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1.
The aim of this study is to chronicle the utilization pattern of a number of plant species by four major tribes inhabiting in Koraput district of Odisha, India. Fifteen villages dominated by tribal communities, under five Community Development Blocks were selected. A semi structured questionnaire was developed to bring together data on traditional crops and forest species still used by the communities. The methodology engaged was personal discussions with mixed focused groups combined with field visits, photographs, voice recordings and collection of materials. Findings were that tribal communities cultivate a diverse crop species with varying durations to meet their food and economic requirement throughout the year. This was supplemented by wild food collections during scarcity periods. Various forest species provide wood, fibre, leaves and grasses for agriculture, house construction and specific uses besides enhancing household income. Tribal health care practitioners collect medicinal plants from the wild and semi wild to treat both humans and livestock. At the end of the study the team assumed that tribal communities would continue to depend on traditional crops and wild forest foods for their household consumption and a diverse species of plants for other specific use. Conservation of these valuable resources in its natural habitat would be an appropriate approach for ensuring food security of future generations. Conventional plant breeders and biotechnologists should undertake scientific validation of these crops and plants to make their value explicitly known. This knowledge could be utilized for crop improvement and bio-prospecting. There is also scope for equitable sharing of benefits if used by the seed and pharmaceutical industries in future.  相似文献   

2.
Zingiberaceae forms an important group of plant family with considerable economic potential. The present study was carried out to survey, identify and document the uses of various species belonging to zingiberaceae family in the different subdivisions of Tamenglong district, Manipur. The information on ethnobotanical uses of important species was collected by oral interview with local villagers, elders and those people having medicinal knowledge and through local markets survey. A total of 34 species of economically important Zingiberaceous plants were found to be used as vegetables, spices and condiments, edible fruits, dyes, wrapper, ornaments and as medicines by the local people for curing different ailments and diseases. The findings support the need to encourage domestication, cultivation and to take up conservation measures of these economically important species to ensure food security and bring benefit to humankind in many ways.  相似文献   

3.
Crop wild relatives (CWR) have recently received significant attention due to their value as plant genetic resources and their contribution to world food security. We present a prioritized checklist of CWR in Spain in which the criteria of crossability with crops of economic importance, endemicity and threat status have been taken into account. First, we selected a list of genera corresponding to the most relevant crops for Spain and at the international level. These crops were classified into use categories (Food, Forage & Fodder, Ornamental, and Industrial & Other uses) depending on their main use. The wild plant species native to Spain belonging to these genera were then listed. After evaluation by national experts in plant breeding, the resulting checklist contained 929 species. Further selection based on crossability, endemicity and threat status led to the generation of the Prioritized Spanish Checklist of crop wild relatives containing 578 species. Thirty-two percent of these species belong to the Forage & Fodder use category, 28% to the Ornamental category, 24% to the Food category and 16% to the Industrial & Other uses category. Thirty-five percent of the prioritized species are endemic to Spain, and over one-fourth are classified under some category of threat according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Endemicity and threat status rates in the Prioritized Spanish Checklist of CWR were higher than those found in the prioritized CWR inventories of other countries. A ex situ assessment reporting number of accessions showed that 70% of the prioritized Spanish CWR have accessions preserved in genebanks.  相似文献   

4.
An ethnobotanical survey of the Gollak region, Kosovo   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
An ethnobotanical field study focused on traditional uses of medicinal plants, wild food plants, and mushrooms was conducted in 37 villages in the Gollak region of eastern Kosovo. Interviews with 66 elderly informants were conducted using standard ethnobotanical methods. The uses of 92 vascular plants and 6 mushrooms species belonging to 47 different families were recorded. Mainly infusions and decoctions were quoted as folk medicinal preparations and the most commonly quoted plant medicinal uses referred to diseases of the respiratory system, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Comparison of the collected data with the ethnobotanical findings of previously conducted studies in the surrounding Western Balkan areas showed that, even if more than the half of Gollak’s wild botanical genera quoted as medicines used are the same in Serbia and in Northern Albania, commonalities between the actual medicinal plant applications recorded in the present study and those reported for the other areas are extremely scarce. This may confirm the richness of the bio-cultural heritage of the Western Balkan region and the urgent need to conduct cross-cultural comparative field ethnobiological studies.  相似文献   

5.
World over the traditional knowledge has always formed the foundation for development of modern medicines as a result of scientific follow up of the traditional knowledge. Andaman archipelago represents one of the greatest emporia of ethno botanical wealth in India where aboriginal native tribes of ancient culture remain in their virginity and possess abundant ethnic knowledge. The Jarawas of Andaman Island are one such primitive and dwindling community. Jarawas inhabit the Jarawa Reserve located along the western parts of the South and Middle Andamans. A brief account of anthropology of the tribe is given. Results of ethnobotanical studies of Jarawa tribe have been enumerated which revealed interesting plants which can be further prioritized for scientific evaluation and Bioprospection for product development. The species like Alpinia manii, Amomum aculeatum, belonging to Zingiberaceae and Pseuduvaria prainii, Orophea katschallica of Annonaceae are shown to have effective insect and bee repellent properties. Such leads should be subjected to further scientific scrutiny for development of global level products having mosquito and other disease causing insect repellent properties. While this achieves the human welfare aspects, at the same time boosts the economy of the region. The Jarawas possess extensive knowledge of the plants of the surrounding forests and use them in their daily life for food, medicine, shelter, fibres, ornaments, bows and arrows and for many other needs. Such plants are enumerated with correct botanical names, family, Jarawa names, plant parts used along with details of use.  相似文献   

6.

Due to global change and the migration crisis both needing rapid attention, there has been growing debate about the drivers of change in the diet of migrants. Our study aimed to evaluate the consequences of forced resettlement on local ecological knowledge related to wild food plants among forcefully resettled Yaghnobi people in Tajikistan. We conducted 49 semi-structured in-depth interviews and recorded 27 wild food taxa and five unidentified folk taxa used by Yaghnobis and Tajiks in the villages surrounding Yaghnob Valley (including families ressetteled from Yaghnob Valley) in central Tajikitsan. The comparision between the two considered groups showed a high level of Tajikisation among Yaghnobis, both those who live alongside Tajiks as well as those living separately. The few families that still have distinct Yaghnobi plant uses are the ones which were given the opportunity to choose the spot in which to relocate and still visit the Yaghnob Valley regularly. On the basis of our study, we suggest that affording a choice of where to relocate is better than no choice, as the loss of motivation also affects the use of wild food plants. Given the pressure of the possible relocation of many groups of people in the light of global change, we suggest focusing efforts on studying similar cases in order to minimize the damage caused to people by relocation. The trauma of forced relocation, even just a few kilometers away, directly or indirectly affects wild food plant use and with this the food security of the community.

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7.
A medico-ethnobotanical study was conducted among Albanians, Macedonians, and Gorani in forty-one villages located in the Sharr Mountains in western Macedonia. The survey was conducted by interviewing local people of each community about the medicinal plants and their uses and properties. Seventy-six mainly wild taxa were found to represent the remaining folk medical heritage of the area. The large majority of the recorded plants are used in form of teas, and mainly for minor dysfunctions of the respiratory system. Among the findings, the uncommon uses of Ballota nigra L. (leaves) tea as a digestive, Convolvulus arvensis L. (aerial parts) tea against hypertension, Chenopodium urbicum L. leaves (topically applied) for treating hemorrhoids, and Cornus sanguine L. (leaves and fruits) tea against stomachaches could be of interest for further phytopharmacological studies. A significant portion of study participants raised concerns regarding the possibility of over-exploitation of a few species due to collecting practices serving both local and outside (pharmaceutical) markets. Most of the uses reported by Macedonians and Gorani were also recorded among Albanians, while a significant portion of plants quoted by Orthodox Macedonians showed an idiosyncratic use. This may be explained by the fact that the Gorani lived very close to the Albanian communities in the study area over the last century, with marriages between the two communities being commonplace and facilitated by their shared (Muslim) faith.  相似文献   

8.
The North East India houses around 130 ethnic tribal communities which exhibits unique tradition, dialect and culture. These communities collect edible plants from wild forming a common practice for livelihood and subsistence even today. Of the varieties of plant consumed, ferns and fern–allies also constitute an important food supplement. An inventory survey was conducted in order to assess the wild edible ferns and fern–allies which are used as vegetables by various ethnic communities of North East India. Altogether, twenty-three (23) ferns and fern–allies are found to be edible, and used in preparing various cuisines. Four species viz. Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw., Huperzia phlegmaria (L.) Rothm., Huperzia squarrosa (G. Forst.) Trevis. and Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl were cultivated in small scale for consumption and horticultural purposes, while the rest of the species were directly harvested from wild habitat. Role of these ferns in local cuisines, other reported uses and bioactive components were discussed. The study also emphasises on future development of ferns and its allies as potential vegetables in North East India.  相似文献   

9.
Studies on wild edible fruits of Mizoram, India used as ethno-medicine   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
The traditional knowledge system has gained a prime importance in context with conservation, utilization and sustainable development of plant resources. The ethno-medicinal plants play a major role amongst the tribal and rural people in their traditional healthcare system. Considering the importance of ethno-medicines amongst the tribal people, a study was undertaken to enumerate the ethno-medicinal uses of wild edible fruits among the Mizo tribes of Aizawl district, Mizoram, India. The study was based on extensive field surveys, plant collection and the interviews with the traditional healers. Altogether 60 wild edible fruit species belonging to 35 families have been enumerated in this paper. The documented wild edible fruits are mostly used to cure gastrointestinal disorders, dermatological problems, respiratory problems, cardiovascular compliance, ENT diseases, mental problem, muscular illness, bone diseases, gynecological problem, cancers, snake bite, allergy and malaria. This indigenous system of treatment based on wild edible fruits is still an important part in Mizo social life and culture but this traditional knowledge of the local people has been transferred orally from generation to generation without proper documentation. Therefore, the claimed therapeutic values of the reported species are to be critically studied to establish their safety and effectiveness and to preserve these high valued wild edible fruits.  相似文献   

10.
Abstract

Yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia) plants originating from Andean highlands are known to accumulate a large amount of oligofructans in their tubers and tuberous roots (Ohyama et al. 1990; Asami et al. 1992). Asami et al. (1992) have reported that tubers and tuberous roots which were harvested in late fall contained about 57 and 66% respectively (on a dry matter basis) of oligofructans. However, the tubers, tuberous roots and shoots of the yacon contained only a small amount of starch and inulin. The tuberous roots of yacon which resemble those of sweet potato in appearance are usually eaten raw and are expected to become commercially valuable as a source of oligofructans.  相似文献   

11.
This paper analyzes the diversity, consumption and gathering patterns, and uses of wild edible plants among the tribal communities living in cold arid region of Indian Himalaya. Eco-geographically, extremely cold climate, open vegetation, strong afternoon winds and loose soils characterize the region. Wild edible plants have special significance in the livelihoods of tribal people particularly during harsh winters when nothing grows on field. We gathered information on 164 wild edible plant species belonging to 100 genera and 37 families sharing 14% of total plants species occurring here. Around 83% plant species were present in pure wild state while 17% were in semi wild state/cultivated occasionally. Wild plants are eaten more as vegetable and it was found that out of 101 plants used as vegetable, 57 are cooked and eaten and the rest (44) eaten raw. The species like Pinus gerardiana, Prunus armeniaca, Hippophae rhamnoides, Bunium persicum are harvested more for commerce in the downtown markets while Lepidium latifolium, Taraxacum officinale, Urtica hyperborea, Capparis spinosa, Fagopyrum tataricum, Malva verticillata, and Rhodiola heterodonta are preferred for their medicinal and nutritional properties locally. Infrastructure development, more tourists flow, agricultural intensification, more jobs and business opportunities have led to rapid changes in the life styles and food habits of the people. Consequently, the age-old tradition of gathering wild edible plants is fading particularly among younger generations. Nevertheless, people do realize the importance of wild edible plants, and therefore to harness the benefits of this unique diversity participatory management and conservation programs, investigations on nutritional and pharmacological attributes, and regulated market support for some important WEPs have taken up in the region.  相似文献   

12.
An ethnobotanical field study on the traditional uses of wild medicinal and food plants was conducted in three linguistically distinct mountainous communities located at the East End of the Occitan macro-area, in the Western Italian Alps. Interviews with a total of 81 mid-aged and elderly informants were undertaken using standard ethnobotanical methods. The uses of 92 vascular plants belonging to 40 different plant families were recorded. Comparison of the collected data with the ethnobotanical findings of previously conducted studies in other Occitan/Provençal valleys (specifically the Stura and Varaita valleys) has shown that nearly the half of the uses recorded in this study were not reported in other valleys, strongly suggesting a heterogeneous character to Occitan ethnobotany. The specific uses of certain wild plants as famine foods and medicines in this region are highlighted.  相似文献   

13.
Ethnobotanical survey was conducted in 101 randomly selected home gardens of Phong My commune, central Vietnam, situated in the buffer-zone of Natural Reserve. Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires and direct observation. Sixty-seven species belonging to 35 families were identified to be used for various purposes. For each species the botanical and vernacular names, plant parts used and main purposes of use are given. The major use categories reported for plant species were food (86%), medicine (32%) and firewood (32%), however, seventy-seven percent of all inventoried plants have multiple uses. The species Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Citrus grandis Osbeck, Citrus reticulata Blanco, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. and Musa spp. were identified as the main sources of plant foods consumed within the households. Statistical analyses indicated by Shannon-Wiener and Margalef indices have shown that local species diversity and richness is affected by home garden size. On the contrary, no relationship between diversity and home garden age was found. On the basis of a cluster analysis of plant species diversity, five home garden types were differentiated. In comparison to previously reported studies on tropical home gardens, the diversity in Phong My is lower, probably due to market-oriented strategy. Nevertheless, based on the results achieved, we can conclude that useful plants cultivated in local home gardens provide valuable foods complementing daily diet and subsequently contributing to socioeconomic status of the households.  相似文献   

14.
This ethnobotanical study aims to describe the domain of wild edible plants in Gorbeialdea (Biscay, Iberian Peninsula), and to assess the cultural importance of the different species and food categories. Field work was conducted between 2008 and 2010, interviewing 103 informants about the traditional use of wild plants for food. The edible use of 49 species was recorded, 45% of them gathered for their fruits. The most important species coincide with those registered in other regions in the north of the Iberian Peninsula (Prunus spinosa, Rubus ulmifolius, Castanea sativa, Fragaria vesca, Rumex acetosa, Vaccinium myrtillus and Arbutus unedo). However, the importance of some species and uses that had not been previously recorded as edible in the ethnobotanical literature of the Iberian Peninsula, highlights the singularity of the area. The consumption of the leaves of Fagus sylvatica, the seeds of Pinus radiata, and the shoots of Pteridium aquilinum are some examples of specific uses. The eating of the fruits of Quercus robur, and Q. ilex was common until some decades ago and is still remembered by the informants. However, the consumption of those fruits has now a social stigma, and as shown in this paper, it can be overlooked by a methodology only based on open interviews. The most important use-category was ‘fruits’, following the trend found in other northern regions of the Iberian and Italian Peninsulas. ‘Snack vegetables’ is also a relevant category, including 35% of the cited species, with a high diversity of chewed plants, mainly as hunger or thirst quenchers. On the contrary, there was a low valorization of condiments and elaborated vegetables.  相似文献   

15.
The collection and consumption of wild (including naturalized) and semi-domesticated (cultivated and reverted to wild status, and neglected cultivated plants for food) edible plants in the rural communities of the Arribes del Duero (western Spain), a highly heterogeneous Mediterranean agroecosystem, were analysed. Through semi-structured interviews with 80 informants, data on the gathering, preparation and consumption of 76 wild edible plant species were acquired. To analyze how traditional knowledge varies with the characteristics of the informants, we performed an ANCOVA. The “age” variable was found to have a significant effect. The most frequently cited species in the study area (i.e. Rubus ulmifolius, Foeniculum vulgare, Quercus ilex, Laurus nobilis, Origanum vulgare) are widely consumed in the Mediterranean region. Also, from a cluster analysis it was observed that the grouping succession this territory matches those of analysed areas of the Iberian southwest. Certain species have traditionally been consumed as an important supplement to the diet, particularly during food shortages (i.e. Rumex induratus, Chondrilla juncea). Several species are ethnobotanical novelties, among which are Erodium botrys and Astragalus pelecinus, whose immature fruits are eaten raw as a snack. Some ecological and cultural aspects of the gathering of wild plants for food are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Nutrient ranges for finished plant production exist for many plant species, however, ranges (recommended or survey) do not exist for unrooted cuttings. A tissue nutrient survey was conducted during 2004–2008 on 44 plant genera commercially produced as unrooted cuttings. The objectives of this survey were to compare mean tissue nutrient levels from the selected plants to recommended ranges and to provide survey ranges for species for which sufficiency data are not available. Mean tissue levels in almost 50% of the unrooted cutting species surveyed were statistically similar to ranges established for finished plants. Species with nutrients that fell outside the recommended ranges did not reach critical minimum deficiency or toxicity levels. The nutrient ranges presented in this survey represent typical nutrient levels in cuttings of each species. Growers can use these ranges when interpreting tissue analysis reports of their unrooted cuttings and making corrective nutrient management decisions.  相似文献   

17.
美国市民农园是一个值得借鉴的兼具生产、生态和生活等多功能的植被景观模式,本研究针对市民农园的生态服务功能,依据市民农园结构模式及经营群体的不同,随机选取了洛杉矶市14个市民农园,采用样地调查、半结构式访谈等方法,基于植被物种功能组合和乡土植物组成,定量化研究了城市植被物种多样性及其分布格局对种植者族裔背景及营建模式等影响因素的响应,进而评析对我国城市绿地建设和休闲农业的启示。本研究共计调查到439种植物,分属90科,242属,分析结果显示:市民农园是城市生态系统中重要的物种库,能维护较为丰富的乡土植物资源;其植物功能以食用植物为主,观赏植物、药用植物次之,这在保护族裔传统文化、区域乡土文化具有重要价值;其植被景观结构和功能受到族裔背景及营建模式等不同程度影响。研究证明,市民农园作为生态多样性和文化多样性的交汇景观,是实现城镇绿色基础建设和休闲农业发展的重要营建模式。以此为经验,我国在进行绿地规划和生态植被建设时要考虑不同利益相关者,尤其是关注外来者的生活习俗和选择偏好;同时也要注意监测外来物种,以防造成物种入侵,这对于建设文化强国背景下开展城镇生态植被建设和发展休闲农业具有启示意义。  相似文献   

18.
This study aims to investigate how wild edible plants are used according to orally transmitted traditional knowledge in North Jeolla Province, Korea. Data was collected utilizing semi-structured questionnaires through the participatory rural appraisal method. This study utilized 91 informants who produced 244 viable usages from the collection of 108 species, within 96 genera in 52 families. Regarding the distribution of recorded families, Asteraceae (22 species) occupied 29.6 % of the total use-reports. Within usage, vegetables (55 species) occupied 50.9 % of the whole. Overall, 22 kinds of plant-parts were selected as edible materials requiring 48 various preparatory methods. The category of preparatory methods with the highest degree of consensus from the informants were food dye, fried dry vegetables, pan fried cakes, seared spikelets, seasoned cooked vegetables (Type V), and steamed rice cakes. For fidelity levels (FL) of plants regarding preparatory methods, 27 plant species recorded a FL of 100 %. The results of this study will be enhanced due to the value of traditional knowledge of the local community concerning wild edible plants and will provide various usages for the plants as nutritional sources for the residents of local communities.  相似文献   

19.
小尺度乡村景观生态评价及重构研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
本文旨在小尺度上对乡村景观进行生态化评价, 辨识乡村景观建设的主要生态环境问题。在北京市大兴区、河北省曲周县和江苏省常熟市各选取1个研究区, 基于高分辨率遥感影像, 通过实地野外调查建立小尺度景观数据库。从景观空间结构和属性两方面进行评价, 采用情景分析研究乡村景观植被建设潜力。研究结果显示, 不同研究区整体上形成高度相似的网格化景观格局。线状景观组成在3个区域间差异显著, 注重田埂、田间路、防护林和沟渠的建设以维持农田景观多样性。农田防护林普遍存在主林带间隔过大的问题。农田基础设施地表过度硬化成为当前建设模式突出的生态问题, 在大兴区和常熟市分别达到28.46%和56.19%。防护林在林木覆盖率与绿量评价上显示出不弱于面状林地的重要性, 但面临结构简单、树种多样性低下、残缺断带率高达18%~38%的不足。情景评价显示线状植被具备较大的建设潜力, 合理规划能有效提升乡村林木覆盖率0.58%~1.16%、增加绿量2.22%~19.59%。本研究表明, 小尺度评价能辨识出乡村景观建设所面临的主要生态环境问题以及生态景观建设方向。  相似文献   

20.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India is a geographically insulated biodiversity rich centre in tropical region. The islands are endowed with huge plant diversity comprising of 3219 species of 299 families and 1251 genera. The present study aimed to develop a systematic list of crop wild relatives (CWR) in the islands using information from available literature and also by ground survey. A total of 38 visits were made in all three districts of the islands and observed the crop wild relatives. In total, 153 wild species from 76 genera of 27 families were found to be related to crop plants. The list includes 34 endemic and 4 species of rare occurrence. These species are vital constituent of gene pool which can be explored for rare but novel traits of economic significance. Wild species were found to be abundant in Anacardiaceae, Musaceae, Fabaceae, Zingiberaceae, Myristicaceae, Orchidaceae and Cucurbitaceae. The listed CWRs have potential to create variability and diversify the genebanks. These CWRs grow well in tropical islands in spite of prevalent biotic and abiotic stresses. The information documented will be useful for germplasm exploration, pre-breeding and devising strategies for conservation.  相似文献   

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