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1.
Yellow rust (stripe rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici, is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat throughout the world. Wheat-Haynaldia villosa 6AL.6VS translocation lines R43, R55, R64 and R77, derived from the cross of three species, carry resistance to both yellow rust and powdery mildew. An F2 population was established by crossing R55 with the susceptible cultivar Yumai 18. The yellow rust resistance in R55 was controlled by a single dominant gene, which segregated independently of the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21 located in the chromosome 6VS segment, indicating that the yellow rust resistance gene and Pm21 are unlikely to be carried by the same alien segment. This yellow rust resistance gene was considered to beYr26, originally thought to be also located in chromosome arm 6VS. Bulked Segregation Analysis and microsatellite primer screens of the population F2 of Yumai 18 × R55 identified three chromosome 1B microsatellite locus markers, Xgwm11, Xgwm18 and Xgwm413, closely linked to Yr26. Yr26 was placed 1.9 cM distal of Xgwm11/Xgwml8, which in turn were 3.2 cM from Xgwm413. The respective LOD values were 21 and 36.5. Therefore, Yr26 was located in the short arm of chromosome 1B. The origin and distribution of Yr26 was investigated by pedigree, inheritance of resistance and molecular marker analysis. The results indicated that Yr26 came from Triticum turgidum L. Three other 6AL.6VS translocation lines, R43, R64 and R77, also carried Yr26. These PCR-based microsatellite markers were shown to be very effective for the detection of the Yr26 gene in segregating populations and therefore can be applied in wheat breeding. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

2.
小麦品种小偃9323抗条锈基因的遗传分析和分子作图   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
小偃9323是小偃6号的同源材料,具有早熟、抗逆性强、适应性广、抗条锈性强等许多优良的生物学特性。为明确其抗条锈性及遗传规律,利用当前流行的中国条锈菌小种CYR32对抗病品种小偃9323与感病品种铭贤169及其杂交后代F1、F2、F3和BC1代进行苗期抗条锈性遗传分析,并对其抗条锈基因进行SSR分子标记。结果表明,小偃9323对CYR32小种具有良好的抗性,由1对隐性基因所控制。利用F2代分离群体,筛选到6个与抗病基因连锁的SSR标记,分别是Xwmc807、Xbarc3、Xwmc684、Xwmc201、Xwmc553和Xwmc179;该抗病基因位于小麦6AL染色体上,其最近的标记为Xwmc201和Xwmc553,遗传距离分别是2.6 cM和3.7 cM。分析表明,该基因不同于已知抗条锈基因,暂被命名为YrXY9323。用YrXY9323两侧遗传距离最近的标记Xwmc201和Xwmc553对42个黄淮麦区主栽小麦品种进行分子检测,结果表明有19%的品种具有与YrXY9323相同的标记位点。本结果对YrXY9323在小麦抗条锈病育种中的应用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

3.
A. Z. Cao    X. E. Wang    Y. P. Chen    X. W. Zou    P. D. Chen 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(3):201-205
To develop markers linked with Pm21 located on chromosome 6VS of Haynaldia villosa, a pair of primers (NAU/xibao15F and NAU/xibao15R) were designed according to the sequence of a serine/threonine kinase gene (Contig17515), whose expression was induced by Blumeria graminis and selected from the gene expression experiment using the Barley GeneChip. Using genomic DNA of various genetic stocks including the wheat variety ‘Yangmai#5’, H. villosa, Triticum durum–H. villosa amphiploid, seven T. aestivum–H. villosa addition lines involving chromosomes 1V–7V, the translocation line T6VS·6AL, and 21 nullisomic–tetrasomic and eight deletion lines of T. aestivum‘Chinese Spring’ as templates, four amplicons specific for 6VS, 6AS, 6BS and 6DS, respectively, were produced. F2 individuals derived from the cross of ‘Yangmai#5’ × T6VS·6AL were analysed, and data indicate that NAU/xibao15902 could be used as a co‐dominant marker for selecting Pm21 located on 6VS.  相似文献   

4.
Leaf rust caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina is one of the most important diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) worldwide. The use of resistant wheat cultivars is considered the most economical and environment-friendly approach in controlling the disease. The Lr38 gene, introgressed from Agropyron intermedium, confers a stable seedling and adult plant resistance against multiple isolates tested in Europe. In the present study, 94 F2 plants resulting from a cross made between the resistant Thatcher-derived near-isogenic line (NIL) RL6097, and the susceptible Ethiopian wheat cultivar Kubsa were used to map the Thatcher Lr38 locus in wheat using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Out of 54 markers tested, 15 SSRs were polymorphic between the two parents and subsequently genotyped in the population. The P. triticina isolate DZ7-24 (race FGJTJ), discriminating Lr38 resistant and susceptible plants, was used to inoculate seedlings of the two parents and the segregating population. The SSR markers Xwmc773 and Xbarc273 flanked the Lr38 locus at a distance of 6.1 and 7.9 cM, respectively, to the proximal end of wheat chromosome arm 6DL. The SSR markers Xcfd5 and Xcfd60 both flanked the locus at a distance of 22.1 cM to the distal end of 6DL. In future, these SSR markers can be used by wheat breeders and pathologists for marker assisted selection (MAS) of Lr38-mediated leaf rust resistance in wheat.  相似文献   

5.
The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) gene Lr34/Yr18 conditions resistance to leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust, along with other diseases such as powdery mildew. This makes it one of the most important genes in wheat. In Canada, Lr34 has provided effective leaf rust resistance since it was first incorporated into the cultivar Glenlea, registered in 1972. Recently, molecular markers were discovered that are either closely linked to this locus, or contained within the gene. Canadian wheat cultivars released from 1900 to 2007, breeding lines and related parental lines, were tested for sequence based markers caSNP12, caIND11, caIND10, caSNP4, microsatellite markers wms1220, cam11, csLVMS1, swm10, csLV34, and insertion site based polymorphism marker caISBP1. Thirty different molecular marker haplotypes were found among the 375 lines tested; 5 haplotypes had the resistance allele for Lr34, and 25 haplotypes had a susceptibility allele at this locus. The numbers of lines in each haplotype group varied from 1 to 140. The largest group was represented by the leaf rust susceptible cultivar “Thatcher” and many lines derived from “Thatcher”. The 5 haplotypes that had the resistance allele for Lr34 were identical for the markers tested within the coding region of the gene but differed in the linked markers wms1220, caISBP1, cam11, and csLV34. The presence of the resistance or susceptibility allele at the Lr34 locus was tracked through the ancestries of the Canadian wheat classes, revealing that the resistance allele was present in many cultivars released since the 1970s, but not generally in the older cultivars.  相似文献   

6.
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (PST), is one of the most important diseases of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). China has the largest stripe rust epidemic areas in the world and yield losses can be large. Aegilops tauschii Coss, the D-genome progenitor of common wheat, includes two subspecies, tauschii and strangulata (Eig) Tzvel. The ssp. strangulata accession AS2388 is highly resistant to the prevailing physiological races of PST in China, and possesses a single dominant gene for stripe rust resistance. In order to tag this gene, AS2388 was crossed with the highly susceptible ssp. tauschii accession AS87. The parents, F2 plants, and F2:3 families were tested at adult plant stage in field trials with six currently prevailing races. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were used to identify molecular markers linked to the resistance gene. SSR markers Xwmc285 and Xwmc617 were linked to the resistance gene on chromosome arm 4DS flanking it at 1.7 and 34.6 cM, respectively. Based on the chromosomal location, this gene temporarily designated as YrAS2388 is probably novel. The resistance in Ae. tauschii AS2388 was partially expressed in two newly developed synthetic hexaploid backgrounds.  相似文献   

7.
利用我国流行的小麦条锈菌生理小种CY28、CY29、CY30、CY31、CY32和水源11致病型4对102份硬粒小麦-粗山羊草人工合成小麦材料进行抗病鉴定,其中CI108（组合为GAN/Aegilops squarrosa 201）对上述6个流行生理小种均表现免疫。利用CY31对杂交组合CI108/铭贤169正交、反交的F1材料以及F2代群体进行抗病鉴定,结果表明其抗性受细胞核显性单基因控制。基因推导表明,CI108对30个条锈菌生理小种均表现抗性,其抗谱与23份已知抗条锈病基因品种（系）不同,与K733（含有Yr24）和洛夫林13（含Yr9+未知基因）相似,但CI108与洛夫林13、K733对多个条锈菌生理小种的抗性程度不同,洛夫林13、K733与CI108系谱不同,且缺乏CI108特异的SSR标记Xgwm456的抗病特异带。所以,CI108中抗条锈基因应该是不同于其他基因的抗条锈病新基因,暂命名为YrC108。进一步利用CI108/铭贤169的F2群体、抗感分离分析池（BSA）筛选YrC108的SSR分子标记,找到了3个紧密连锁的标记,其中Xgwm456和Wmc419位于YrC108的一侧,与YrC108间遗传距离分别为0.6 cM和1.8 cM,Wmc413位于YrC108的另一侧,遗传距离为0.6 cM。本研究为小麦抗条锈病育种提供了高抗、广谱的新抗源和进行高效检测的分子标记。  相似文献   

8.
Development of effective molecular markers linked to Pm21 deriving from Haynaldia villosa is critical for wheat breeding of powdery mildew resistance. In this study, we designed 12 pairs of conserved‐intron scanning primers (CISPs), using intron‐containing conserved genes located on the short arm of Brachypodium distachyon chromosome 3 (3BdS) aligned with cDNA or expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of Triticeae crops. Of 12 CISP primer pairs, 11 amplified DNA both in H. villosa and in wheat, and four displayed H. villosa chromosome 6VS‐specific polymorphisms. Six non‐polymorphic DNAs were further sequenced for designing internal primers, and five additional 6VS‐specific markers were obtained. Of the total nine 6VS‐specific co‐dominant markers, six could effectively trace Pm21 in F2 population derived from the hybrid between the T6AL.6VS line and ‘Yangmai 158’. This study demonstrated that Brachypodium genomic information could be powerfully utilized to develop molecular markers in H. villosa or other Triticeae species.  相似文献   

9.
Y. J. Yi    H. Y. Liu    X. Q. Huang    L. Z. An    F. Wang    X. L. Wang 《Plant Breeding》2008,127(2):116-120
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. tritici, is an important disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) was employed to identify SRAP (sequence‐related amplified polymorphism), sequence tagged site (STS) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to the Pm4b gene, which confers good resistance to powdery mildew in wheat. Out of 240 SRAP primer combinations tested, primer combinations Me8/Em7 and Me12/Em7 yielded 220‐bp and 205‐bp band, respectively, each of them associated with Pm4b. STS‐241 also linked to Pm4b with a genetic distance of 4.9 cM. Among the eight SSR markers located on wheat chromosome 2AL, Xgwm382 was found to be polymorphic and linked to Pm4b with a genetic distance of 11.8 cM. Further analysis was carried out using the four markers to investigate marker validation for marker‐assisted selection (MAS). The results showed that a combination of the linked markers STS?241, Me8/Em7?220 and Xgwm382 could be used for marker‐assisted selection of the resistance gene Pm4b in wheat breeding programmes.  相似文献   

10.
Q. Sun    Y. Wei    Z. Ni    C. Xie  T. Yang 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(6):539-541
Yellow rust of wheat caused by Puccinia striiformis f sp. tritici has been periodically epidemic and severely damaged wheat production in China and throughout the world. Breeding for resistant cultivars has been proved to be an effective way to resolve the problem. A yellow rust resistance gene, Yr5, derived from Triticum spelta shows immunity or high resistance to the most popular isolates Tiaozhong 30 and 31 in China. Establishment of DNA markers for the Yr5 gene will facilitate marker‐assisted selection and gene pyramiding in the breeding programme. Since the Yr5 gene was cytologically located on the long arm of chromosome 2B, By33, the donor of Yr5, was crossed and backcrossed with the susceptible line 441, and BC3F2 and BC3F3 segregating populations were screened for polymorphism by using 11 microsatellite primers mapped on chromosome 2B. A marker, Xgwm501‐195 bp/160 bp, was found to be linked to Yr5, with a genetic distance of 10.5‐13.3 cM.  相似文献   

11.
Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is an important disease for wheat production, both in China and worldwide. In laboratory studies spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) landrace Altgold was resistant to P. triticina races THT and PHT and genetic analysis indicated that it possessed a dominant leaf rust resistance gene, temporarily designated LrAlt. F6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross with the susceptible common wheat cultivar Nongda 3338 were used to map LrAlt with SSR markers. The resistance gene was distal to SSR loci Xbarc212, Xwmc382, Xgwm636, and Xwmc407 on the short arm of chromosome 2A. The closest markers Xbarc212 and Xwmc382 which co-segregated were 1.8 cM away from LrAlt. The relationships of LrAlt and other wheat leaf rust resistance genes located on the short arm of chromosome 2A were discussed, suggesting that LrAlt might be a new leaf rust resistance gene.  相似文献   

12.
Stripe rust (or yellow rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. Growing resistant cultivars is the best approach to control the disease. To identify and map genes for stripe rust resistance in wheat cultivar ‘Wuhan 2', an F2 population was developed from a cross between the cultivar and susceptible cultivar Mingxian 169. The parents, 179 F2 plants and their derived F2:3 lines were evaluated for responses to Chinese races CYR30 and CYR31 of the pathogen in a greenhouse. A recessive gene for resistance was identified. DNA bulked segregant analysis was applied and resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) techniques were used to identify molecular markers linked to the resistance gene. A genetic map consisting of five RGAP and six SSR markers was constructed. The recessive gene, designated Yrwh2, was located on the short arm of chromosome 3B and flanked by SSR markers Xwmc540 and Xgwm566 at 5.9 and 10.0 cM, respectively. The chromosomal location of the resistance gene and its close marker suggest that the locus is different from previously reported stripe rust resistance genes Yr30, QYr.ucw-3BS, Yrns-B1, YrRub and QYrex.wgp-3BL previously mapped to chromosome 3B. Yrwh2 and its closely linked markers are potentially useful for developing stripe rust resistance wheat cultivars if used in combination with other genes.  相似文献   

13.
Stripe rust resistance gene YrC591, present in wheat cultivar C591, is effective against currently important Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici isolates in China. An F2:3 population (127 lines) was developed by crossing C591 with susceptible cultivar Taichung 29. Thirty four simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 155 sequence tagged site (STS) markers located on chromosome 7BL were used to perform bulk segregant analysis. Eight SSR markers, cfa2040, wmc273, wmc166, gwm984, barc32 wmc276, barc182 and gwm146, and 6 STS markers, mag1714, mag1757, mag1811, BE425120, BE471173 and BG607810, were polymorphic between the parents and contrasting resistant and susceptible DNA pools. F2:3 lines were genotyped with these polymorphic markers. Linkage analysis indicated that YrC591 was flanked by Xmag1714 and Xbarc182 with genetic distances of 1.2 and 0.4 cM, respectively. In addition, validation of the SSR markers cfa2040, wmc273 and barc32, and STS markers mag1714 and BE425120 was carried out using wheat lines with C591 as a parent, indicating that these markers should be effective in tracing this gene in marker-assisted selection.  相似文献   

14.
为了利用小麦抗条锈病品系M8003-5中的抗病基因,用当前7个流行的条锈菌生理小种对小麦品系M8003-5的抗条锈性进行了鉴定,发现该品种对当前的各优势小种均有良好抗性。在温室内以病菌小种Su11-4对M8003-5在进行苗期抗条锈性鉴定和遗传分析,初步确定M8003-5对Su11-4的抗性由1对显性基因控制,位于7DS上的SSR标记Xbarc5、Xwmc463、Xwmc405、Xbarc126、Xgwm295、Xgwm44、Xwmc702、Xwmc438、Xwmc121、Xgwm111和Xbarc121与该基因连锁,最近的为Xwmc702和Xwmc438,遗传距离分别为3.5 cM和4.3 cM。分子标记及其相关分析表明,此基因可能来自黑麦,与已定位于7D染色体上的抗病基因不同,暂命名为YrM8003。利用与其紧密连锁的标记Xwmc702和Xwmc438测黄淮麦区43个主栽品种,结果显示,有20%的品种具有与YrM8003基因相同的标记位点。这一结果有助于YrM8003在抗条锈病育种的应用。  相似文献   

15.
Summary Seedlings of 38 wild emmer derivatives, and a total of 53 advanced wheat varieties/lines introduced from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) or other sources, Nepalese breeding lines and local cultivars were inoculated with 18 different yellow rust isolates to postulate yellow rust resistance genes (Yr). Many wild emmer wheat derivatives used were resistant to all isolates indicating the presence of undescribed genes. Some derivatives carried Yr9, Yr6 and/or YrSU. Genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr15, YrSU and YrA+ are no longer effective in Nepal; Yr4, Yr5, Yr9, Yr10, YrSP and YrSD are still effective; the effectiveness of Yr3 remains unclear. This study shows that stripe rust resistance in seedling stage of most Nepalese cultivars and advanced materials is based on Yr9 with combinations of Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, and YrA+, of which only Yr9 is still effective in Nepal. In many countries Yr9 has lost its effectiveness. Therefore the introduction of new Yr-genes from wild emmer wheat in Nepalese cultivars is highly important.  相似文献   

16.
Pm21具有强抗白粉病特性，位于簇毛麦6V染色体短臂（6VS）上。染色体分析和白粉病抗性检测表明，Pm21在受体小麦内是稳定遗传的。筛选与Pm21相连锁分子标记，在小麦抗白粉病辅助选择育种上有重要意义。利用RAPD和AFLP分子标记方法，对簇毛麦6V染色体和含有6V的小麦-簇毛麦代换系、6VS的易位系6AL/6VS、6DL/6VS进行分子标记筛选，以分析位于6VS上的分子标记及其与Pm21的关系。RAPD检测表明，OPK08910特异片段存在于含簇毛麦6V染色体的代换系（6A/6V）、易位系（6AL/6VS，6DL/6VS）和簇毛麦中。AFLP检测显示，PstⅠ+AGG / MseⅠ+CAC、PstⅠ+ACC / MseⅠ+CCT和PstⅠ+ AAG / MseⅠ+CGC 共3对引物分别可以在6A/6V、6AL/6VS、6DL/6VS和VV中扩增出264 bp、218 bp和232 bp特异带，并与抗白粉病基因Pm21共分离，因此，上述来源于6VS上的4个新的分子标记，可作为源自簇毛麦Pm21基因的选择标记，用于小麦抗病育种。  相似文献   

17.
A set of 105 European wheat cultivars was assessed for seedling resistance and adult plant resistance (APR) to stripe (yellow) rust in greenhouse and field tests with selected Australian isolates of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Twelve cultivars were susceptible to all pathotypes, and among the remainder, 11 designated seedling genes (Yr1, Yr3, Yr4, Yr6, Yr7, Yr9, Yr17, Yr27, Yr32, YrHVII and YrSP) and a range of unidentified seedling resistances were detected either singly or in combination. The identity of seedling resistance in 43 cultivars could not be determined with the available Pst pathotypes, and it is considered possible that at least some of these may carry uncharacterised seedling resistance genes. The gene Yr9 occurred with the highest frequency, present in 19 cultivars (18%), followed by Yr17, present in 10 cultivars (10%). Twenty four cultivars lacked seedling resistance that was effective against the pathotype used in field nurseries, and all but two of these displayed very high levels of APR. While the genetic identity of this APR is currently unknown, it is potentially a very useful source of resistance to Pst. Genetic studies are now needed to characterise this resistance to expedite its use in efforts to breed for resistance to stripe rust. Colin R. Wellings seconded from NSW Department of Primary Industries.  相似文献   

18.
Leaf rust resistance gene Lr58 derived from Aegilops triuncialis L. was transferred to the hard red winter wheat (HRWW) cultivars Jagger and Overley by standard backcrossing and marker-assisted selection (MAS). A co-dominant PCR-based sequence tagged site (STS) marker was developed based on the sequence information of the RFLP marker (XksuH16) diagnostically detecting the alien segment in T2BS·2BL-2tL(0.95). STS marker Xncw-Lr58-1 was used to select backcross F1 plants with rust resistance. The co-dominant marker polymorphism detected by primer pair NCW-Lr58-1 efficiently identified the homozygous BC3F2 plants with rust resistance gene Lr58. The STS marker Xncw-Lr58-1 showed consistent diagnostic polymorphism between the resistant source and the wheat cultivars selected by the US Wheat Coordinated Agricultural Project. The utility and compatibility of the STS marker in MAS programs involving robust genotyping platforms was demonstrated in both agarose-based and capillary-based platforms. Screening backcross derivatives carrying Lr58 with various rust races at seedling stage suggested the transferred rust resistance in adapted winter wheats is stable in both cultivar backgrounds. Lr58 in adapted winter wheat backgrounds could be used in combination with other resistance genes in wheat rust resistance breeding.  相似文献   

19.
Z. J. Pu    G. Y. Chen    Y. M. Wei    W. Y. Yang    Z. H. Yan    Y. L. Zheng 《Plant Breeding》2010,129(1):53-57
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (PST), is one of the most devastating diseases in common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). With the objective of identifying and tagging a new gene for resistance to stripe rust in wheat line P81, F1, F2 and F2:3 populations from the cross 'Chuanmai 28'/P81 were inoculated with Chinese PST race CYR32 in greenhouse and field trials. P81 carried a single dominant gene for resistance (designated YrP81 ) to CYR32. Tests of allelism showed that YrP81 was different from Yr5 , Yr10 , Yr15 and Yr26 . Simple sequence repeat (SSR) and resistance gene-analogue polymorphism (RGAP) between the parents were used for genotyping the F2 populations. YrP81 was closely linked to four SSR loci on chromosome 2BS with genetic distances of 18.3 cM ( Xwmc25 ), 1.8 cM ( Xgwm429 ), 4.1 cM ( Xwmc770 ) and 5.3 cM ( Xgwm148 ). Two RGAP markers RGA1 (NLRR/XLRR) and RGA2 (Pto kin4/NLRR-INV2) were also closely linked to YrP81 with genetic distances of 4.7 and 6.3 cM, respectively. The linkage map of YrP81 and molecular markers was established in the order Xwmc25 - RGA2 - RGA1 - Xgwm429 - YrP81 - Xwmc770 - Xgwm148 . Pedigree analysis, response patterns with Chinese PST races and associations with markers suggested that YrP81 is a novel stripe rust resistance gene. The PCR-based microsatellite and RGAP markers identified here could be applied in selection of YrP81 in wheat breeding.  相似文献   

20.
Detection of H. villosa chromosomes in telosomic addition and translocation lines of common wheat was undertaken using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), C-banding techniques and polyacrylamide gels electrophoresis. The result of GISH on mitotic metaphase cells of the addition line `95039' indicated that the added telochromosomes originated from H. villosa, and it was probably 6VS or 7Vs of H. villosa according to the C-banding pattern. Furthermore, the analysis of gliadin profiles demonstrated that the telochromosome was 6VS. A pair of 1RS/1BL translocation chromosome was also found in `95039'. In addition, mitotic GISH analysis showed that the 6VS/6AL translocation chromosome remained unchanged after being transferred into new wheat background. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

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