed yield, harvest index, number of spikelets per panicle, biological yield and flag leaf length, suggesting preponderance of additive gene action in the expression of these characters. Grain yield was significantly and positively associated with harvest index, number of tillers per hill, number of panicle per plant, panicle length, number of spikelet's per panicle and test weight at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path coefficient analysis revealed that harvest index, biological yield, number of tillers per hill, panicle length, number of spikelets per panicle, plant height and test weight had direct positive effect on seed yield, indicating these are the main contributors to yield. From this study it may be concluded that harvest index, number of tillers per hill, panicle length and number of spikelet per panicle and test weight are the most important characters that contributed directly to yield. Thus, these characters may serve selection criteria for improving genetic potential of rice. 相似文献