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1.
Summary Aegilops umbellulata acc. Y39 and Triticum carthlicum acc. PS5, immune to many powdery mildew isolates, were crossed to make an amphidiploid line Am9. The powdery mildew resistance of Am9 was transferred to common wheat cultivar Laizhou953 by crossing and backcrossing. In this study, the origin of powdery mildew resistance in a BC3F4:5 population derived from a cross of Am9 and Laizhou953 was identified. Microsatellite markers analysis showed that markers Xgwm257, Xgwm296, and Xgwm319, co-segregated with the powdery mildew resistance, whereas markers Xgwm210, Xgwm388/140, Xgwm388/170 and Xgwm526 were related to susceptibility and linked to resistance in repulsion. Of three markers related to resistance, Xgwm257 and Xgwm319 were codominant, whereas Xgwm296 was dominant. All three markers were Ae. umbellulata-specific indicating that resistance in the test population originated from Ae. umbellulata acc. Y39. The chromosome location and mapping of these linked microsatellite markers, the chromosome numbers of derived BC3F4:6 families, and chromosome pairing in F1 plants from a cross of a homozygous resistant BC3F4:5 plant and Laizhou953, showed that wheat chromosome 2B was substituted by Ae. umbellulata chromosome 2U. This is the first gene conferring powdery mildew resistance transferred to wheat from Ae. umbellulata, and it should be a novel resistance gene to powdery mildew. It was temporarily designated PmY39.The first two authors made equal contributions  相似文献   

2.
X. M. Chen    Y. H. Luo    X. C. Xia    L. Q. Xia    X. Chen    Z. L. Ren    Z. H. He    J. Z. Jia 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(3):225-228
The use of resistant cultivars is a most economical way to control powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Identification of molecular markers closely linked to resistance genes can greatly increase the efficiency of pyramiding resistance genes in wheat cultivars. The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers closely linked lo the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm16. An F2 population with 156 progeny was produced from the cross‘Chancellor’(susceptible) ב70281’ (resistant), A total of 45 SSR markers on chromosomes 4A and 5B of wheat and 15 SSRs on chromosome 3 of rice was used lo lest the parents, as well as the resistant and susceptible bulks: the resulting polymorphic markers were used to genotype the F2 progeny. Results indicated that the SSR marker Xgwm159, located on the short arm of chromosome 5B, is closely linked to Pm16 (genetic distance: 5.3 CM). The cytogenetical data presented in an original report, in combination with this molecular analysis, suggests that Pm16 may he located on a translocated 4A.5BS chromosome.  相似文献   

3.
An Israeli accession (TTD140) of wild emmer, Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides, was found resistant to several races of powdery mildew. Inoculation of the chromosome-arm substitution lines (CASLs) of TTD140, in the background of the Israeli common wheat cultivar ‘Bethlehem’ (BL), with five isolates of powdery mildew revealed that only the line carrying the short arm of chromosome 2B of wild emmer (CASL 2BS) exhibited complete resistance to four of the five isolates. To map and tag the powdery mildew resistance gene, 41 recombinant substitution lines, derived from a cross between BL and CASL 2BS, were used to construct a linkage map at the gene region. The map, which encompasses 69.5 cM of the distal region of chromosome arm 2BS, contains six RFLP markers, a morphological marker (glaucousness inhibitor, W1 I), and the powdery mildew resistance gene. Segregation ratios for resistance in F2 of BL × CASL 2BS and in the recombinant lines, combined with the susceptability of F1 progeny to all tested isolates, indicate that resistance is controlled by a single recessive allele. This alleleco-segregated with a polymorphic locus detected by the DNA marker Xwg516, 49.4 cM from the terminal marker Xcdo456. The new powdery mildew resistance gene was designated Pm26. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

4.
Yellow rust (stripe rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici, is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat throughout the world. Wheat-Haynaldia villosa 6AL.6VS translocation lines R43, R55, R64 and R77, derived from the cross of three species, carry resistance to both yellow rust and powdery mildew. An F2 population was established by crossing R55 with the susceptible cultivar Yumai 18. The yellow rust resistance in R55 was controlled by a single dominant gene, which segregated independently of the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21 located in the chromosome 6VS segment, indicating that the yellow rust resistance gene and Pm21 are unlikely to be carried by the same alien segment. This yellow rust resistance gene was considered to beYr26, originally thought to be also located in chromosome arm 6VS. Bulked Segregation Analysis and microsatellite primer screens of the population F2 of Yumai 18 × R55 identified three chromosome 1B microsatellite locus markers, Xgwm11, Xgwm18 and Xgwm413, closely linked to Yr26. Yr26 was placed 1.9 cM distal of Xgwm11/Xgwml8, which in turn were 3.2 cM from Xgwm413. The respective LOD values were 21 and 36.5. Therefore, Yr26 was located in the short arm of chromosome 1B. The origin and distribution of Yr26 was investigated by pedigree, inheritance of resistance and molecular marker analysis. The results indicated that Yr26 came from Triticum turgidum L. Three other 6AL.6VS translocation lines, R43, R64 and R77, also carried Yr26. These PCR-based microsatellite markers were shown to be very effective for the detection of the Yr26 gene in segregating populations and therefore can be applied in wheat breeding. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

5.
小麦白粉病是严重影响小麦生产的重要病害之一,培育和应用抗病品种是有效控制和减少病害的最经济有效的方法。野生二粒小麦是硬粒小麦和普通小麦的四倍体野生祖先种,是小麦抗病性遗传改良的重要基因资源。本研究利用来自以色列的野生二粒小麦WE29与普通小麦杂交,再用普通小麦连续回交和自交,育成高抗白粉病(Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici)小麦新品系3D258(系谱为燕大1817/WE29//5*87-1, BC4F6)。将3D258和高感小麦白粉病的普通小麦品种薛早配制杂交组合,对其F1、F2代分离群体和F3代家系进行白粉病抗性鉴定和遗传分析。结果表明3D258携带抗白粉病显性单基因,暂命名为MlWE29。利用集群分离分析法(BSA)和分子标记分析,发现6个SSR标记(Xgwm335、Xgwm213、Xgwm639、Xwmc415、Xwmc289和Xwmc75)和5个EST-STS标记(BE494426、BE442763、CD452476、BE445282和BE407068)与抗白粉病基因MlWE29连锁。利用中国春缺体-四体系、双端体系和缺失系将抗白粉病基因MlWE29标记物理定位于5BL染色体的0.59–0.79区域。这一普通小麦抗白粉病种质资源的创制及其连锁分子标记的建立为小麦抗病基因分子标记辅助选择、基因积聚和分子育种提供了新的物质基础。  相似文献   

6.
普通小麦品种Brock抗白粉病基因分子标记定位   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  
为明确利用Brock转育成的小麦抗白粉病品系3B529(京411*7//农大015/Brock, F6)抗性的遗传基础,将高感白粉病小麦品系薛早和3B529杂交,获得F1代、F2分离群体和F2:3家系。抗病性鉴定和遗传分析结果表明,3B529对E09小种的抗性受1对显性基因控制,暂被定名为MlBrock。利用BSA和分子标记分析,获得了与MlBrock连锁的3个SSR标记Xcfd81、Xcfd78、Xgwm159和2个SCAR标记SCAR203和SCAR112,根据SSR和SCAR标记在中国春缺体四体、双端体和缺失系的定位结果,将MlBrock定位在小麦染色体臂5DS Bin 0~0.63区间上。MlBrock与Xcfd81和SCAR203共分离,与SCAR112的遗传距离为0.5 cM。这些分子标记的建立有利于今后Brock抗白粉病基因分子标记辅助选择和基因聚合。综合抗白粉病基因MlBrock的染色体定位和抗谱分析结果,推测MlBrock很可能是Pm2基因。  相似文献   

7.
Molecular mapping of powdery mildew resistance genes in wheat: A review   总被引：40，自引：3，他引：40  
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (syn. Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici), is one of the most important diseases of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Molecular mapping and cloning of genes for resistance to powdery mildew in hexaploid wheat will facilitate the study of molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to powdery mildew diseases and help understand the structure and function of powdery mildew resistance genes, and permit marker-assisted selection in breeding programs. So far, 48 genes/alleles for resistance to powdery mildew at 32 loci have been identified and located on 16 different chromosomes, of which 21 resistance genes/alleles have been tagged by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), random-amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs), sequence-tagged sites (STS) or simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for adult plant resistance (APR) to powdery mildew have been associated with molecular markers. The detailed information on chromosomal location and molecular mapping of these genes has been reviewed. Isolation of powdery mildew resistance genes and development of valid molecular markers for pyramiding resistance genes in breeding programs is also discussed.  相似文献   

8.
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in China and worldwide, causing severe yield losses annually. Wild emmer (T. dicoccoides) accession IW72 collected from Israel is resistant to powdery mildew at the seedling and adult stages. Genetic analysis indicated that the resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated MlIW72. The F2 population and F3 families derived from a hybrid between IW72 and susceptible durum wheat line Mo75 were used for molecular mapping of the resistance gene. MlIW72 was linked with SSR loci Xgwm344, Xcfa2040, Xcfa2240, Xcfa2257 and Xwmc525 on the long arm of chromosome 7A. In addition, two STS markers, MAG2185 (derived from RFLP marker PSR680) and MAG1759 (developed from EST CD452874), were mapped close to MlIW72. All these markers were physically located in the terminal bin 0.86–1.00 of 7AL. The chromosome location and genetic mapping results suggested that the powdery mildew resistance gene identified in wild emmer accession IW72 might be a new allele at the Pm1 locus or a new locus closely linked to Pm1.  相似文献   

9.
小麦种质N9134抗白粉病基因的SSR标记和染色体初步定位   总被引：8，自引：7，他引：1  
普通小麦种质N9134含有野生二粒小麦AS846的抗白粉病基因,该种质对陕西省关中地区白粉病流行小种关中四号表现高抗。用高感小麦白粉病的普通小麦品种陕160和陕优225与N9134杂交,F1代对白粉病表现高抗,F2代抗病和感病植株的比例符合3∶1, 表明N9134苗期白粉病抗性由1对完全显性基因控制,暂定名为PmAS846。采用66个小麦SSR  相似文献   

10.
小麦白粉病是严重影响小麦生产的重要病害之一,培育和应用抗病品种是有效控制和减少病害的最经济有效的方法。野生二粒小麦是硬粒小麦和普通小麦的四倍体野生祖先种,是小麦抗病性遗传改良的重要基因资源。本研究利用来自以色列的野生二粒小麦WE29与普通小麦杂交,再用普通小麦连续回交和自交,育成高抗白粉病(Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici)小麦新品系3D258(系谱为燕大1817/WE29//5*87-1, BC4F6)。将3D258和高感小麦白粉病的普通小麦品种薛早配制杂交组合,对其F1、F2代分离群体和F3代家系进行白粉病抗性鉴定和遗传分析。结果表明3D258携带抗白粉病显性单基因,暂命名为MlWE29。利用集群分离分析法(BSA)和分子标记分析,发现6个SSR标记(Xgwm335、Xgwm213、Xgwm639、Xwmc415、Xwmc289和Xwmc75)和5个EST-STS标记(BE494426、BE442763、CD452476、BE445282和BE407068)与抗白粉病基因MlWE29连锁。利用中国春缺体-四体系、双端体系和缺失系将抗白粉病基因MlWE29标记物理定位于5BL染色体的0.59–0.79区域。这一普通小麦抗白粉病种质资源的创制及其连锁分子标记的建立为小麦抗病基因分子标记辅助选择、基因积聚和分子育种提供了新的物质基础。  相似文献   

11.
Summary A new source of resistance to wheat powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe graminis has been transferred to hexaploid bread wheat, Triticum aestivum, from the wild tetraploid wheat, Triticum dicoccoides. The donor was crossed to bread wheat and the pentaploid progeny was then self-pollinated. Plants having a near stable hexaploid chromosome complement were selected in the F3 progeny and topcrossing and backcrossing of these to a second wheat cultivar to improve the phenotype was undertaken. Monosomic analysis of early backcross lines showed the transferred gene to be located on chromosome 4A. The gene has been designated Pm16.  相似文献   

12.
The powdery mildew resistance gene Pm6, transferred to common wheat from the tetraploid Triticum timopheevii, is effective in most epidemic areas for powdery mildew in China. RFLP probe BCD135 was previously associated with Pm6. In the present research, four STS primers (NAU/STSBCD135-1, NAU/STSBCD135-2, STS003 and STS004) were designed from the sequence data of BCD135. These primers were used for PCR amplification using the genomic DNA of resistant near-isogenic lines with Pm6 and their recurrent parent, cv. Prins. No polymorphic product was observed using primers STS003 and STS004; however, primers NAU/STSBCD135-1 and NAU/STSBCD135-2 amplified two and one bands, respectively, polymorphic between the resistant near-isogenic-lines and Prins. The two primers were then used to amplify the F2 population from the cross IGV1-465 (FAO163b/7*Prins) × Prins. The amplification and the powdery mildew resistance identification data were analyzed using the software Mapmaker 3.0. The results indicated that both NAU/STSBCD135-1 and NAU/STSBCD135-2 were closely linked to Pm6 with a genetic distance of 0.8 cM. A total of 175 commercial varieties without Pm6 from different ecological areas of China were tested using marker NAU/STSBCD135-2 and none of them amplified the 230 bp-specific band. This marker thus has high practicability and can be used in MAS of Pm6 in wheat breeding programs for powdery mildew resistance. Jianhui Ji and Bi Qin contributed equally to this work.  相似文献   

13.
小麦抗白粉病新基因的AFLP和SSR标记及其染色体定位   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  
李韬  张增艳  林志珊  陈孝  高珊  辛志勇 《作物学报》2005,31(9):1105-1109
M53 (YAV2/TEZ//Ae.squarrosa 249) 是硬粒小麦与粗山羊草的双二倍体合成种,携带一个抗白粉病新基因,暂命名为Pm-M53,该基因对北京地区白粉病优势生理小种15号表现免疫抗性。本研究利用来源于杂交组合M53/宛7107的一个F2群体,在苗期采用白粉病15号小种（Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici）接种,抗病反应型鉴定表明,抗感比例符合3∶1,说明其抗性受显性单基因控制;对部分F2植株的F3株系的抗病鉴定进一步证明了F2鉴定的可靠性;利用AFLP和SSR标记技术结合F2分离群体对目的基因进行了遗传作图,将目的基因定位在5D染色体的长臂上。其中AFLP标记P16M16-109(Apm109)和P5M16-161(Apm161)与目的基因的遗传距离分别为1.0和3.0 cM。SSR标记Xwmc289b、Xgwm583和Xgwm292与目的基因的遗传距离分别为20.0、33.0和24.0 cM。这些标记位于目的基因的两侧。利用中国春遗传背景的缺-四体和双端体结合AFLP标记Apm109确证了SSR标记定位的可靠性,进一步证明该基因是一个新的抗白粉病基因。  相似文献   

14.
J.T. Kinane  P.W. Jones 《Euphytica》2001,117(3):251-260
Small variant wheat populations created by induced mutagenesis (n = 69) or adventitious regeneration (n = 66) were intensively screened for an altered response (compared to the parent variety ‘Guardian’) to the causal pathogen of powdery mildew in wheat, Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici. Intensive field screening following natural infection of replicated plots of wheat lines over two years revealed a total of 13 mutants exhibiting significantly greater resistance than ‘Guardian’: eight from induced mutagenesis (11.6%) of the M2 population and five from adventitious regeneration (7.6%). Complete resistance was identified in two lines, (one (M66) developed following induced mutagenesis, and the other (SC240) by adventitious regeneration). The complete resistance in the induced mutant was stable over two generations and was associated with a high frequency of leaf flecking, and consequently a low grain yield. Resistance in SC240 proved to be unstable; SC240 exhibited complete resistance to powdery mildew in the SC2 and SC3 generations, but only 20% of the SC4 plants were completely resistant, while the remainder were indistinguishable in mildew response to ‘Guardian’. The mildew response of all the SC5 generation of SC240 was not significantly different from ‘Guardian’. Yield analysis of the thirteen mutants with increased resistance in the presence of powdery mildew indicated that eleven exhibitedgrain yields at least as high as that of ‘Guardian’, while the mutant M19 exhibited a yield significantly higher than that of ‘Guardian’. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

15.
Summary Hordeum chilense is a wild barley with high crossability with Triticum, Hordeum and Secale. Its amphiploid with wheat, tritordeum, has potential as a new crop. H. chilense is highly resistant to the powdery mildew diseases of both wheat and barley. Whereas tritordeum is resistant to barley powdery mildew, its reaction to wheat powdery mildew is similar to that of its wheat parent. However H. chilense contributes to a reduced density of mildew colonies. This quantitative resistance of tritordeum is diluted at higher ploidy levels.  相似文献   

16.
A population of 103 recombinant inbred lines (RILs, F9-derived lines) developed from the two-row spring barley cross L94 × ‘Vada’ was evaluated under field conditions for resistance against powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) and scald (Rhynchosporium secalis). Apart from the major resistance gene mlo on chromosome 4 (4H), three QTLs (Rbgq1, Rbgq2 and Rbgq3) for resistance against powdery mildew were detected on chromosomes 2 (2H), 3 (3H), and 7 (5H), respectively. Rbgq1 and Rbgq2 have not been reported before, and did not map to a chromosome region where a major gene for powdery mildew had been reported. Four QTLs (Rrsq1, Rrsq2, Rrsq3 and Rrsq4) for resistance against scald were detected on chromosomes 3 (3H), 4 (4H) and 6 (6H). All four mapped to places where QTLs for scald resistance had been reported before in different populations.  相似文献   

17.
小麦地方品种小白冬麦抗白粉病基因分子标记   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
薛飞  翟雯雯  段霞瑜  周益林  吉万全 《作物学报》2009,35(10):1806-1811
小麦农家品种小白冬麦对小麦白粉病具有良好抗性,对病原菌拥有较广的抗谱,并与其他已知抗白粉病基因的抗谱不同,遗传分析证实小白冬麦的苗期抗性由一个隐性抗白粉病基因控制。为了寻找与小白冬麦所携带抗白粉病基因连锁的分子标记,采用小白冬麦和感病品种Chancellor(CC)正反交组合,在2个F2群体125和107个单株上进行验证。结果显示,抗白粉病基因mlxbd与引物Xgwm577、Xgwm1267等紧密连锁,通过中国春及其第7部分同源群缺体-四体系,双端体系和缺失系将其定位在7B染色体长臂末端区域(7BL-10,Bin 0.78~1.00), 利用与mlxbd最近的引物Xgwm577扩增23个含有已知抗白粉病基因的小麦品种,检测发现这个引物不能单独用于分子标记辅助选择育种。  相似文献   

18.
Y. J. Yi    H. Y. Liu    X. Q. Huang    L. Z. An    F. Wang    X. L. Wang 《Plant Breeding》2008,127(2):116-120
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. tritici, is an important disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) was employed to identify SRAP (sequence‐related amplified polymorphism), sequence tagged site (STS) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to the Pm4b gene, which confers good resistance to powdery mildew in wheat. Out of 240 SRAP primer combinations tested, primer combinations Me8/Em7 and Me12/Em7 yielded 220‐bp and 205‐bp band, respectively, each of them associated with Pm4b. STS‐241 also linked to Pm4b with a genetic distance of 4.9 cM. Among the eight SSR markers located on wheat chromosome 2AL, Xgwm382 was found to be polymorphic and linked to Pm4b with a genetic distance of 11.8 cM. Further analysis was carried out using the four markers to investigate marker validation for marker‐assisted selection (MAS). The results showed that a combination of the linked markers STS?241, Me8/Em7?220 and Xgwm382 could be used for marker‐assisted selection of the resistance gene Pm4b in wheat breeding programmes.  相似文献   

19.
A new resistance (R) gene to powdery mildew has been identified and characterized in a population derived from the wild potato species, Solanum neorossii under natural infection in the greenhouse. The segregation of resistance has revealed that this R gene is controlled by a single monogenic and dominant gene designated Rpm-nrs1. Analysis of the DNA sequence on an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the pathogen genome suggests that the pathogen causing the powdery mildew disease is either Golovinomyces orontii or G. cichoracearum. The resistance locus was localized to the short arm of chromosome 6 where several disease R genes already identified in potato and tomato are known to reside. The resistance locus cosegregated in 96 progeny with three AFLP markers and one PCR marker. The sequences of the two cosegregating AFLP markers are highly homologous to Mi-1 conferring resistance to nematode, potato aphid and whitefly and Rpi-blb2 conferring resistance to late blight. The results in this study will facilitate the cloning of this gene conferring resistance to powdery mildew.  相似文献   

20.
两个抗小麦白粉病新基因的遗传分析与染色体定位   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
YU25是从八倍体小偃麦TAI7047与小麦栽培品种川麦107杂交后代中选育出的对白粉病免疫的小麦育种新材料。以感白粉病小麦品种MY11与YU25杂交和回交的后代F1、F2、BC1F1和BC2F1为材料,采用四川省当前流行的小麦白粉病优势生理小种人工接种,对YU25的白粉病抗性进行了遗传分析。结果表明,YU25含有2对表现免疫反应和高抗反应的显性抗病基因,暂命名为PmE(免疫)和PmYU25(高抗)。用294对小麦微卫星引物和221个F2植株,对这2个基因进行连锁分析,发现小麦微卫星标记Xgwm-297-7B与PmE基因的遗传距离为13.0 cM,而Xgwm-210-2D与PmYU25基因的遗传距离为16.6 cM,因此将PmE和PmYU25分别定位在7BS和2DL上。根据系谱和基因位点分析,推断PmE和PmYU25均为起源于中间偃麦草、不同于已知的抗小麦白粉病基因的2个新基因。小麦育种新材料YU25含有可能来源于小麦-中间偃麦草的染色体多重易位,其细胞学基础和在实际育种中的应用值得进一步研究。  相似文献   

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