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推广使用快速网开发利用上层鱼郭文建（浙江省台州市椒江区水产局，３１７７００近年来，台州市椒江区根据海洋生态环境和鱼类资源变化的新情况，利用疏目快速浮拖网捕捞青占（鲐鱼）、黄占（蓝圆鱼参）、鱼它鲣、马鲛等上层鱼，既减轻了对带鱼等经济鱼类的捕捞压力，又开... 相似文献
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灯笼鱼科鱼类种类繁多, 且同属鱼类形态学相近, 因此利用分子标记对灯笼鱼进行准确的物种鉴定具有重要价值。为探讨线粒体细胞色素 b 基因(Cyt b)和 12S rRNA 基因在灯笼鱼科物种鉴定中的适用性, 对西北太平洋采集的 56 尾灯笼鱼进行扩增, 并进行序列对比与系统发育分析。研究表明, 采集的样本包括 6 种灯笼鱼, 分别为瓦氏角灯鱼(Ceratoscopelus warmingii)、长体标灯鱼(Symbolophorus californiensis)、粗鳞灯笼鱼(Myctophum asperum)、 细泰勒灯鱼(Tarletonbeania crenularis)、日本背灯鱼(Notoscopelus japonicus)以及某背灯鱼属鱼类(Notoscopelus sp.)。 核苷酸多态性分析显示, 基于 Cyt b 基因的种内与种间遗传距离比基于 12S rRNA 基因的更大。比较灯笼鱼科 2 种基因序列的结构特征, 发现 Cyt b 基因的种间平均遗传距离是种内平均遗传距离的 25 倍, 12S rRNA 基因的种间平均遗传距离是种内平均遗传距离的 26 倍, 均符合作为 DNA 条形码的基本要求。系统进化分析显示, 每种灯笼鱼均能形成独立分支, 2 个基因均能对 6 种灯笼鱼类进行鉴别; 但在 Cyt b 基因构建的进化树中, 每种鱼类能更好与数据库中已有的序列进行聚类。综上所述, Cyt b 和 12S rRNA 作为 DNA 条形码可以有效地对灯笼鱼科鱼类物种进行鉴定, 且 Cyt b 基因在系统进化关系的研究上具有更高的适用性。 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of total replacement of fish oil (FO) with pork lard (PL), soybean oil (SO), or tea seed oil (TO) on growth and fatty acid compositions of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus). Four diets were formulated to contain 4.5 % of each of the different lipid sources. Each diet was assigned to triplicate groups of 15 hybrid tilapia with the same initial body weight (4.6 ± 0.5 g). After a 10-week feeding, the FO, SO, and TO groups had similar final body weight. The mean hepatosomatic index in the FO group was significantly lower than the other groups (2.5 vs 2.9–3.0; P < 0.05). Whole-body lipid levels were highest in the TO group (5.2 ± 0.4 %) and lowest in the FO group (4.3 ± 0.5 %). Total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) concentrations were greater in the SO and FO groups (5.5 ± 0.1 and 7.1 ± 0.2, respectively) than in the PL and TO groups (1.7 ± 0.1 and 1.4 ± 0.1, respectively). The FO group had a 2- to 4-fold reduction in the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio relative to the other groups. The concentrations of both docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the FO group than in the other groups. Our data demonstrate that total replacement of dietary FO with SO or TO has little effects on growth of hybrid tilapia but reduces the contents of health-benefiting DHA and EPA in fish body. 相似文献
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Outbreaks of mass mortality of postlarval abalone, Haliotis diversicolor supertexta, have occurred in south China since 2002 and have forced many abalone farms to close. About 30 representative bacterial strains
were isolated from a sample of five diseased postlarval abalone, taken 25 days post-fertilization during an outbreak of postlarval
disease in Shenzhen, China, in October 2006. Bacterial challenge tests showed that the predominant strain, designated as strain
22, was highly virulent to postlarvae with an LD50 value of 7.8 × 104 colony forming units (CFU) ml−1, while four of the other isolates were weakly virulent with LD50 values ranging from 1 × 106 to 1 × 107 CFU ml−1, and the remaining 25 isolates were classified as avirulent with LD50 values greater than 1 × 108 CFU ml−1. By means of API 20NE and 16S rDNA and ITS sequencing analyses, strain 22 was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that strain 22 exhibited around 75% of susceptibility to 16 various antibiotics tested.
The results of this study show P. aeruginosa as one of the bacteria involved in the mortality of abalone postlarvae in Shenzhen, China. 相似文献
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We examined the ability of salmon growth hormone (sGH) in sodium alginate (SA) gel to accelerate the somatic growth of juvenile
abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, by feeding. After the feeding of sGH at 50 μg or 100 μg in 350 mg SA gel, immunoreactivity to sGH in body fluid was maximal
after 12 h, and was still detectable at 24 h. No immunoreactivity was observed in the control group. Following the feeding
of sGH at 0.5 mg or 5 mg/8 g of SA gel at 7- and 14-day intervals, there was a greater increase in shell length and body weight
than in the control. In abalone, sGH can be transported from food into the circulatory system and subsequently improve somatic
growth. 相似文献
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Vegetable oil blend as alternative lipid resources in diets for gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Elham A. Wassef Norhan E. Saleh Heyam A. El-Abd El-Hady 《Aquaculture International》2009,17(5):421-435
The recent decreasing worldwide supplies of marine oils have forced the aquaculture industry to investigate alternative lipid
sources for use in marine fish feeds. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of dietary replacement of fish oil
by vegetable oils on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) growth performance, nutritive utilization, body composition, and fatty acid profile as well as feed cost. Two dietary vegetable
oil (VO) mix blends (VO1 and VO2) in which: sunflower (SO), cottonseed (CO) and linseed (LO) for VO1 or soybean oil (SBO)
for VO2, were tested as 60% fish oil (FO) substitutes versus the 100% FO control or reference diet (FO). Three iso-proteic
(46% CP) and iso-lipidic (18%) experimental diets were hand fed, twice a day, 6 days a week to apparent visual satiety to
triplicate groups of seabream growers (average initial weight, 130.9 ± 3.44 g), until fish reached market size (300–400 g/fish)
after 20 weeks at mean ambient temperature 27.0 ± 1.8°C. All experimental diets were well accepted by seabream growers regardless
of the different lipid sources used, as overall mean feed intake (FI) and daily intake (DFI) were not significantly different
(P > 0.05) among dietary treatments. In terms of growth performance, fish fed VO1 diet (with LO) exhibited a relatively lower,
but significant (P < 0.05), total weight gain (WG) than fish fed all FO diet (FO). However, mean value of WG of fish fed either vegetable oil-tested
diet was nonsignificantly different. Feeding seabream growers vegetable oil (VO) diets (VO1 or VO2) had no significant effect
on specific growth rate (SGR), daily weight index (DWI), or feed conversion ratio (FCR) among dietary treatments. Consumption
of VO for 20 weeks did not significantly alter the major nutrient composition of fish, but the muscle fatty acid (FA) profile
was significantly altered compared to the reference FO diet. Comparatively reduced levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and
docosahexaenoic acids (DHA), as well as elevated levels of linoleic and linolenic acids (LA and LNA) compared with fish fed
the FO were noticed. In terms of economics, 17 or 20% reduction in Kg feed cost was obtained for diets VO1 or VO2, respectively.
In terms of growth performance and cost, VO2 diet showed slight relative superiority over VO1 diet. However, in terms of liver
structure morphology, VO1 diet (with LO) has resulted in less fat-infiltration and altered hepatic cells than VO2 (with SBO).
As these traits do not affect yield or the price paid for the fish, VO2 diet has therefore been considered better than VO1
as complementary lipid sources for gilthead seabream grower diets. 相似文献
8.
The effect of a synthetic curcumin analogue (salicylcurcumin) on fish lipid peroxidation was investigated in both in vitro
and in vivo conditions using a teleost model Anabas testudineus (Bloch). Curcumin analogue inhibited the formation of lipid peroxidation products and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
(TBARS) content at the three concentrations (10−2 M, 10−3 M and 10−4 M) in vitro. TBARS content was reduced by 80% in the liver and 68% in brain by the higher concentration of salicylcurcumin.
For in vivo study, salicylcurcumin (0.5%) was supplemented along with the basal feed for a period of 60 days. It produced
a 60% reduction in liver TBARS content. The antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) was stimulated, whereas catalase
(CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were inhibited. Glutathione (GSH) was reduced and glutathione reductase (GR) unchanged.
Even though there was an increase in SOD activity, the CAT and GPx did not increase accordingly, maybe due to the direct scavenging
of H2O2 by salicylcurcumin. The protein content also increased in the curcumin-fed animals, indicating a positive growth-promoting
effect. Therefore, it would be beneficial to supplement salicylcurcumin along with the aquaculture feed in order to help the
fish to cope with adverse conditions in the environment. This would increase the survival rate, disease resistance and ultimately
the growth rate. 相似文献
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Seasonal variation in daily growth rates in the early and middle larval stages of round herring Etrumeus teres were largely determined by the sea temperatures experienced by hatch-date cohorts in the Pacific coastal waters off southern Japan. Round herring larvae were collected by purse seining in the coastal waters of central Tosa Bay. A total of 451 larvae were aged by reading daily rings in otoliths. Individuals within a range of 2–5 hatch dates were grouped as hatch-date cohorts. We selected 16 cohorts that hatched during September 2000 and March 2002 and calculated mean widths of otolith growth increments for each cohort during the first feeding stage (W FF, increments 1–5) and the maximum increment width in the middle larval stage (W MAX). Seasonal variation in mean W FF and W MAX among the 16 cohorts was largely (80–90 %) explained by the sea temperature in the bay. These results indicate that temperature was a predominant determinant of larval growth rates; other environmental factors, such as food availability, did not substantially affect growth rates of round herring larvae in coastal waters along the subtropical Kuroshio Current off southern Japan. 相似文献
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Shoshi Mizuta Yuuki Koizumi Shiori Inoue Chiaki Someya Masatomi Hosoi Yoshihiro Yokoyama Reiji Yoshinaka 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(5):833-839
A large size (400 kDa) non-collagenous protein was detected as a major component in the extract, with neutral salt solution, from the dermis of sea cucumber Apostichopus armata. On SDS-PAGE analysis, the 400 K component shifted to a lower molecular weight component (about 200 K) by reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol, and they were both reactive for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction staining. From these results, this protein was suggested to be a glycoprotein consisting of disulfide-bonded two subunits with almost equal molecular weight (200 K). In addition to relatively high contents (>100/1,000 residues) of aspartic and glutamic acids, cysteine was also detected (6.1/1,000 residues) in amino acid analyses of this protein partially purified by anion-exchange column chromatography. These combined results suggest the structural similarity of the 400 K component to fibronectins from other vertebrate and invertebrate animals. 相似文献
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Atsushi Kawabata Hirotsune Yamaguchi Seigo Kubota Masayasu Nakagami 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(3):291-299
We examined individual growth and fatness in the 1975–2002 year classes of Japanese sardine. Samples were collected at the feeding grounds in the Pacific waters off northern Japan during drastic fluctuations in the population in the 1970s to 2000s. Growth rates for ages 1–3 of the 1979–1988 year classes, which included low-recruitment year classes subsisting during the high population levels of the 1980s, were apparently slower than for other year classes. There was no obvious trend when comparing year classes, growth during the first year of life (age 0), and maximum body length (BL) at age ≥5. The condition factors (CF, indicating fatness) for adult sardines of BL ≥19 cm in the 1979–1983 year classes during the maximum population level of the mid-1980s were significantly lower than for other year classes. However, there were no apparent trends in CF variations for small sardines of BL <19 cm. The apparent decreases in growth rate and fatness were strongly related to the cumulative sum of population abundance that each year class experienced. It is thought that insufficient food owing to the density-dependent effect of an abundant population at feeding grounds resulted in a decrease in the growth rate for small-bodied sardines that are investing their energy intake in body growth, and a decrease in fatness for large-bodied adults that are accumulating fat for the next reproduction. 相似文献
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The major allergenic protein in grey mullet roe was immunologically characterized using rabbit IgG against the β′-component, which is a vitellogenin fragment and the major allergen in chum salmon roe, and the IgE cross-reactivity between salmon and mullet roe was examined using chum salmon roe-allergic patients' sera. Grey mullet β′-component was identified in the yolk protein and consisted of 16 and 30 kDa proteins that showed marked reaction with the anti-β′-component IgG and shared N-terminal amino acid sequence similarity with vitellogenin. The grey mullet β′-component consisted of six different isoforms generated from vitellogenin A and vitellogenin B, and they inhibited the IgE-binding reaction between chum salmon β′-component and a chum salmon roe-allergic patient’s serum. Thus, grey mullet roe may be an allergenic seafood capable of introducing IgE cross-reactivity to chum salmon roe through the β′-component. 相似文献
14.
Weiren Huang Yong Zhang Xiaoping Jia Xilan Ma Shuisheng Li Yun Liu Pei Zhu Danqi Lu Huihong Zhao Wenna Luo Shibai Yi Xiaochun Liu Haoran Lin 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2010,36(2):237-249
Environmental estrogens, such as bisphenol A (BisA) and nonylphenol (NP), have been shown to affect the estrogen receptor (ER) expression and induce male reproductive abnormalities. To elucidate molecular mechanisms of action of xenoestrogenic chemicals on the expression of estrogen receptors in the testes of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), three full-length cDNAs respectively encoding ntERα, ntERβ1 and ntERβ2 were cloned from testes. The amino acid sequences of ntERα, ntERβ1 and ntERβ2 showed a high degree of similarity to the relevant fish species. Tissue-specific expression study showed that three receptors were highly expressed in pituitary, liver, testis, kidney and intestine tissues. The ntERα, ntERβ1 and ntERβ2 mRNA expressions were significantly higher at the sexual early recrudescing stage than at other recrudesced stages. After being exposed to xenoestrogens from weeks 2 to 4, the ntERα mRNA levels were increased significantly in testes after NP treatment at all sampling times or after 4 weeks of exposure to BPA. The ntERβ1 mRNA levels remained unchanged, while a significant decrease of the ntERβ2 mRNA level was observed in testes after exposure to NP and BPA. The present study demonstrates that the regulation of all three ntER subtypes in testes may act via different molecular mechanisms of exposure to NP and BPA. 相似文献
15.
M. Enríquez-Díaz S. Pouvreau J. Chávez-Villalba M. Le Pennec 《Aquaculture International》2009,17(5):491-506
The progress of gametogenesis was studied in oysters Crassostrea gigas having the same origin (Tremblade), but cultured during 1 year in two distinctive French marine areas, the Baie des Veys
and Marennes-Oléron. We assessed seasonal changes in the reproduction cycle on the basis of stereological techniques to estimate
reproductive investment and measurement of gonad evolution area by quantitative histology. From a qualitative point of view,
both oyster groups presented typical reproductive stages, but showed differential timing, in particular during the sequence
of spawning and duration of the re-absorption stage. Oysters in Baie des Veys had a single partial spawning in August and
a re-absorption stage that extended until winter. Oysters in Merennes-Oléron had a partial spawning in July and massive release
of gametes during August. Spawnings in both the areas were related to maximum temperature (19°C). The quantitative analysis
showed, on an annual basis, a higher reproductive investment by oysters from Baie des Veys, 86% against 53% in the other group.
Larger gonads, higher gamete production, and more intensive spawning were the characteristics of oysters in Baie des Veys.
Recently, the reproduction pattern and investment has been related with summer mortalities; therefore, a quantitative understanding
of reproductive processes becomes necessary for C. gigas. Environmental conditions at each site may explain differences in the progress and intensity of gametogenesis. While temperature
regulated the time and speed of gametogenesis, results suggest that the intensity was influenced by the quantity of available
food but may need further research. However, nutrient recycling from unreleased gametes in the gonads of oysters from Baie
des Vey is a factor to be considered in the results of this study. 相似文献
16.
The spawning grounds of the chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) and spotted mackerel (Scomber australasicus) in the East China Sea were estimated based on catch statistics of the Japanese large- and medium-type purse seine fishery
from 1992 to 2006. Biometric data were obtained from specimens caught by purse seiners in the East China Sea from 1998 to
2006. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) at 50% sexual maturity of chub mackerel and spotted mackerel females was 2.5 and 2.6, respectively.
Using this criterion for GSI, chub mackerel larger than 275 mm and spotted mackerel larger than 310 mm in fork length were
considered to be mature. Mature chub mackerel was observed in the area of 15–22°C sea surface temperature (SST), and mature
spotted mackerel was observed in the area of 17–25°C SST. The spawning period of chub mackerel ranged from February to June,
and that of spotted mackerel ranged from February to May in the East China Sea. The spawning grounds were estimated from the
distributions of catch per unit effort (CPUE) of spawners and SST. As a result, the spawning ground of chub mackerel was estimated
to be in the central and southern part of the East China Sea and the area west of Kyushu in February, March, and April, and
in the central part of the East China Sea, the area west of Kyushu and Tsushima Straight in May, and in Tsushima Straight
and western part of the Sea of Japan in June. The spawning ground of spotted mackerel was estimated to be in the central and
southern part of the East China Sea and southern coastal area of Kyushu in February, March, and April, and the central and
southern part of the East China Sea and the area west of Kyushu in May. 相似文献
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To specifically study the functional ontogeny of the digestive tract, larvae of Japanese flounder at various developmental stages were injected with liquid solutions using tube feeding in vivo. The survival in the stages tested was on average 93%. The injected solutions were almost completely transferred from the presumptive stomach, or stomach to the midgut within 10 min of injection. The passage to the hindgut in some cases started 10 min after injection and over 90% of the solution had passed from the midgut to the hindgut after 1 h. In most cases the hindgut seemed to be completely empty after 3 h.Two different mixtures of pH indicators with sensitivities in the alkaline (7.5 to 9) and acid (4 to 6) ranges respectively were used for assessment of pH in the various gut segments. The pH of the stomach remained alkaline during the larval period, but had fallen close to 4 during late metamorphosis, an indication of active HCl secretion and progressive stomach differentiation. In mid and late metamorphosing fish a rapid colour change in the pH indicator was observed once it had passed the pyloric sphincter. This demonstrates that there was also active secretion of alkaline fluid, most likely HCO3
–, from the pancreas into the pylorus lumen.A single injection of liquid solution of 14C-FAA showed that assimilation of FAA was high in all stages tested (79.5 ± 7.1%; SD; n=91). The presently reported data for Japanese flounder support earlier studies that FAA are absorbed with a high efficiency in the early stages of marine fish. 相似文献
18.
G. Caruso G. Maricchiolo V. Micale L. Genovese R. Caruso M. G. Denaro 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2010,36(1):71-83
The physiological effects of short-term starvation on some haematological, biochemical and non-specific immune response parameters together with the histological structure of the skin, were investigated in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla. Blood haemoglobin and haematocrit, serum glucose and cortisol, hemolysins, haemagglutinins, and lysozyme in the plasma, kidney and epidermal extract, were measured in fish after 31, 42 and 58 days of starvation, and compared to those of fed fish. Starvation did not affect haemoglobin and haematocrit values, while an increase in glucose and cortisol levels was found in starved eels by day 42. Haemolytic and haemagglutinating activities decreased in starved eels. On the other hand, starvation caused an increase in the lysozyme content in the epidermal extracts, while no significant variations were observed in kidney and plasma. On the whole, no major changes in metabolic, haematological and non-specific immune parameters were observed when short-term (less than 2 months) starvation was applied to the European eel, suggesting an adaptive response to starvation, rather than a typical alarm–stress response, allowing this species to withstand food deprivation. 相似文献
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary riboflavin on antioxidant defense in the juvenile grouper Epinephelus coioides. Graded levels of riboflavin (0.9, 1.6, 4.4, 6.7, 12.9 and 19.4 mg kg−1 dry diet) were fed to grouper juveniles (mean weight: 14.90 ± 0.46 g) for 12 weeks. Higher levels of liver thiobarbituric
acid reactive substances (TBARS) content were observed in grouper fed low doses (0.9 and 1.6 mg kg−1 diet) of riboflavin. Both liver glutathione reductase (GR) activity and its activation coefficient (GR-AC) poorly responded
to riboflavin deficiency. In addition, other indices of the glutathione-dependent defense system, including the activities
of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and the content of glutathione (GSH), were also non-significantly
affected by dietary riboflavin levels. However, the activities of liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were
significantly lower in fish fed 0.9 mg kg−1 diet, with a positive correlation between the different groups. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the juvenile
grouper fed the riboflavin-unsupplemented diet was susceptible to lipid peroxidation (LPO), with lower SOD and CAT activities
in the liver. However, the glutathione-dependent defense system of grouper was not affected by dietary riboflavin levels. 相似文献