共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
1.
云南国外引进小麦品种主要性状遗传多样性及相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了提高云南小麦育种水平,对云南50年来从国外引进并大面积推广的品种进行遗传多样性及相关性分析。结果表明：穗形、壳色、粒色、粒质、饱满度频率分布较集中,遗传多样性较低。生育期、基本苗、最高茎蘖数、有效穗、有效分蘖、株高、穗粒数、穗长、结实小穗数、不结实小穗数、空瘪粒数,千粒重、溶重、产量均存在较大变异,变异幅度系数为1.22%~28.36%,各性状遗传多样性指数均较大,平均为1.7321,结实小穗数多样性指数最大,为2.0381,株高多样性指数最小,为1.4105,表明13份国外引进小麦品种具有较丰富的遗传多样性。基本苗与最高茎蘖数、有效穗呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别达0.555、0.76,最高分蘖数与有效穗呈极显著正相关,相关系数达0.66,基本苗是分蘖数、有效穗形成的基础,穗粒数与千粒重、基本苗呈极显著负相关,相关相关系数别达-0.61、-0.62,穗粒数与千粒重、基本苗是产量构成的一个矛盾体,产量与基本苗、最高茎蘖数、有效分蘖、千粒重、生育期呈正相关,与穗空瘪粒数呈极显著负相关,相关系数达-0.63,因此,在不影响茬口的前提下,选择生育期较长的品种,适当增加播种量,提高基本苗,加强田间管理,促进分蘖,提高成穗率和千粒重,降低空瘪粒数是获得高产的有效手段。 相似文献
2.
大麦种质资源成株期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Yin-Ping XU Yong-Dong PAN Qiang-De LIU Yuan-Hu YAO Yan-Chun JIA Cheng REN Ke-Cang HUO Wen-Qing CHEN Feng ZHAO Qi-Jun BAO Hua-Yu ZHANG 《作物学报》2020,46(3):448-461
干旱是影响大麦生产的主要因素之一。在鉴定大麦种质资源成株期抗旱性的基础上,筛选抗旱指标,可为培育抗旱品种提供依据。本研究在2016和2017年在大麦生长主要需水期平均降雨量不足40 mm的甘肃省武威市进行田间试验,以30份大麦种质资源为研究对象,设置正常灌水和干旱胁迫处理,测定大麦株高、穗长、分蘖数、单株粒数、单株粒重、穗粒数、千粒重和产量,采用抗旱性度量值(D)、综合抗旱系数(CDC)、加权抗旱系数(WDC)、相关分析、频次分析、主成分分析、灰色关联度分析、隶属函数分析、聚类分析和逐步回归分析相结合的办法,对其进行抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标的筛选。干旱胁迫对测定的各指标均有极显著影响。频次分析表明,各指标对干旱胁迫反应的敏感程度依次为产量、株高、单株粒重、穗长、单株粒数、分蘖数、穗粒数和千粒重。相关分析表明,产量与株高、穗长、分蘖数、单株粒数和单株粒重呈极显著正相关,与穗粒数呈显著正相关、与千粒重呈不显著正相关。主成分分析表明,5个主成分可以代表大麦抗旱性86.39%的原始数据信息量。基于D值、CDC值和WDC值的大麦种质资源抗旱性排序基本一致。灰色关联度分析表明,各指标单项抗旱系数值与D值间的关联度依次为产量、单株粒重、单株粒数、穗长、株高、分蘖、穗粒数和千粒重,各指标DC值与WDC值间的关联大小依次为单株粒重、产量、单株粒数、分蘖、穗长、穗粒数、株高和千粒重。根据D值进行聚类分析,将供试大麦种质资源依据抗旱性从强到弱分为5个抗旱等级,其中1级5份、2级1份、3级11份、4级10份、5级3份。除分蘖和千粒重外,其余指标的隶属函数值、CDC值、D值和WDC值均随着抗旱级别的升高而增大。回归分析表明, 5个测定指标均与D值密切相关。干旱胁迫对大麦种质资源成株期各指标均有极显著影响。确定了D值为适宜的抗旱鉴定指标。筛选出成株期抗旱性强的大麦种质资源甘啤7号、Z06-278-9、MERIT、NEVADA和西藏25,可为大麦抗旱育种、抗旱机制以及干旱调控缓解机制的研究提供技术支持。穗长、单株粒数、单株粒重、穗粒数、产量可作为大麦种质资源成株期简单、直观的抗旱评价指标。 相似文献
3.
为更精准筛选和选育不同用途二棱大麦品种,对38份不同来源及用途的二棱大麦品种（系）的株高、穗长、千粒重、穗粒数、有效穗数、籽粒产量和不孕粒数等主要农艺性状及籽粒蛋白质含量进行综合评价。结果表明,参试二棱大麦品种（系）有效穗数、产量、穗长、不孕粒数及蛋白质含量变异丰富,株高、千粒重及穗粒数变异相对较小,二棱大麦育种的增产效应主要体现在穗长和有效穗数的适度增加。相关性分析表明,二棱大麦各性状间存在复杂的相关性,且多个性状均可影响产量,有效穗数与产量呈极显著正相关。供试二棱大麦品种（系）在遗传距离10水平上可聚为中秆大粒型和矮秆多穗型两类。主成分分析将38份二棱大麦品种（系）的主要农艺性状分为4个主成分,其累计贡献率达85.5807%;以前4个主成分得分值为指标进行主成分二维排序分析,分析38份二棱大麦品种（系）在特定因子性状上的差异,结果为创制优异种质及亲本选择提供依据。 相似文献
4.
为了解近10年来河南省推广的黄淮南片麦区新育成小麦品种的情况,揭示小麦产量构成因素对产量影响的相对重要性,对2005—2014年适宜河南省推广的63个国审小麦品种的产量及主要性状指标进行相关和通径分析。结果表明：近年来河南省推广的国审小麦新品种产量整体呈上升趋势,平均每年增长7.6533 kg/hm2。主要性状的变异系数大小顺序为公顷穗数>穗粒数>株高>千粒重。主要性状与产量的相关程度为：千粒重>穗粒数>株高>穗数。产量三因素对产量的直接通径系数都为正值：千粒重>穗粒数>穗数。根据分析结果结合河南省生态条件及当前的栽培习性,小麦育种和高产栽培应注重公顷穗数与穗粒数的协调,将大穗和大群体有效结合,稳定千粒重,同时注意三因素的协调发展,从而达到高产目标。 相似文献
5.
Genetic variation and interrelationships of agronomic characters in landraces of bread wheat from southeastern Iran 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
There is renewed interest in wheat landraces as important sources of genetic variation for agronomic characters. Fifty-three
pure lines of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) derived from seven landraces collected from southeastern Iran were used to
estimate genetic variation and heritability for 13 developmental and quantitative characters. Path-analysis was used to partition
the genetic correlations between grain yield and six grain yield-related traits. Mean values of landraces were also compared
with three improved cultivars from California and Iran. Genotypic differences among the landraces and among the pure lines
collected from the landraces were highly significant for all characters considered. Compared with the modern cultivars, the
landrace genotypes were, on average, later in days to heading and taller than the cultivars but had lower values for number
of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and harvest index. Some landrace genotypes were similar to the modern
cultivars for grain yield. Moderate to high genetic variation was displayed by number of grains per spike, number of spikes
per plant, 1000-grain weight, and harvest index. The heritability estimates ranged from 59% for grain yield to 99% for days
to anthesis. Expected genetic advance (as % of the mean) was ≈34% for number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike,
and 1000-grain weight. Days to heading and to anthesis correlated positively with number of spikes per plant, shoot biomass,
and straw biomass but negatively with number of grains per spike and harvest index. The strong direct effect of number of
spikes per plant on grain yield was completely counterbalanced by its indirect negative effects via number of grains per spike
and 1000-grain weight. Number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were positively correlated with grain yield, and they
had large direct effects. These two characters, however, were negatively correlated and exhibited a substantial counterbalance
effect via one another and via number of spikes per plant. The landraces could be improved by intercrossing the promising
genotypes identified in this study, with simultaneous selection for earliness, fewer number of spikes per plant, greater number
of grains per spike and heavier grains. For further improvement, crossing programs between the landraces and introduced germplasm
may be necessary.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
黄淮麦区4省小麦种质农艺性状的比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确小麦种质资源的遗传差异和特点,提高其利用效率,以株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重5个主要农艺性状为指标,对来自黄淮麦区4省（河北、山东、河南和山西）的263个小麦品种（系）进行统计分析。显著性分析结果表明,除穗粒数外,4个省的小麦种质在其余各农艺性状上差异极显著。变异性分析结果表明,供试材料的5个农艺性状中穗粒数变异系数最大,小穗数变异系数最小;4省中,河北小麦株高、千粒重的变异系数最小,穗粒数变异系数最大;河南小麦穗长、小穗数和穗粒数的变异系数最小,千粒重变异系数最大;山东小麦穗长的变异系数最大;山西小麦株高、小穗数的变异系数最大。相关分析结果表明,株高与穗长呈极显著正相关,与小穗数呈极显著负相关;穗长与小穗数、穗粒数呈极显著正相关;小穗数与穗粒数呈极显著正相关;千粒重与穗粒数呈极显著负相关。因此,在育种实践中,可根据4省小麦种质农艺性状的变异特点筛选符合目标性状的亲本材料,同时加强种质基因库的更新。 相似文献
7.
随着劳动力的短缺,直播水稻具有省工省力的优点逐渐受到重视,因此筛选适宜水条播（直播）的水稻品种是极其重要的。为此,以29份寒地水稻为材料,采用随机区组试验设计,研究水条播对寒地水稻农艺性状、产量构成因素和产量的影响。结果表明,水条播对寒地水稻单位面积穗数的影响为偏正向,对株高、穗长、穗重、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、穗粒数、成粒率、千粒重、生物产量、经济系数和理论产量的影响都是偏负向的。水条播提高了穗重、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、单位面积穗数、穗粒数、成粒率、千粒重、生物产量、经济系数和理论产量的变异程度,而千粒重的变异系数较小。穗重、成粒率和生物产量对水条播反应较敏感的材料,一般其理论产量对水条播的反应也较敏感。 相似文献
8.
小麦收获指数与主要农艺性状的相关性探析? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小麦收获指数是指籽粒产量占地上部生物产量的百分率。研究小麦品种主要农艺性状和经济性状间与其产量的相互关系,采用相关性分析与回归方法,对影响收获指数的10个主要农艺性状及因素进行了研究分析。结果表明：供试小麦HI具有较大的改良空间;HI与穗颈长、株高、穗长、小穗数、主茎生物产量有显著负相关,与单穗质量、产量呈正相关,与生物产量没有显著相关性;主成分分析结果显示,3个主成分累积贡献率达 87.427%,表明 3 个主成分已覆盖所有性状的主要信息;通过回归分析,小麦HI与单穗籽粒产量、生物产量、千粒质量有显著回归关系。结论: 通过对10份小麦材料农艺性状的统计分析,得出如下结论。HI受单穗质量、生物产量、千粒重影响较为明显有显著回归关系,与单穗质量、产量和穗粒数有明显正效应,生物产量对其有负效应。小麦HI提高可通过选育生物产量不宜过大,而穗粒数较高、单穗重较大的小麦品种。 相似文献
9.
A. Hadjichristodoulou 《Euphytica》1989,44(1-2):143-150
Summary Environmental correlation coefficients were computed among all pairs of five traits, namely grain yield, heading date, number of tillers per m2, plant height and 1000-grain weight (grain size) using 30 Triticum durum and 30 Triticum aestivum varieties grown in 18 environments. Grain yield was significantly correlated with the other four traits in almost all of the varieties. The mean correlation coefficient over all varieties ranged from 0.58 to –0.83 for durum wheat and 0.66 to 0.88 for aestivum wheat. The correlation coefficients between heading date and the other traits were also significant, ranging from –0.45 to –0.79 in durum wheat and –0.61 to –0.85 in aestivum wheat. The correlation coefficient between number of tillers with plant height and 1000-grain weight were the smallest, 0.19–0.32 in durum wheat and 0.39–0.60 in aestivum wheat. It was concluded that agronomic practices favouring early and good stand establishment in the dry regions will favour the yield components and important adaptive traits, which contribute towards larger yields. Significant differences were found among genotypes in the environmental correlation coefficients and the associated changes in one trait as a result of changes in other traits. 相似文献
10.
为了新疆亚麻地方种的选育和改良提供理论依据,本研究采用对来自新疆各地的亚麻地方种性状的多元统计分析,包括变异系数、主成分分析、相关性分析和聚类分析。结果表明,新疆亚麻地方种资源存在较大差异,多样性比较丰富。主成分分析中,株高会影响构成亚麻产量的因子(蒴果数,果粒数,每株粒重和千粒重),亚麻的分枝数和株高都不能过多或过高,这不仅会影响工艺长度还会影响亚麻产量因子而且发现株高、生育期、分枝数、工艺长度、每株粒重、分枝数、千粒重和果粒数的相关程度较高。因此,在新疆亚麻地方种在选育时,可作为理论性数据参考,为亚麻品种选育和亲本的选择提供一定基础。 相似文献
11.
杂交水稻籽粒比重与产量品质性状相关分析及其在育种中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探究杂交水稻籽粒的比重与产量因素及品质因素相关性,以高产优质品种天优华占为对照,对7个三系不育系与5个自选恢复系进行杂交配组后得到组合的单株穗数、每穗总粒数、籽粒体积、比重、充实度、千粒重等进行研究。结果发现,千粒重是影响产量的最大因素,其次是单株穗数；籽粒比重的提高可以提高整精米率和降低垩白度,从而改善水稻的产量和品质。研究认为,杂交稻水稻的选育中,籽粒较大的情况下兼顾单株穗数和充实度,且单方面强调通过增加粒重去提高产量会导致整精米率降低,因此为兼顾产量与品质,籽粒比重适中为宜。 相似文献
12.
Summary Nine pure lines of bread wheat collected from landraces of southwestern Iran and one local Iranian cultivar from the same area were used to estimate genetic variation and heritability for 12 developmental and yield component characters. Path-analysis was used to partition the genetic correlations between some of the characters into direct and indirect effects. Mean values for these lines were also compared with those of five improved cultivars from Iran and California. The goal of the experiment is to breed improved landraces and/or modern cultivars for areas of low input agriculture in southern California, southwestern Iran, and regions with similar environmental and agronomic conditions.Moderate genetic variation was displayed by the number of effective heads per plant, number of grains per head, and grain weight in the landrace genotypes. The heritability estimates ranged from 43 to 97%. Expected genetic advance with selection of the highest 5%, expressed as percent of the mean, was around 20% for number of heads per plant, number of grains per head, and 1000-grain weight.Days to booting, to heading, and to anthesis were positively correlated but none of them were significantly associated with days to maturity. Plant height had a negative genetic correlation with number of grains per head, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and harvest index. The genetic correlation between number of heads per plant and number of grains per head, 1000-grain weight, and harvest index was also significantly negative. Harvest index had a negative genetic correlation with days to booting, to maturity, plant height, number of heads per plant, and straw yield and a positive correlation with number of grains per head, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield.Days to maturity, plant height, number of heads per plant, number of grains per head, 1000-grain weight, and harvest index each had a positive direct effect on grain yield. The first two characters exhibited the highest and lowest direct effects, respectively. The positive direct effects of days to maturity, plant height, and number of heads per plant, however, were partially or completely counter-balanced by their strong negative indirect effects through number of grains per head, 1000-grain weight, and harvest index. Pathanalysis indicated that late and tall landrace genotypes tend to produce more heads per plant, but with fewer number of grains per head, smaller grains, and lower harvest index.Comparisons between the local lines and the improved cultivars revealed that, in general, the former were much taller and produced a larger number of non-effective tillers. Mean number of grains per head, grain weight, harvest index, and grain yield of local lines were smaller than those of improved cultivars.Our observations indicate that the landraces could be improved by selecting for shorter genotypes with smaller numbers of tillers per plant, but with larger numbers of grains per head and heavier grains. 相似文献
13.
冬小麦种质材料主要农艺性状研究 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4
小麦种质资源是小麦育种的重要基础,小麦遗传多样性评价不仅有助于种质资源的搜集、管理和利用,也有利于核心种质的研究。为了合理利用小麦种质资源,降低组配小麦杂交组合的盲目性,选取73份国内外种质材料,在旱地条件种植,以株高、穗粒数、千粒重、有效穗数和产量为指标对其进行了聚类分析。结果表明,在雨养条件下各性状的变异系数大小为：产量>有效穗数>穗粒数>千粒重>株高;产量构成因素与产量的相关程度为：有效穗数>穗粒数>千粒重;供试材料可以分为六类,并对各类种质材料的特点及在育种中的应用作了评述。试验中综合表现较好的4个亲本材料为第Ⅵ组的18th FAWWON-IR-023、18th FAWWON-IR-111、18th FAWWON-IR-027和18th FAWWON-IR-169,可为选育抗旱优质丰产小麦新品种提供优异基因。 相似文献
14.
长江中下游地区小麦产量育种的方向及其策略探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
摘要：长江中下游地区近期育成的和大面积应用的小麦品种,在目前中高产水平下（400-450kg/666.7m2）,总体以千粒重对产量的作用较大,666.7平方米穗数对产量的作用也较大,但其与环境相关值较高,每穗粒数对产量的作用似较小,但其表型相关值较大;千粒重和666.7平方米穗数对产量的影响主要由本身的直接作用所至,而每穗粒数对产量的影响似主要被通过666.7平方米穗数和通过千粒重的间接作用所分解;不同产量水平下试验品种的三因素表现为,在相对产量由低中产到较高产量时,666.7 平方米穗数增加较多,每穗粒数变化较小,千粒重提高较多,而在高产组次中,666.7平方米穗数基本稳定（或略有下降）,每穗粒数增幅较大,千粒重急剧提高。至此,作者初步认为,本地区未来高产小麦育种,虽选育穗粒重齐头并进类型,或以大穗大粒为主类型,或穗粒并重类型似均有可行性,但根据本地区小麦生态条件的特点,在策略上宜稳定穗数,增加粒数,主攻（提高）粒重。同时,还探讨了相适宜的产量构成因素。 相似文献
15.
大麦农艺性状和子粒支链淀粉的多元分析与评价 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为了解高支链淀粉大麦种质资源的表型特性,以16份高支链淀粉含量的大麦种质资源为材料,通过主成分分析和聚类分析研究了9个主要农艺性状的遗传多样性。结果表明,9个农艺性状中芒长的变异系数最大,为43.26%,单穗粒数次之,子粒粒宽的变异系数最小,为4.76%。主成分分析结果表明,前3个主成分累计贡献率为78.844%,可依次归类为子粒大小控制因子、穗粒数控制因子和株型控制因子。相关性分析结果显示,支链淀粉含量与株高呈极显著负相关。采用类平均法聚类将参试的16份大麦种质资源分为4个大类,第一、二类属于矮秆低产型;第三类的千粒重和芒均最长,可以作为以千粒重为选拔对象的亲本;第四类属于高秆型。为了改良糯大麦种质甘垦5号和C2-1的农艺性状可从第四类材料中选择优异亲本。结合主成分分析和聚类分析,能较好地对参试种质资源主要农艺性状做出综合评价,为高支链淀粉大麦遗传育种提供优良的种质资源,为合理选配亲本提供参考。 相似文献
16.
17.
J. M. Ramos L. F. Garcia del Moral J. L. Molina-Cano P. Salamanca F. Roca de Togores 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1989,163(2):129-137
Leaf area development, biomass production and yield of four spring barley varieties grown in a Mediterranean environment (southern Spain) in response to an early application of foliar sulphur or etephon have been studied. Both sulphur and etephon produced similar results compared to the control. Thus, whereas the maximum leaf area index on untreated plots was reached at the beginning of shooting, the growth of foliar area in the treated ones was extended until anthesis and its decline during maturity was similarly retarded. This led to a significant improvement in the biomass at anthesis (which was closely correlated with grain yield) as well as in the leaf area duration during grain filling. These effects were principally due to variations in the number of leaves per plant, caused by a higher tiller production in the treated plants and not by an increase in the number of leaves per tiller or by leaf size.
An application of sulphur or etephon at tillering increases grain yield by raising both the number of ears per plant and per plot, without modifying the number of grains per ear or 1000-grain weight. The similarity between the effects of sulphur and etephon may be due to the fact that sulphur absorbed by the leaves results in an increase in methyonine, the biological precursor or ethylene. The positive correlation between biomass at anthesis and number of ears over grain yield suggests that sink capacity and source activity are closely related and both simultaneously limited by the environment. 相似文献
An application of sulphur or etephon at tillering increases grain yield by raising both the number of ears per plant and per plot, without modifying the number of grains per ear or 1000-grain weight. The similarity between the effects of sulphur and etephon may be due to the fact that sulphur absorbed by the leaves results in an increase in methyonine, the biological precursor or ethylene. The positive correlation between biomass at anthesis and number of ears over grain yield suggests that sink capacity and source activity are closely related and both simultaneously limited by the environment. 相似文献
18.
为明确冀东地区主推春玉米品种子粒发育调控机理,以及为区域品种选择提供理论依据,选用冀东地区9个主栽春玉米品种,对其灌浆特性进行了研究。结果表明,产量以金科玉3306最高,粒收1号最低;金科玉3306的穗行数、行粒数、千粒重分别较其他品种平均高出3.11%、7.69%和6.41%。在产量构成因素和相关性状中,对产量影响最大的因素是行粒数,其次是穗行数和千粒重,增加穗长并兼顾其他性状是提高玉米产量的有效途径。不同品种子粒灌浆参数之间存在较大差异,早粒1号的活跃灌浆期短,但最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率均最高;纯玉958的活跃灌浆期最长,但最大灌浆速率最低。产量与最大灌浆速率（Rmax）和平均灌浆速率（R）呈正相关,与灌浆持续期（T）、活跃灌浆期（P）呈负相关。说明在保证子粒安全成熟的前提下,选用灌浆持续期短,灌浆速率高的品种,对产量形成有积极作用。综上所述,在冀东地区春玉米品种的选择上推荐金科玉3306、东单913和早粒1号3个品种。 相似文献
19.
甜荞农艺性状与产量关系的多重分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为确定构成甜荞产量的主要因子,为甜荞种质评价与创新提供理论依据。以34份甜荞品种为材料,研究分析甜荞农艺性状与产量的变异特征,进行相关分析、通径分析、主成分分析及多元线性回归分析。结果表明,甜荞农艺性状和产量的变异系数达13.3%~44.0%;产量与株高、单株粒数、单株粒重呈极显著正相关,与主茎节数和分枝数呈显著正相关,而与第一节间长和千粒重呈不显著的正相关。因此得出,单株粒重、主茎节数、单株粒数、分枝数是构成产量的主要因子。 相似文献
20.
为了探究甜高粱主要农艺性状与生物产量的关系,筛选出综合表现优良的甜高粱材料,进而为今后甜高粱育种提供理论依据。以24份甜高粱杂交组合为试材,对其主要农艺性状及生物产量进行灰色关联度分析、相关性分析、通径分析以及主成分分析。结果表明：主穗长度和穗粒数的变异系数较大;灰色关联度结果表明糖锤度与生物产量关联度最大。相关分析表明株高与茎秆长度,主穗长度与千粒重达到极显著正相关;通径分析结果表明主穗长度、茎秆长度、千粒重、榨汁率、糖锤度本身的直接效应对甜高粱的生物产量有正向作用。主成分分析得出株高、茎秆长度、穗粒数、糖锤度、榨汁率、主穗长度、生物产量这7个性状相对品种的综合表现影响更大。因此,在选育甜高粱杂交种时,要注重对糖锤度、茎粗、茎秆长度的选择,同时兼顾对株高、穗粒数、主穗长度、榨汁率、千粒重的选择。 相似文献