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1.
Three sheep with a small isolated rumen (after Gridin et al., 1964) were studied for the passage of amino acids from the blood to the isolated rumen before feeding and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours after feeding. It was found that, on an average for all the time intervals mentioned above, the passage of glycine was the largest of all the amino acids studied (0.512 muMol per 100 ml), followed, in descending order, by lysine, alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, leucine, threonine, isoleucine, arginine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine (0.038 muMol per 100 ml). Before feeding and one hour after feeding, lysine shared the greatest proportion of all amino acids that had passed into the isolated rumen (0.565-0.43 muMol per 100 ml), followed, in descending order, by glycine, alanine, valine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, serine, threonine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine; arginine was, in this case, represented by the smallest proportion (0.042-0.030 muMol per 100 ml). It is inferred from the results that the amount of amino acids passing from the blood through the rumen wall changes with the time that has elapsed from feeding, and that before feeding this passage is more intensive than after feeding. These changes are held to be related with an increased passage of endogenous nitrogen to the rumen in the period of a relative deficiency of substances which are derived from the feed and are essential for maintaining homeostasis in the rumen. 相似文献
2.
The metabolism of amino acids and urea in an isolated perfused wall of sheep rumen was studied by the method of organ perfusion, using 3 kinds of perfusate. In experiments with semisynthetic perfusate containing urea (SPurea) the levels of lysine, valine, glutamic acid and alanine increased at a simultaneous decrease of levels of leucine, arginine, aspartic acid, threonine and methionine. In perfusions with the semisynthetic medium without urea (SP) the levels of lysine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine increased, the level of threonine dropped. In perfusions with whole autologous blood (KP) the levels of valine, glutamic acid and alanine increased, the level of arginine decreased. The level of urea decreased sharply at using SPurea and KP, however, the equal cumulation of ammonia (200-400 mumol x 1(-1)) was found in all three types of perfusate after 2-hr perfusion. Moreover, in experiments with SP a low level of urea was found already after 5-min. of perfusion. The results of the experiments suggest that the rumen wall is capable of producing amino acids also without the contents of rumen, and that independently on the presence or absence of urea as a nitrogen source. 相似文献
3.
The influence of protein deficiency, rehabilitation and total starvation on the free amino acid levels in the blood plasma of pigs has been investigated. It was found that the concentration of most amino acids was reduced during protein deficiency. The levels of leucine, isoleucine and valine were diminished by the greatest proportion, followed by threonine, tyrosine and citrulline. During the first few weeks of protein deficiency the levels of lysine, histidine and arginine were slightly increased, but later decreased below control values. Concentrations of glycine and alanine were altered in a similar way except that the initial increase was much more pronounced. The concentrations of most of these amino acids returned to control levels after rehabilitation. Total starvation led to an increase in concentration of leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine and to a smaller extent phenylalanine, lysine, citrulline and arginine. The concentration of glycine, alanine and glutamic acid were very much reduced. The level of urea in the circulation dropped reversibly during protein deficiency and increased very much during total starvation. 相似文献
4.
Trials were conducted with four adult sheep of the Merino breed, live weight 45 to 50 kg, fed two diets with different nitrogen levels (7.6 g nitrogen per day as protein or 24 g nitrogen per day with an addition of 17.4 g urea nitrogen to 7.6 g nitrogen as protein). The following findings were obtained: the concentration of free amino acids in blood plasma in the 9th, 12th, 15th, 18th and 22nd weeks from the beginning of feeding with both diets was lower, in most of the analyzed amino acids, three hours after feeding than before feeding. The results show that at an increased intake of urea nitrogen the concentration increases of the free amino acids lysine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, valine and isoleucine before feeding. Three hours after feeding these differences are less pronounced. An increase is only recorded in the concentration of arginine, glutamic acid and glycine, whereas the concentration of alanine decreases. 相似文献
5.
The levels of free amino acids in cow's milk vary greatly. The highest value of 164.484 mumol/l was recorded in glutamic acid, followed by glycine, alanine, lysine, and the lowest values were found in cystine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and isoleucine (5--10 mumol/l). The levels of free amino acids in milk and their order differ from the values and the order in blood. For a large proportion of free amino acids, significant to highly significant relations exist between the levels in arterial blood and venous blood before and after milking. On the other hand, significant positive correlations were found only between the level of cystine in arterial blood and in venous blood after milking, between threonine level in arterial blood and in venous blood before milking, and a highly significant negative correlation was recorded between the leucine level in venous blood before milking and the respective value in milk. 相似文献
6.
南板蓝根氨基酸的分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用氨基酸分析仪对南板蓝根氨基酸进行分离测定，证实其含有脯氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、丙氨酸、天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、半胱氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、丝氨酸等十四种氨基酸，但未发现精氨酸、赖氨酸和组氨酸。 相似文献
7.
摘 要:为了综合评价广西主栽的不同红肉火龙果品种的果实品质特性和氨基酸组成,以金都1号、大红、蜜宝、美龙3号四个品种为研究对象,对其果实品质和氨基酸组分及含量等指标进行全面系统的比较,旨在为火龙果的种植生产、加工和食用等提供理论依据。结果表明：4个火龙果品种果实外形端正,色泽鲜艳,品质佳,其中金都1号果实最大,美龙3号最小;金都1号和蜜宝的果形为近圆形,大红和美龙3号为椭圆形;萼片都是三角形,金都1号和大红较长,蜜宝较短;萼片数最多的是大红,最少的是蜜宝;果皮最厚的是美龙3号,最薄的是蜜宝;可食率最高的是蜜宝;金都1号果实的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、还原糖、可滴定酸、维生素C、甜味氨基酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸和脯氨酸的含量以及必需氨基酸在总氨基酸中的比例最高,大红的17种氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸、半必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、芳香族氨基酸、赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、门冬氨酸和甘氨酸的含量最高,蜜宝的胱氨酸、丙氨酸、丝氨酸和谷氨酸的含量最高,美龙3号的酪氨酸含量最高。4个红肉火龙果品种果实所含的17种氨基酸中,排在前五位的是谷氨酸、脯氨酸、精氨酸、亮氨酸、门冬氨酸。综合进行评价,金都1号的综合品质性状最佳,其次是大红。 相似文献
8.
The absorption of three amino acids (leucine, alanine and lysine) from the washed, closed rumen was studied in a short-term (75 min) experiment in situ. The concentration of leucine and alanine did not change in the rumen during the experiment, while that of lysine continuously decreased, and 40% of the total lysine placed in the rumen was absorbed during the experimental period. The rate of absorption decreased in proportion to the fall of amino acid concentration. 相似文献
9.
试验旨在分析内蒙古生鲜乳中氨基酸含量、乳蛋白营养价值及其在不同地区的差异，为生鲜乳营养品质评定提供理论依据。选取内蒙古呼伦贝尔市、锡林郭勒盟、乌兰察布市、赤峰市、呼和浩特市、兴安盟、通辽市7个代表地区，采集同一季节70批次奶罐奶，用于分析内蒙古生鲜乳中17种氨基酸含量，并用FAO（2011）推荐的最新氨基酸评分模式评价乳蛋白营养价值，同时比较地区差异。结果表明：内蒙古生鲜乳中氨基酸总量为3.117%，其中谷氨酸含量最高（0.593%），其次是脯氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸，甘氨酸和胱氨酸含量最低（0.060%和0.061%）。内蒙古生鲜乳中必需氨基酸（EAA）构成比例及氨基酸评分均高于FAO/WHO理想蛋白质标准和模式。内蒙古不同地区生鲜乳氨基酸含量存在较大差异，主要表现为：与赤峰市生鲜乳中氨基酸含量相比，锡林郭勒盟生鲜乳中EAA、非必需氨基酸（NEAA）和总氨基酸（TAA）的含量优势明显（P<0.05），呼伦贝尔市生鲜乳中缬氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸的含量较高（P<0.05），呼和浩特市生鲜乳中亮氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和酪氨酸含量相对较高（P<0.05），其他几个盟市差异不显著（P>0.05）。综合上述试验结果，内蒙古生鲜乳中乳蛋白为优质蛋白，其中锡林郭勒盟、呼伦贝尔市和呼和浩特市生鲜乳氨基酸营养价值相对较高。 相似文献
10.
本实验旨在研究鸡胚发育过程中尿囊液和羊水中天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨酸和亮氨酸浓度的动态变化。选用72枚6胚龄的三黄鸡鸡胚,按重量相近原则分为6组,每组12个重复,分别在孵化第7、8、11、13、14、18天采集尿囊液和羊水,并利用高效液相色谱法分析其氨基酸浓度。结果表明:尿囊液中,除8胚龄外,其他各胚龄精氨酸浓度均高于另外3种氨基酸(P<0.05),13胚龄精氨酸浓度显著低于其他胚龄(P<0.05),而18胚龄显则著高于其他胚龄(P<0.05)。羊水中,各胚龄精氨酸浓度均高于其他3种氨基酸;除11胚龄外,13胚龄精氨酸浓度显著高于其他胚龄(P<0.05);7胚龄天门冬氨酸浓度显著高于13、14、18胚龄(P<0.05);但18胚龄谷氨酸及亮氨酸浓度则显著升高(P<0.05)。以上结果说明,在尿囊液及羊水中,所测4种氨基酸浓度变化不尽相同,但总体精氨酸含量最丰富,这可能与鸡胚发育的营养与代谢有关。 相似文献
11.
The experiments with extracoroporeal perfusion of sheep rumen were performed [Leng et al., 1977]. Bovine plasma, diluted in a 1:1ratio with an isotonic solution of sodium chloride, was used for four perfusions, and autologous blood was used for two perfusions in the course of 150 minutes. After 60 minutes perfusion 20 g enzymatic casein hydrolyzate were applied to the rumen. The levels of free amino acids in the perfusate were recorded after 60 minutes' perfusion [the first phase of perfusion] and at the end of the experiment [the second phase]. The levels of lysine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid increased after perfusions with bovine plasma during the first phase, the levels of glutamic acid, phenylalanine, and in one case of alanine, increased after perfusions with autologus blood. Simultaneously the level of valine decreased after perfusions with bovine plasma, and after perfusions with blood the levels of arginine and valine, and/or lysine, dropped. During the second phase of perfusion, the levels of all the observed amino acids except methionine [bovine plasma], and/or orginine and methionine [blood] rose in the perfusate. The experiments showed that the level of amino acids in the rumen content presented a decisive factor affecting amino acid absorption from the rumen into the blood. Transformation of the amino acids during their passage through the remen wall may be assumed, and glutamic acid is one of the chief products of this process. 相似文献
12.
Cyst membranes of Cysticercus tenuicollis, the larval stage of Taenia hydatigena, contained 14 amino acids, namely lysine, histidine, arginne, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, isoleucine and leucine. Methionine was present in traces. In comparison, the cyst fluid was deficient in histidine, arginne, threonine, methionine and valine and the scolices did not have threonine, serine, glutamic acid and methionine. The membrane contained large quantities of amino acids in comparison to the other components of the cyst. 相似文献
13.
3 colostomized laying hybrids received orally with a conventional ration 1% urea with 96.06 atom-% 15N excess (15N'). over a period of 6 days. In the period of the experiment every hen consumed 2.87 g 15N'. After another 2 days, on which they received conventional feed urea, the animals were butchered. 15N' was determined in the total N and in 15 amino acids of the oviduct. Of the 15 amino acids the labelling of glutamic acid, glycine and serine was highest and on average amounted to 0.80, 0.66 and 0.67 atom-% 15N'. In lysine and arginine only 0.10 and 0.11 atom-% 15N' could be detected. The amino acid N with natural isotopic frequency amounted to a quarter for the basic amino acids, a tenth for the branched chain ones and for the non-essential ones (glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, glycine, alanine, proline) a third of the total oviduct 14N, The average quota of 15N' is only 3.6%, that of the branched chain amino acids 4.5 and that of the non-essential ones 21.1%. Consequently, the 15N' of the urea is mainly used for the synthesis of the non-essential amino acids of the oviduct. 相似文献
14.
Zuzana Ceresnáková A Sommer Mária Chrenková Patrícia Dolesová 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2002,56(6):409-418
The crude protein content and amino acid profile of seven feedstuffs (linseed meal, maize gluten meal, rapeseed meal, rapeseed meal protected, soybean meal, fullfat soybean extruded and sunflower meal) were determined before and after ruminal incubation for 16 h in three bulls with large rumen cannulas. The intestinal disappearance of amino acids was measured using mobile bag technique. Ruminal incubation affected amino acid profile of all experimental feedstuffs. Crude protein degradation varied from 29.3% for maize gluten meal to 86.4% for rapeseed meal. A tendency towards increased disappearance was observed for glutamic acid, histidine, lysine and proline and decreased disappearance for branched-chain amino acids. The intestinal crude protein digestibility was higher than > 80%, except rapeseed meal (66.4%) and sunflower meal (77.8%). The least digestible individual amino acids were methionine and isoleucine in rapeseed meal, histidine and methionine in rapeseed meal protected and arginine in sunflower meal. In general, the lowest amino acid digestibilities were found in feedstuffs with the highest fibre content. The feedstuffs show that they have different potential for supplying of limiting amino acids. Of particular value are the feedstuffs with low crude protein degradability in the rumen and high intestinal digestibility of amino acids. 相似文献
15.
16.
J Legáth 《Veterinární medicína》1992,37(5-6):293-305
The effects of low and high nitrogen diets on amino acid levels were studied in hydrolyzates of ruminal bacteria adhered to four topographically different anatomic parts of the ruminal wall (dorsal, ventral and caudal parts as well as reticulum) in 18 sheep + of the Slovak Merino breed divided into three experimental groups. The epimural bacteria of the dorsal and ventral parts of the ovine rumen revealed the most sensitive reaction to the varying amounts of nitrogen ingested with the diet. In hydrolyzates of ruminal bacteria adhered to the dorsal and ventral epithelium, 15 and 14 amino acids were changing (Figs. 1, 2). In hydrolyzates of epimural bacteria, a sensitive reaction was observed in the following amino acids: alanine, histidine, thyroxin, arginine and proline (Tabs. I-IV). In all topographical and anatomical parts of the rumen, both alanine and histidine levels in hydrolyzates of epimural ruminal bacteria significantly increased with the diet with high-nitrogen content fed, but was falling in sheep fed with low-nitrogen diet. Changes in alanine concentrations may be explained by the fact that alanine forms a part of the mechanism for short-time storage of ammonia in bacterial cells (Bartos, 1987). The fact that alanine is in its lack deaminated to pyruvate (Havassy, 1976) is explained by significant fall in alanine contained in hydrolyzates of bacterial proteins when fed low nitrogen diets. Significant fall in alanine in shortage of amino acid bound nitrogen can be explained by the fact that under these conditions, the alanine skeleton is being incorporated in to 80% of amino acids synthetized de novo by ruminal bacteria (Syv?oja and Kreula, 1980). When sheep flock was fed the high-nitrogen diet, thyroxin and proline levels were significantly reduced in hydrolyzates of epimural bacteria from all parts of the rumen, while low-nitrogen diet significantly increased the concentrations of both given amino acids in comparison with the control. Bartos (1987) gives in his study the table containing weight representation of different amino acids in proteins of bacteria of the ruminal content compiled on the basis of data of several authors. These data principally correspond to the results of our measurements in hydrolyzates of epimural bacteria. The highest weight representation of amino acids in hydrolyzates of epimural bacteria was found for glutamic acid, aspartic acid and arginine, while the lowest ones were detected for thyroxin, proline and phenylalanine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献
17.
J Wünsche H D Bock U Hennig F Kreienbring E Borgmann 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1979,29(4):221-234
Growing pigs with ileum and ileocecal re-entrant canulae were given 5 different rations (pig fattening feed 1 and 2, rations with dried skim milk, wheat gluten + lysine and wheat + wheat gluten + lysine). The crude protein and amino acid excretion was quantitatively determined with ileum chyme and feces. The calculation of the amino acid balances (apparent and true digestibility) at the end of the small intestine, at the end of the wholedigestive tract and the isolated colon showed characteristic differences for the individual amino acids. On ileum level the amino acids with relatively high endogenous quotas, threonine, tryptophane, alanine, aspartic acid and glycine showed a distinctly lower, the amino acids arginine, methionine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, proline and tyrosine a distinctly higher digestibilityhan crude protein. In comparison of the values on the feces level, including the true digestibility, these differences are largely balanced out. At the end of the small intestine the absorption of the amino acids is in the main completed. The disappearance rate of amino acids from the colon shows large differences with reference to the different rations as well as the individual amino acids. They were particularly high for various rations as far as proline, tryptophane, glycine and cystine are concerned. If wheat gluten + lysine rations were given, a net synthesis of methionine in the colon could be proved. 相似文献
18.
本试验旨在探究青贮饲用油菜对湖羊生长性能、屠宰性能、瘤胃发酵及器官发育的影响。选取出生日期、胎次和体重相近的健康断奶湖羊公羔12只,随机分为2组,每组6只羊。2组分别饲喂花生秧全混合日粮(花生秧组)和青贮饲用油菜全混合日粮(油菜组)。试验期60 d。结果表明:与花生秧组相比,油菜组湖羊体重(P=0.043)和平均日增重(P=0.011)显著提高;胴体重有提高的趋势(P=0.062);瘤胃(P=0.028)、皱胃(P=0.029)、空肠(P=0.008)以及小肠(P=0.013)的重量显著提高,十二指肠重量有提高的趋势(P=0.055);瘤胃占宰前活重比例显著提高(P=0.033),十二指肠(P=0.048)和盲肠(P=0.016)占宰前活重比例显著降低;背最长肌粗蛋白质含量有提高的趋势(P=0.062),苏氨酸(P=0.019)、脯氨酸(P=0.010)、甘氨酸(P=0.008)、丙氨酸(P=0.016)、缬氨酸(P=0.039)、蛋氨酸(P=0.007)、异亮氨酸(P=0.023)、亮氨酸(P=0.017)、酪氨酸(P=0.025)、苯丙氨酸(P=0.012)、赖氨酸(P=0.033)、精氨酸(P=0.024)、总氨基酸(P=0.028)、必需氨基酸(P=0.021)、非必需氨基酸(P=0.036)含量显著增加,丝氨酸(P=0.056)、谷氨酸(P=0.052)和组氨酸(P=0.055)含量有增加的趋势;瘤胃液中乙酸(P=0.062)和总挥发性脂肪酸(P=0.087)含量有提高的趋势。由此可见,青贮饲用油菜同比例替代花生秧提高了湖羊生长性能、瘤胃发酵速率和胃肠道发育,同时具有提高肌肉中蛋白质含量的潜力,改善了肌肉的风味和营养价值,提高了肉品质。 相似文献
19.
Bergero D Assenza A Schiavone A Piccione G Perona G Caola G 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2005,89(3-6):146-150
The aim of this work was to evaluate the changes in the concentrations, after two rides different for distance covered, of different amino acids in endurance horses. Blood samples have been collected from horses just before the start, at the top of a steep slope (819 m difference in height) and just at the end of a 32-km endurance ride. A second group, competing in a 72 km endurance ride, has also been sampled immediately before and after the race. In serum samples, the concentrations of alanine, arginine, asparagine, glycine, isoleucine, histidine, leucine, lysine, methionine, ornithine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine have been measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). anova and t-test have been used to study the differences in the concentrations of the amino acids. The pre-ride concentrations of the free amino acids were different between the two races, except for methionine and leucine. Differences between start and end race have been found for both groups for all the considered parameters except asparagine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine for the 72 km ride. Increases have been recorded for the shorter and decreases for the longer ride in the blood serum concentrations. Significant increases have also been found between the starting sampling and the second, at the top of the slope, only for alanine, arginine, asparagines, phenylalanine and lysine. The ride length has a significant impact on blood serum amino acids mobilization and uptake; in the shorter race the increases stand only for mobilization, whereas in the longer the decrease can be considered the effect of the onset of the amino acids catabolism. 相似文献
20.
1. Fifty broiler chicks in individual cages, were fed on a balanced diet ad libitum until 10 d old and then given a single meal daily. Blood and pectoral muscle samples were taken from each. Free aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, valine, cystine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine and arginine were determined.
2. Free amino acid concentrations varied greatly between birds. Values for the coefficient of variation ranged from 0.21 for serine in both tissues to 0.571 and 0.749 for valine and lysine in blood and muscle respectively.
3. Many correlations for pairs of amino acids did not seem related to the body weight of chicks. 相似文献