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恩诺沙星及其代谢物环丙沙星在猪粪便及尿液中的排泄研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
给猪连续3d饲喂含无味恩诺沙星的饲料后，对其排泄的粪便和尿液进行了药物含量测定结果表明，粪便和尿液中恩诺沙星及其代谢产物环丙沙星的排泄量都比较高，粪便中排泄的药物浓度显著高于尿液中药物排泄的浓度，停止给药后第15天，在猪粪中可检测到恩诺沙星，停止给药后第10天，猪尿液中可检测到环丙沙星。 相似文献
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为研究庆大霉素在羊体内代谢和残留消除规律,以4 mg/kg肌肉注射硫酸庆大霉素注射液,每日2次,代谢研究连续注射2.5 d,残留消除研究连续注射3 d。按动物试验要求采集肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、脂肪、血液、尿液和粪便,UPLC-MS/MS法测定样品中庆大霉素的残留量。结果显示,庆大霉素在羊体内1 h可到血药峰浓度,尿液中的排泄总量占注射总量的80%左右,粪便中不足0.1%;在肝脏、肾脏、尿液中原型药总量占注射总量90%以上,证明庆大霉素在羊体内不代谢,原型药随尿液排出体外;庆大霉素在肾脏中残留浓度最高且消除时间长,确定肾脏是庆大霉素在羊体内的靶组织,庆大霉素原型药为残留标示物。研究结果可为庆大霉素的安全使用以及正确制订其在羊组织中的最高残留限量标准提供科学依据和建议。 相似文献
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为探讨萱草(Hemerocallis)根中是否存在产生萱草根素的内生真菌,从北萱草(H.esculenta)根中分离得到4株内生真菌,在马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA)上培养20 d后收集菌丝,应用薄层色谱法和紫外分光光度法分别检测菌丝提取液中的萱草根素,筛选可产生萱草根素的内生真菌。结果表明:菌株XC-1A为产萱草根素内生真菌,含量达359.88 μg·g-1,根据形态学观察和5.8S rDNA-ITS序列分析结果,确定XC-1A为Zalerion varium。北萱草中存在可产生萱草根素的内生真菌。 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2016,(2):185-190
通过筛选牛蛙皮肤cDNA文库得到牛蛙凝集素Catesbeianalectin,相对分子质量仅为1 465.8,是目前已知的相对分子质量最小的凝集素,且具有很强的凝集红细胞及病原细菌作用。利用CD检测牛蛙凝集素的二级结构为典型的PPⅡ螺旋。为了探究牛蛙凝集素Catesbeianalectin的体内组织靶向性分布规律,对其进行了放射性同位素125I标记,通过尾静脉注射、腹腔注射及灌胃3种方式给药,并于随后进行既定时间点动态显像、采血及各组织中放射性强度的测量。同位素标记Catesbeianalectin的标记率为97.3%,放化纯度为99.3%,在体外和体内模拟试验中具有良好的稳定性和理想的体内分布特征。采用尾静脉注射125I-Catesbeianalectin时,肝脏、脾脏和肺脏中放射性凝集量最高,且主要通过肝脏代谢;采用灌胃及腹腔注射125I-Catesbeianalectin时,胃及脾脏中放射性凝集量最高且,主要通过胃代谢;3种途径给予125I-Catesbeianalectin后,均不能通过血脑屏障,静脉注射是该药物较好的给药途径,为进一步研究牛蛙凝集素Catesbeianalectin的靶向载体作用提供基础。 相似文献
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旨在确定盐酸多西环素片按照给药说明给药后在羔羊体内的残留消除规律及休药期。将盐酸多西环素片根据体重以5 mg·kg-1内服给药，间隔24 h，连续给药5次。在最后1次给药后，分别在第0（12小时）、1、2、3、5、7和9天时间点采集羔羊脂肪、肌肉、肝和肾，采用建立并验证的HPLC-VWD方法测定组织中多西环素的含量。结果显示：方法学考察结果表明，在50~5 000 ng·mL-1添加的线性方程和相关系数为y=0.044x-0.414，R2=0.999。试验结果表明，多西环素在羔羊组织中代谢快速，最后1次给药后第9天，在肌肉、肝、肾和脂肪中均未检测到多西环素。本试验以5 mg·kg-1体重内服给予羔羊盐酸多西环素片后，根据欧洲药品评估机构法规《EMEA/CVMP/036/95》，建议盐酸多西环素片在羔羊组织中的休药期为2 d。 相似文献
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为了预测肉鸡连续肌内注射氟苯尼考后各组织中药物的残留浓度,利用文献检索获得的肉鸡生理学和解剖学参数及氟苯尼考在各组织中的组织-血浆分配系数,建立了一个包含13个模块的血流限速型生理药动学模型。模型中包含了氟苯尼考自注射部位的吸收、从肾脏的排泄、在肝脏的代谢及肝肠循环模块。研究利用该模型成功预测了肉鸡连续5次肌内注射氟苯尼考(30 mg/kg·d)后各组织中氟苯尼考的残留浓度。结果表明:多次肌内注射后,氟苯尼考在肉鸡体内吸收迅速、分布广泛、消除缓慢,且在注射部位浓度最高,消除最慢。 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2017,(4)
基因工程鲎素体外抑菌活性良好,为进一步评价其在体内抑菌活性和治疗效果,本研究建立了金黄色葡萄球菌小鼠肺部和腹腔感染模型,探讨了基因工程鲎素对2种感染模型小鼠的治疗效果。比较基因工程鲎素治疗前后,不同模型小鼠的存活率、血液以及组织中的细菌载量变化;比较治疗前后小鼠肺部感染动物模型的病理学变化。结果表明,与对照组相比,基因工程鲎素治疗后肺部感染模型小鼠存活率升高40%,腹腔感染模型小鼠存活率升高60%,治疗后腹腔感染小鼠血液中的细菌载量下降10~4倍;病理学分析结果表明,基因工程鲎素治疗后小鼠肺脏的炎症反应较轻,肺部组织结构被破坏程度较轻。综上所述基因工程鲎素对金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠的体内治疗效果明显,显著提高了小鼠存活率,抑制了细菌的扩散,减轻了病理炎症变化,初步表明基因工程鲎素具有良好的抗感染药物研发前景。 相似文献
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D E Freeman P L Ferrante D S Kronfeld W Chalupa 《American journal of veterinary research》1989,50(9):1609-1612
A D-xylose absorption test was conducted on 4 healthy mares deprived of food for 12, 36, 72, and 96 hours before the test, with a 13- to 15-day adjustment period between each test. Maximal plasma concentrations after 72 and 96 hours of food deprivation were approximately 36% lower than those obtained after the 12- and 36-hour periods (P = 0.0001). Absorption curves were flatter and the decrease in plasma concentration was slower after the 72- and 96-hour periods of food deprivation. The rate of D-xylose absorption (P = 0.0108) and the initial rate of urinary excretion (P = 0.0117) were slower at 72 and 96 hours. Gastric emptying appeared to be progressively delayed with food deprivation, as evident by the delay in peak D-xylose excretion in urine (P = 0.0268). Areas under the plasma concentration-time curves and quantitites of D-xylose excreted in urine were similar for all periods of food deprivation, evidence that the same amounts of D-xylose were absorbed, despite changes in the plasma curve. A 15-hour collection period was sufficient to recover all D-xylose excreted in the urine, and during all periods 9.8 +/- 0.6% (mean +/- SEM) of the oral dose was eliminated in the urine. 相似文献
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Two Holstein heifers and a steer fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used to determine acid-base and electrolyte changes associated with metabolic alkalosis induced by duodenal obstruction. Obstruction was induced distally to the pylorus, but proximally to the common bile duct entrance. Ruminal fluid, blood, and urine samples were obtained before and after obstruction was induced. Duodenal obstruction resulted in increased blood pH, bicarbonate concentration, and base-excess values. Severe hypochloremia and hypokalemia were evident in 48 hours. Serum sodium concentration decreased only slightly. Packed cell volume and serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, and inorganic phosphate increased, whereas calcium concentration showed no change. Renal chloride excretion reached near zero in 24 hours, whereas sodium and potassium excretions decreased in the steer, but were unchanged in the heifers. Urine creatinine concentration increased markedly in the heifers and steers. Acid urine was not evident up to 96 hours. Ruminal fluid pH decreased and chloride concentration increased in the steer, but remained unaffected in the heifers. Duodenal obstruction had no effect on rumen sodium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations, but the potassium concentration increased in the heifers. The degrees of alkalosis and electrolyte changes were greater in the steer than in the heifers. 相似文献
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Black WD Claxton MJ 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1982,23(9):276-278
Neomycin sulfate was injected intramuscularly in calves. Blood and tissue samples were taken at zero, one, two, four, six, eight and 24 hours after administration. The tissues with high levels (greater than 10 μg/g) of drug at the one hour period were kidney cortex and medulla, urine, blood serum and the injection site. By 24 hours after administration only the kidney cortex and urine had high levels of neomycin. The drug could not be detected in any brain tissues and very small amounts (less than 1 μg/g) were present in the bile, thymus and vitreous humor. Levels greater than 5 μg/g were present in lung tissues for less than four hours but were greater than 2 μg/g for more than 24 hours.
The mean level in the injection site was greater than 700 μg/g at one hour but only trace amounts were found at 24 hours.
On the basis of the tissue drug concentration intramuscularly administered neomycin was suggested as therapeutically useful for respiratory and urinary tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria.
相似文献14.
The pharmacokinetics, metabolism, excretion and tissue residues of phenylbutazone (PBZ) in the horse were studied following both intravenous and oral administration of the drug at a dose rate of 4.4 mg/kg. A 72-hour blood sampling schedule failed to demonstrate a third exponential phase; the plasma disposition following intravenous injection being described by a two compartment open model, with the following elimination phase parameters: beta = 0.13h-1, t1/2 beta = 5.46h, Vdarea = 0.141 1/kg and C1B = 17.9 ml/kg/h. The hydroxylated metabolites oxyphenbutazone (OPBZ) and gamma-hydroxyphenylbutazone (OHPBZ) were present in detectable concentrations in plasma for 72 and 24 h, respectively. After 36 h OPBZ concentrations exceeded plasma PBZ concentrations. In urine the principal metabolites were OPBZ and OHPBZ but smaller concentrations of another compound, probably gamma-hydroxyoxyphenbutazone (OHOPBZ), were also detected. The percentages of the administered dose recovered from urine were 30.7, 39.0 and 40.3 after 24, 48 and 72 h from the time of injection. Recovery of PBZ and its metabolites from urine was significantly reduced in the first 24 h after oral dosing when the horses had free access to hay, probably as a result of markedly delayed absorption, but this did not occur in animals deprived of food for a few hours before and after dosing. Determination of approximate values of urine/plasma (U/P) concentration ratios for PBZ and its metabolites relative to endogenous creatinine U/P concentration ratio suggested that PBZ was filtered in small amounts only because of the high degree of plasma protein binding and then excreted by diffusion trapping in the alkaline urine. Much higher U/P ratios were obtained for the hydroxylated derivatives, and one at least (OHPBZ) was secreted into urine. 相似文献
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The absorption, metabolism and urinary excretion of phenylbutazone were investigated in six adult cattle in a cross-over study involving administration intravenously, intramuscularly and orally at a dose rate of 4.4 mg kg-1. Following intravenous injection plasma disposition was described by a three compartment open model with mean elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) and clearance (ClB) values of 35.9 hours and 2.77 ml kg-1 h-1, respectively. Somewhat longer t1/2 beta values were obtained after oral and intramuscular dosing and these may have resulted from sequestration within and slow absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and continual uptake from intramuscular sites following precipitation as a depot. Absorption was more complete after intramuscular than after oral dosing; area under curve values were almost twice as high for the intramuscular route. Double peaks in the plasma concentration time curves after oral dosing were recorded in some cows. These may have resulted from drug adsorption on to and subsequent desorption from hay or as a consequence of enterohepatic shunting. There was no evidence for opening of the oesophageal groove and direct passage of the drug into the abomasum. Two hydroxylated metabolites of phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone and gamma-hydroxyphenylbutazone were detected in trace amounts in plasma for 72 hours and in much higher concentrations in urine for 168 hours. Approximate urine:plasma (U/P) concentration ratios for the metabolites approached and occasionally exceeded the U/P ratio for endogenous creatinine, indicating poor reabsorption and, possibly, tubular secretion. Cumulative urinary excretion data indicated that the hydroxylated derivatives of phenylbutazone are probably formed more slowly in cattle than in horses. 相似文献
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Tissue samples were taken from pregnant ewes and their 3-month fetuses 96 hours after intraruminal dosing of the ewes with tritiated choline. Starting 5 months before mating, one group of ewes had been given a manganese (Mn)-deficient ration and a second group had been given a Mn-supplemented (normal) ration. The results indicate that Mn depletion decreased the overall uptake of choline; the radioactivity of all tissues from the Mn-depleted group was lower than the radioactivity of the corresponding tissues from the group given a Mn-supplemented (normal) ration. The radioactivity of fetal tissues was also lower in the Mn-deficient group than it was in the Mn-supplemented group. Lower radioactivity concentrations were also observed in the whole plasma (sampled at various times after radioisotope dosing) and its lipid extract of Mn-depleted ewes than in the plasma and its lipid extract of Mn-supplemented ewes. There was no significant difference in the fatty acid composition of hepatic phosphatidyl choline between the two groups. However, the proportions of linoleic, stearic, and arachidonic acids were lower in fetal hepatic phosphatidyl choline than in maternal hepatic phosphatidyl choline. 相似文献
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N S Haddad W M Pedersoli R L Carson W R Ravis 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(7):1597-1601
Healthy mature cows (n = 6) were injected intrauterinally (IU) with gentamicin (50 ml of a 5% injectable solution) daily for 3 consecutive days. Venous blood and milk samples were collected at postinjection (initial) hours (PIH) 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 28, 31, 34, 37, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60, and 71, and endometrial biopsies were performed at PIH 6, 25, 48, 73, 95, and 119. Skeletal muscle biopsy samples were taken at PIH 25 and 73, and urine was collected every 1 or 2 hours during 12 consecutive hours after the first IU injection. Serum, milk, urine, and tissue concentrations of gentamicin were measured by radioimmunoassay. The highest mean serum concentration of gentamicin occurred during the 3 hours after each injection (2.49 +/- 1.46, 6.60 +/- 5.47, and 4.98 +/- 2.70 micrograms/ml). The mean peak concentration of gentamicin in milk occurred 3 to 6 hours after each injection. Mean peak urine concentration of gentamicin (256.8 +/- 127.9 micrograms/ml) was measured at PIH 6. The mean percentage of the first dose of gentamicin excreted in the urine within 12 hours was 14.78 +/- 3.56. The highest concentration of gentamicin in endometrial tissue (639.16 +/- 307.22 micrograms/g) was measured at PIH 6, decreasing to 9.64 +/- 3.55 micrograms/g before the next IU dose. Gentamicin was still detectable in endometrial tissue (0.86 +/- 0.43 microgram/g) 71 hours after the 3rd (last) IU injection. 相似文献
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Soma LR Uboh CE Guan F Birks EK Teleis DC Rudy JA Tsang DS Watson AO 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(4):483-489
OBJECTIVE: To determine pharmacokinetics and excretion of phenytoin in horses. ANIMALS: 6 adult horses. PROCEDURE: Using a crossover design, phenytoin was administered (8.8 mg/kg of body weight, IV and PO) to 6 horses to determine bioavailability (F). Phenytoin also was administered orally twice daily for 5 days to those same 6 horses to determine steady-state concentrations and excretion patterns. Blood and urine samples were collected for analysis. RESULTS: Mean (+/- SD) elimination half-life following a single IV or PO administration was 12.6+/-2.8 and 13.9+/-6.3 hours, respectively, and was 11.2+/-4.0 hours following twice-daily administration for 5 days. Values for F ranged from 14.5 to 84.7%. Mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) following single oral administration was 1.8+/-0.68 microg/ml. Steady-state plasma concentrations following twice-daily administration for 5 days was 4.0+/-1.8 microg/ml. Of the 12.0+/-5.4% of the drug excreted during the 36-hour collection period, 0.78+/-0.39% was the parent drug phenytoin, and 11.2+/-5.3% was 5-(phydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (p-HPPH). Following twice-daily administration for 5 days, phenytoin was quantified in plasma and urine for up to 72 and 96 hours, respectively, and p-HPPH was quantified in urine for up to 144 hours after administration. This excretion pattern was not consistent in all horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Variability in F, terminal elimination-phase half-life, and Cmax following single or multiple oral administration of phenytoin was considerable. This variability makes it difficult to predict plasma concentrations in horses after phenytoin administration. 相似文献
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目的:为探讨环境激素对鳞翅目昆虫组织的影响及其利用途径,研究了壬基酚(NP)对家蚕造血器官和翅原基的影响。方法: TC-100培养基中添加对壬基酚(NP),悬滴培养方法体外培养家蚕5～3d幼虫造血器官和翅原基。结果:0．016mmol/L的NP,造血器官和翅原基的发育变慢,造血器官分泌血球数量减少、分泌时间延迟;NP达0．032mmol/L,培养144h内部分组织发黑死亡、无血球分泌;0．128mmol/L的NP,96h后大部分组织萎缩死亡,培养144h无血球分泌。结论:家蚕幼虫造血器官接触NP后,首先影响血球分泌功能,进一步导致造血器官萎缩死亡,对翅原基的不良影响也导致器官萎缩死亡。NP对造血器官和翅原基的影响都有明显的浓度效应。 相似文献
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The Response of Colostrum-Deprived, Specific Pathögen-Free Pigs to Experimental Infection with Teschen Disease Virus 
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下载免费PDF全文 A. H. Dardiri H. R. Seibold P. D. DeLay 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1966,30(3):71-75,76-81
The clinical response to Teschen disease and the excretion and rate of virus distribution in tissues of colostrum-deprived, specific pathogenfree pigs was determined. Severe, mild, and clinically inapparent responses to the disease were noticed following simultaneous intracranial and intranasal infections. Fourteen-day-old pigs reacted more severely to infection than 21-day-old pigs. The virus was detected in feces 2-3 days following infection but not in stools of surviving pigs 30 days after infection. The highest concentration of virus occurred during the incubation period and before onset of paralysis; the lowest concentrations were found during terminal disease stages. In tissues collected before or immediately after death of pigs, Teschen disease virus was found in several visceral organs but not in blood, urine or urinary bladder tissue. Virus yield was highest in brain and spinal cord tissues. Highest virus concentration was found in the cervical thoracic portions of the spinal cord, thalamus and cerebellum. Other aspects of the clinical disease are discussed. 相似文献