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1.
黄土丘陵沟壑区植被自然恢复过程中土壤种子库特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用野外调查取样和室内实验相结合的方法,研究了黄土丘陵沟壑区植被自然恢复过程中土壤种子库的物种组成、密度、物种多样性以及相似性特征.结果表明:阴、阳坡10个样地中,共萌发了55种2203株幼苗,隶属于23科48属;总密度达到5 505±625.537粒/m2,且0～5 cm土层远远大于5～10 cm土层的土壤种子库密度,约是其4.6倍;丰富度、多样性、均匀度指数均未与恢复年限达到显著相关水平,但生态优势度随恢复年限的增加呈上升趋势,且阳坡上升的趋势比阴坡明显;组成成分相似性系数变化范围为0.0952～0.7143,恢复年限相距越大,其相似性越小,说明植被恢复演替的过程也是土壤种子库空间异质性加大的过程. 相似文献
2.
不同干扰条件下荒漠区土壤种子库 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在内蒙古阿拉善荒漠区选择开垦、轮牧、过牧和禁牧4种不同干扰条件的样区,于2005年4月(春)、7月(夏)和10月(秋)分别对土壤种子库取样,并在实验室条件下进行发芽试验,得出如下结果:(1)4种不同干扰区在春、夏、秋三个季节土壤种子库可萌发种子平均数量分别为,开垦干扰:688粒/m2;轮牧干扰:1328粒/m2;过牧干扰:1488粒/m2;禁牧干扰:944粒/m2;(2)开垦区与禁牧区在4月份(春)、7月份(夏)、10月份(秋)土壤种子库可萌发种子数量呈连续上升趋势,而轮牧区与过牧区则呈先上升后下降趋势;(3)4种不同干扰条件下,开垦区、过牧区和禁牧区在不同深度土层中水分含量均无显著差异;而轮牧区0-5cm与其它三个土层中水分含量出现显著差异,而且0-5cm土壤层的水分含量与种子的萌发数量呈显著正相关。 相似文献
3.
黄土丘陵区人工刺槐林恢复对土壤碳库动态的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用样地调查与室内实验分析相结合的方法,以黄土丘陵区不同林龄人工刺槐林地为对象,探讨人工植被恢复对土壤有机碳密度、无机碳密度、总碳密度及其剖面分布的影响。结果表明:相对于坡耕地,刺槐林恢复过程中,0~100 cm土层有机碳密度先减少后增加最后趋于稳定,其开始增加的时间滞后于植物生长期,变化范围为2.57~3.69 kg·m-2。0~20 cm土层土壤有机碳显著增加,占整个土壤剖面有机碳储量的28.8%~39.5%;0~100 cm土层土壤剖面无机碳密度,随林龄增加呈波动变化,变化范围为16.65~20.30 kg·m-2。0~20 cm土层土壤无机碳具有一定的脱钙现象,整个剖面无机碳库储量约为有机碳库的4.5~7.1倍,0~100 cm土层无机碳储量在总碳中所占比例为81.9%~89.4%。总体来看,0~100 cm土层总碳库随人工植被恢复无明显增加,甚至略微下降。表明评估研究区植被恢复土壤碳库效应时,应充分考虑土壤有机碳库和无机碳库的变化。 相似文献
4.
青海黄土丘陵区沟蚀侵蚀模数与其影响因子关系分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以青海黄土丘陵区18条侵蚀沟为研究对象,用钢钎法测定了侵蚀模数,根据样地土壤砂粒、粉粒、粘粒质地分布和有机质的质量分数,分析计算其可蚀性K值。结合样地植被、坡度等调查信息,分析侵蚀模数与其影响因子的关系。结果表明:同一时期,侵蚀模数随植被覆盖度的增加而降低,当植物覆盖度达到70%时,侵蚀模数对植被因子的敏感度降低。侵蚀模数随土壤孔隙度的增大而降低。随K值的增大和坡度的升高,侵蚀模数有增大的趋势。不同时期,高植被覆盖的样地,侵蚀模数随年限的增加呈降低趋势;低植被覆盖的样地,侵蚀模数随年限的增加呈波动变化,但总体上呈下降趋势;无植被覆盖的侵蚀沟样地,年侵蚀模数没有降低趋势。植被覆盖度相当的样地,K值越小,侵蚀模数越小。 相似文献
5.
黄土丘陵沟壑区天然植被恢复类型对土壤微生物碳的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用野外调查取样结合室内测定分析的方法,研究黄土丘陵沟壑区不同天然植被恢复类型土壤微生物量碳和有机质的变化规律,探讨植被恢复过程中土壤微生物量碳和有机质的关系。结果表明:植被恢复后的土壤微生物量碳和有机质含量较农田均显著提高,植被恢复对土壤微生物量碳和有机质的影响主要表现在0~10 cm土层;土壤微生物量碳和有机质在0~10 cm土层随恢复年限呈增加趋势,植被类型中乔木混交林土壤微生物量碳含量最大,乔木林的土壤有机质含量最大。不同恢复年限的草地,其土壤有机质与土壤微生物量碳在0~10 cm土层呈正相关关系,在10~20 cm呈负相关关系;不同恢复类型的植被,其土壤有机质和微生物量碳的关系与不同恢复年限的草地正好相反,其在0~10 cm土层负相关,在10~20 cm呈正相关。上述结果表明,黄土高原植被恢复有利于提高表层土壤微生物量碳和有机质含量;植被恢复类型和年限对土壤微生物量碳与有机质的关系影响不一致。 相似文献
6.
以科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿群落为研究对象,对比分析了放牧干扰和不同封育年限下土壤种子库特征。结果表明:①放牧和封育样地土壤种子库均以一年生植物为主,物种丰富度没有明显差异;②放牧样地土壤种子库密度为(3 475±519)粒/m2,封育6年和封育12年样地土壤种子库密度分别为(20 241±1 714)粒/m2和(28 777±3 946)粒/m2,显著高于放牧样地;③Shannon-W iener多样性指数、S impson多样性指数和P ielou均匀度指数在放牧样地分别为1.36,0.68和0.56,并随着封育年限的增加而降低;④放牧和封育样地土壤种子库主要分布于0~2 cm的土壤表层,封育样地各层的种子库密度均显著高于放牧样地;⑤放牧和封育样地土壤种子库均为聚集分布,但放牧样地种子库的空间异质性高于封育样地。 相似文献
7.
《干旱区资源与环境》2017,(12):129-135
通过对陇中黄土丘陵区不同土地利用类型下土壤水分的定期观测,用烘干法测定了5种土地利用类型的土壤水分,分析了土壤水分在植被生长季的变化。结果表明:土地利用类型对土壤水分的影响差异极显著(P<0.01),土壤含水量及储水量大小顺序为:荒草地>沙棘林地>农地>草地>油松林地;土地利用类型对土壤剖面水分的影响随土层的加深呈增大趋势,土壤剖面水分的变异系数随土层的加深呈减小趋势,并且其含水量变化存在季节差异。不同土地利用类型下土壤水分消耗量及补充量均有差异;土壤剖面储水量的盈亏状况为:农地没有亏缺,荒草地的亏缺量最小,油松林地在40cm以下土层均亏缺。因此,在该区的生态植被恢复过程中,应优先考虑草本和灌木植物,以利于土壤水环境及其永续利用。 相似文献
8.
黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕植被恢复地土壤水稳性团聚体的变化特征 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以黄土高原典型丘陵沟壑区—吴旗县为例,研究了退耕地不同植被恢复年限、不同植被类型和不同恢复方式下的土壤水稳性团聚体含量的变化。结果表明,>0.25mm土壤水稳性团聚体含量,在0～60cm土层随着退耕地恢复年限的延长而不断增加,乔木地相对较高,草地相对较低,灌木地介于两者之间。自然恢复方式>自然 人工恢复方式>人工恢复方式,坡耕地的团粒含量最低;在0～20cm土层,恢复前期土壤水稳性团聚体含量增幅较大,后期增幅较小,而40～60cm土层的变化规律则相反。对同一种植被类型,>5mm的土壤水稳性团聚体含量从0～20cm到40～60cm土层均呈下降趋势,并且在较浅土层灌木地的降幅相对较大,在较深土层乔木地的降幅相对较大。人为干预使得土壤水稳性团聚体从大粒径向小粒径转化,这种转化在较深土层表现的较明显。可见,在退耕地植被恢复中,具有较长恢复年限的乔木地,土壤的抗蚀性较强;自然 人工的恢复方式既缩短了植被恢复时间,也提高了土壤水稳性团聚体含量,从而改善了土壤结构。 相似文献
9.
10.
白苞猩猩草种子萌发特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
白苞猩猩草(Euphorbia heterophylla Linn.)对川滇两省干热河谷区的旱坡地果园水果生产和栽培粮食作物（如玉米、甘薯）生产已构成严重威胁。本文探讨了光、温、水等环境因子对白苞猩猩草种子萌发的影响。研究结果表明,白苞猩猩草种子最适萌发温度为25～30 ℃,在高温45 ℃或低温5 ℃时不能萌发;白苞猩猩草种子在土壤相对含水量≥10％时即可萌发,并在20％时萌发率达到最大值71.3％;种子破土能力弱,种子位于土壤表层0 cm时,出苗率高达80.7％,覆盖6 cm以上土层能有效遏制其出苗;12 h光暗交替有利于种子萌发;中性或偏酸性、低盐度（0.02 mol/L NaCl）环境有利于种子萌发。本研究将为白苞猩猩草综合治理提供科学依据和途径。 相似文献
11.
CHEN Yanfeng 《干旱区科学》2019,11(6):916-927
Seed germination is a key transitional stage in plant life cycle and is strongly regulated by temperature and light. Therefore, research on the effects of temperature and light on seed germination is extremely meaningful for vegetation restoration, especially in desert ecosystems. Seeds of 28 ephemeral plants collected from the Gurbantunggut Desert of China were incubated at different temperatures (5°C/1°C, 15°C/5°C, 20°C/5°C, 25°C/10°C and 30°C/15°C) in 12-h light/12-h darkness or continuous darkness regimes, and the responses of seed germination to temperature and light and the germination speed were studied in 2016. Results showed that seed germination percentage of the 28 ephemeral plants significantly differed to temperature and light. We classified the studied plants as the following groups based on their responses to temperature: 1 low temperature responsed plants, 12 moderate temperature responsed plants, 7 high temperature responsed plants, 4 non-responsed plants and 5 plants of no germination. It should be noted that Corispermum lehmannianum Bunge is sensitive to both moderate and high temperatures. There were 4 groups of plant in response to light, i.e., 7 light responsed plants, 10 dark responsed plants, 6 light non-responsed plants and 5 plants of no germination. Based on seed germination speed of the 28 ephemeral plants, we divided them into 4 patterns of germination, i.e., very rapid, moderately rapid, moderate and slow. Combining variations of temperature, precipitation and sand dune types in the study area, we suggested that very rapid and moderately rapid germinated plants could be used to moving sand dunes in early spring during vegetation restoration, moderate germinated plants could be used to semi-fixed sand dunes in late autumn, and slow germinated plants could be used to sand plain in summer. Thus, seedling establishment and vegetation restoration would be improved by considering seed germination characteristics of these ephemeral plants in the Gurbantunggut Desert, China. 相似文献
12.
Understanding variability in seed germination among populations is essential for planning an effective germplasm collection for restoration and conservation purposes.The knowledge of germination and dormancy patterns among populations of desert grasses is crucial for determining the potential of the species and populations to be used for restoration and conservation as well as forage production.Variability in seed germination of Panicum turgidum Forssk and Pennisetum divisum(Gmel.)Henr.in the desert of Kuwait was evaluated in different populations in May 2017.Experiment of seed germination(25 seeds and 4 replicates)was conducted for each population at night/day temperatures of 15℃/20℃and 20℃/30℃under the following light condition:continuous darkness or 12 h/12 h light/dark.Results showed that seed masses of both species strongly varied according to their seed provenances,and both species produced heavier seeds in population with a higher soil electrical conductivity.Seed germination percentage considerably varied between two species,and the variation in P.turgidum was greater(17%–49%)than that of P.divisum(72%–93%).Germination percentage in P.turgidum was greater at high temperature(20℃/30℃)than at low temperature(15℃/20℃).However,temperature regimes had no effect on germination percentage of P.divisum seeds.Mean germination time of both species exhibited significant inter-population variability.This result is especially relevant to assure the selection of the best population of each species and the regeneration success of the species.Besides this,inter-population variability also provides valuable information for enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate seed germination and how they might be related to seed provenance. 相似文献
13.
Understanding the effects of vegetation cover on seedling survival is helpful for promoting vegetation restoration in environmentally fragile zones. This study was conducted in the desertified, moving sand dunes of Horqin Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia, northeastern China. We hyphothesized that(1) seed density(i.e., number/m2) increases as vegetation cover increases, and(2) there will be more surviving seedlings in locations with higher vegetation covers. Total vegetation cover and initial densities of seeds, germinated seeds and surviving seedlings of Ulmus pumilia were evaluated under various vegetation covers in trying to clarify the effects of vegetation cover on the early stages of the plant life history. In agreement with the first hypothesis, initial seed densities were greater(P<0.05) under higher vegetation covers. The relationship between vegetation cover and initial seed density was represented by a quadratic regression, where a threshold occurred with a vegetation cover of 36%(P<0.05). The higher total vegetation covers, however, did not result in increased densities of germinated seeds(P>0.05), which on average represented 16.7% of initial seed densities. Even more, three months after the study initiation, total vegetation covers were similar(P>0.05) at all positions in the dunes, and they determined a similar number(P>0.05) of surviving seedlings at those positions(i.e. the second hypothesis had to be rejected). The mean number of seed- lings that survived at all positions was only 4.5% of germinated seeds. The number of surviving elm seedlings(0 to 1.7 seedlings/m2) under various vegetations covers(12.2% to 20.8%) at all dune positions by late summer would most likely not contribute to vegetation restoration in the study area. 相似文献
14.
为明确入侵植物黄花刺茄对当地主栽经济作物番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,本文采用培养皿滤纸法,在智能光照培养箱的变温控制条件下,分别研究了黄花刺茄根、茎、叶浸提液对番茄种子发芽率、发芽指数及幼苗根长和苗高的影响。结果表明:(1)黄花刺茄不同器官的浸提液对番茄种子发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗根长和苗高的影响不同,其茎、叶浸提液的化感作用较为显著(P<0.01)。(2)黄花刺茄同部位浸提液对番茄种子发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗根长和苗高不同指标的影响也不同。根浸提液对种子发芽率、幼苗根长影响不显著(P>0.05),但对种子发芽指数的影响极显著(P<0.01)。茎和叶浸提液各浓度对种子发芽指数的影响比种子发芽率、幼苗根长和苗高的影响显著(P<0.01)。 相似文献
15.
Anlifeire ANNIWAER 《干旱区科学》2020,12(5):775-790
Seed germination profoundly impacts plant community composition within the plant life cycle. Snow is an important source of water for seed germination in the temperate deserts of Central Asia. Understanding how seed germination responds to variations in snow cover in relation to seed traits and plant ecological characteristics can help predict plant community sustainability and stability in Central Asia under a scenario climate change. This study investigated the seed germination of 35 plant species common to the Gurbantunggut Desert in Central Asia under the three snow treatments: (1) snow addition; (2) ambient snow; and (3) snow removal. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were performed to assess interactions among the impacts of snow treatments, seed traits and plant ecological characteristics on seed germination. Phylogenetic generalized least-squares (PGLS) model was used to test the relationships between seed traits and seed germination. The results demonstrated that snow variations had no significant impacts on seed germination overall. Seed germination under the snow addition treatment was similar with that under the ambient snow treatment, irrespective of seed traits and plant ecological characteristics. Snow removal only had negative impacts on seed germination for certain groups of seed traits and plant ecological characteristics. Seed mass positively affected seed germination, showing a linear increase of arcsin square root-transformed seed germination with log-transformed seed mass. Seed shape also profoundly impacted seed germination, with a higher germination percentage for elongated and flat seeds. Seed germination differed under different plant life forms, with semi-shrub species showing a significantly higher germination percentage. Most importantly, although snow treatments, seed traits and plant ecological characteristics had no interactive effects on seed germination overall, some negative impacts from the snow removal treatment were detected when seeds were categorized on the basis of seed mass and shape. This result suggests that variations of snow cover may change plant community composition in this temperate desert due to their impacts on seed germination. 相似文献
16.
土壤种子库的研究方法综述 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
主要从取样方法、取样时间和种类鉴定等方面对土壤种子库研究方法进行综述,重点介绍了种子萌发法,并且提出了要采取长期定位观测的方法对土壤种子库的长期完整动态进行较系统的研究,而且最好在种子库长期的定位研究中搞清楚研究区内植物种的物种特性并且建立一个幼苗标本库,以增加土壤种子库研究的准确性。 相似文献
17.
研究不周浓度盐溶液(NaCl、MgSO4、盐渍土壤)和PEG模拟干旱胁迫对沙米种子吸胀、萌发和幼苗生长的影响,并观察胁迫解除后种子的反应.结果表明:随着NaCl、MgSO4和PEG浓度的升高,沙米种子吸胀率先升后降,种子萌发率呈现不同程度降低,盐渍土壤溶液对萌发率没有显著影响;对沙米种子萌发和幼苗生长的胁迫效应是NaC... 相似文献
18.
干旱区矿业废弃地生态修复植物的科学选择是生态治理的前提。文中以干旱区生态恢复的优势植物柠条(Caragana korshinskii Kom)为研究对象,研究了Ni2+、Cu2+在不同浓度条件下对其种子萌发特征的影响,以期为矿业废弃地及重金属污染土壤的生态修复提供科学依据。结果表明:在Ni2+或Cu2+胁迫条件下,柠条种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数及活力指数都有不同的响应特征,低浓度时对种子萌发影响不明显,甚至有促进作用,当Ni2+浓度为20mg/L或Cu2+浓度为50mg/L时柠条种子的萌发较快,发芽率相对较高,且有利于干物质的积累;高浓度时则有较强的抑制作用,其中Ni2+的抑制作用要高于Cu2+;Ni2+和Cu2+对胚根的生长均具有抑制作用并随着浓度的升高而逐渐增强。 相似文献
19.
Fengqin JIA 《干旱区科学》2017,9(3):355-367
Understanding the characteristics of soil seed banks in sand dunes is crucial to stabilize the dune systems and maintain the plant populations in deserts. In this study, we conducted a survey investigation in the field and a seed germination experiment in the laboratory to explore the characteristics of soil seed banks at various geomorphic positions of longitudinal sand dunes in the Gurbantunggut Desert, China. Totally, 17 plant species belonging to 17 genera and 9 families were identified in soil seed banks, and 35 plant species belonging to 34 genera and 17 families were identified in aboveground vegetation. Plant species richness in soil seed banks decreased with increasing soil depth. The highest species richness was presented in the upper slope of the windward slope and the lowest species richness was presented in the base of the windward slope. There was no significant difference in seed density of soil seed banks among the examined seven geomorphic positions. The highest seed density occurred in the lower slope of the leeward slope while the lowest occurred in the crest. Moreover, seed density decreased with increasing soil depth, being the highest in the upper soil layer(0–2 cm). For both soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation, there was no significant difference in Simpson's diversity index among the seven geomorphic positions; however, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou's evenness index showed significant differences among the seven geomorphic positions. Those results showed that although there was no significant difference in seed density of soil seed banks among the seven geomorphic positions, the geomorphic positions significantly affected the species richness, diversity and distribution of soil seed banks. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of soil seed banks at different geomorphic positions of sand dunes is essential to vegetation restoration or reestablishment. Furthermore, the Jaccard's similarity coefficients of plant species between soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation at the seven geomorphic positions were low, suggesting that vegetation restoration or reestablishment processes should be promoted through adding seeds to surface layers. 相似文献
20.
3种不同种子处理方法对水稻发芽及幼苗素质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
室内采用滤纸法,研究种子包衣后浸种、浸种后种子包衣和催芽后种子包衣3种不同的处理方式对稻花香、天优华占和保丰3个水稻品种发芽率及幼苗素质的影响.结果显示：在所测试的浓度范围内,分别采用3种不同的处理方式,每个水稻品种的发芽率均随着噻虫嗪·苯醚甲环唑23％悬浮种衣剂用量的增加而增加.且随着悬浮种衣剂用量的增加水稻病苗率降低;同一用量条件下,3个水稻品种发芽率由高到低依次为：催芽后种子包衣＞种子包衣后浸种＞浸种后种子包衣.病斑率由小到大依次为：催芽后种子包衣＞种子包衣后浸种＞浸种后种子包衣.这表明噻虫嗪·苯醚甲环唑23％悬浮种衣剂可以明显抑制水稻种子携带的病原菌;随着种衣剂用量的增加水稻幼苗的根数、主根长和株高增加.对天优华占、稻花香和保丰3个水稻品种幼苗素质影响由大到小依次为：催芽后种子包衣＞种子包衣后浸种＞浸种后种子包衣.这表明：水稻种子处理方法对水稻幼苗素质有一定的影响. 相似文献