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1.
甘蓝型油菜光温敏雄性不育两用系501—8S的选育 总被引：23，自引：2，他引：21
从国内外远距离的甘蓝型油菜品种杂交后代Ｆ３群体中发现光温敏雄性不育株,经套袋自交结合人工辅助授粉,选育出甘蓝型油菜光温敏雄性不育两用系５０１—８Ｓ。多年的南繁北育结果证明：当温度为３～１０℃,日照小于１２ｈ的条件下表现为完全雄性可育;当温度为１１～２３℃,日照大于１２ｈ转换为完全的雄性不育。该两用系恢复源广,异交结实率高,杂种优势明显,可用于配制两系法杂交油菜。 相似文献
2.
利用小孢子培养技术创建高含油量甘蓝型油菜 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以具备高含油量品质的甘蓝型油菜品系1481、1489以及1481×206的F1代为供体材料，对影响游离小孢子胚胎发生的部分因素——供体植株基因型、小孢子培养密度、小孢子培养的合适时期进行了研究，同时采用近红外反射光谱分析技术对高含油量甘蓝型油菜品系1481和1489获得的DH系种子含油量进行了测定。研究结果表明：材料1481的小孢子产胚量较高，达34.9个/蕾；三种材料的小孢子培养合适密度均为3蕾/皿；大田种植的甘蓝型油菜产胚量以初花至初花后1周左右的时间最高；所获得的40个DH系含油量中有21个DH系的含油量与对照中双4号的含油量之间存在显著差异，有13个DH系的含油量比供体亲本高，其中WD-33、WD-34两个DH系的含油量高达47%以上，可以作为选育或转育高含油量新品种的材料。 相似文献
3.
《热带作物学报》2017,(10)
为优化白菜游离小孢子培养高频胚诱导技术体系,以20个不同基因型白菜栽培品种为供试材料,对影响白菜游离小孢子胚诱导和植株再生因素进行研究。结果表明:有14个基因型产生了小孢子胚,不同基因型之间胚诱导率差异显著,表明基因型是影响小孢子胚发生的主要因素;通过对白菜游离小孢子培养高频胚诱导技术体系的优化,胚诱导率明显提高,最优组合为盛花期取蕾;花瓣长与花药长比为0.5~0.75;4℃低温预处理1 d;150 g/L蔗糖的NLN培养基33℃高温热激2 d,重新离心更换130 g/L蔗糖的NLN培养;激素最优组合为6-BA0.1 mg/L、NAA 0.5 mg/L;在培养基中添加活性炭有利于胚的形成,最佳浓度为0.5 g/L。 相似文献
4.
不同基因型菜心游离小孢子培养和植株再生 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以11个不同基因型的菜心栽培品种为试材,研究不同培养条件对菜心游离小孢子胚诱导和植株再生的影响。结果有7个基因型材料获得小孢子胚,从不同基因型诱导形成胚的频率存在显著差异,表明基因型是影响菜心小孢子胚发生的主要因素;第1天热激培养时用170 g/L高浓度蔗糖培养之后转换成含130 g/L蔗糖培养基能显著提高小孢子胚诱导率;0.05 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA能促进菜心小孢子诱导成胚;添加0.4 mg/L GA3可显著提高菜心小孢子胚芽诱导率和平均每胚出芽数。7个基因型材料均诱导出再生植株,植株诱导率为100%。 相似文献
5.
芥菜型油菜生态型雄性不育两用系研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
从杂种圃芥菜型油菜遵矮不育系中发现光温敏雄性可育株,套袋自交,采用不同季节、不同播期方法,选育出光温敏雄性不育两用系遵矮Ｓ。在日平均温度为７．７～１３．５℃,平均日照长度小于１２ｈ的条件下表现为雄性可育;当温度为２０．０～２４．４℃,平均日照长度大于１３ｈ的条件下转换为完全的雄性不育。该两用系恢复源广,可用于配制两用系杂交油菜。 相似文献
6.
以生长在非控温控光下的4个冬性甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)品种为供体,进行游离小孢子培养.研究发现,多数品种在开花3~7d内取材最为适宜.在甘蓝型油莱小孢子培养中只有单核晚期的小孢子才可能发育成胚状体,而花药培养时处于单核早期的小孢子易于发育成胚状体.在适当花期选取发育比较一致的单核晚期小孢子培养.经数小时后,部分小孢子便开始膨大,这是小孢子发育成胚的最早标志,膨大的小孢子中,有部分形成多细胞球并进一步发育成胚.用春性甘蓝型油菜为材料进行蔗糖浓度的实验结果表明:培养3d后,在16%蔗糖培养基中存活的小孢子最多,达16.13%,培养30d后,胚状体诱导频率则以13%蔗糖浓度为最高,每花蕾可达144个胚状体.如果在16%蔗粮培养基中培养3d后,添加等体积的13%蔗糖培养基,能够大大提高胚状体的诱导频率,为仅用13%蔗糖培养基培养的3.7倍.这一实验体系正在用于抗菌核病诱变与筛选,并作为外源基因导入的实验体系. 相似文献
7.
高油酸油菜的食用品质、营养价值、贮存和加工品质较高,在食用、工业和药用等领域都发挥重要的作用。为获得高油酸油菜不育系和恢复系,以高油酸油菜J-3111为供体亲本,采用回交转育与分子标记辅助选择相结合的育种策略,将高油酸优良等位基因(fad2基因)导入到甘蓝型油菜波里马细胞质温敏雄性不育(pol TCMS)两用系616A及其恢复系L-135R中。结果表明:改良株系油酸含量最高可达75.18%;同时,改良株系在角果长度、每角果粒数和千粒重等产量性状与轮回亲本无显著差异。此外,利用重测序数据开发了油酸含量调控位点连锁的InDel标记。由此本研究获得了甘蓝型油菜高油酸pol TCMS不育两用系及其恢复系,为培育高产高油酸油菜新品种奠定了基础。 相似文献
8.
甘蓝型杂交油菜亲本的小孢子培养技术研究 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
通过对42份甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus)不同基因型材料的小孢子培养研究,结果表明不同基因型材料的小孢子产胚率存在明显差异,但pol-CMS的恢复系与保持系之间的胚状体产量差异不显著,恢复或保持基因不影响小孢子成胚率,说明通过小孢子培养快速纯合pol-CMS杂交亲本是可行的.胚状体直接成苗率与培养基中琼脂浓度、培养温度及供体材料基因型有关,胚状体经低温诱导及适当增大培养基中琼脂浓度可有效提高胚状体直接成苗率.4℃低温处理10d和培养基琼脂浓度高于1.2%均可提高胚状体的直接成苗率,并以1.5%琼脂浓度效果较好. 相似文献
9.
10.
《中国油料作物学报》2016,(2)
为探索适用于长江流域主产区生态条件下的甘蓝型油菜小孢子培养技术中最佳秋水仙碱浓度,以2个适合进行小孢子培养的油菜材料为对象,研究了4种不同浓度(0、100、200和400mg/L)的秋水仙碱处理对小孢子产胚率和二倍体率的影响。结果表明,200mg/L的秋水仙碱处理24h后,小孢子的产胚率和二倍体率都达到最大,与对照有显著的差异。用这一浓度,对40份不同基因型油菜的小孢子进行诱导培养,结果表明不同基因型油菜小孢子产胚率和二倍体率存在较大差异,小孢子产胚率为0.12~10.39胚/蕾,再生植株二倍体率为26.7%~90.0%。按照种皮颜色分类后发现,黄籽油菜与黑籽油菜的小孢子产胚率有显著差异,而二倍体率因材料基因型而异,推测油菜种皮颜色与小孢子的产胚率有一定相关性,而与再生植株二倍体率的相关性不大。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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16.
Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
20.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献