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1.
研究了石山棕营养器官的解剖结构,结果表明,石山棕营养器官具有发达的保护组织、输导组织、光合组织和机械组织。主要表现为:叶表皮角质膜发达,复表皮富含丹宁,栅栏组织发达(2.5层);根原生木质部束数多(31原),导管和筛管多,大量的薄壁细胞的细胞壁在根成熟后转化为机械组织;茎、叶柄和叶脉的木质部、韧皮部发达,维管束鞘细胞层次多并高度次生木化加厚,茎、叶柄具较多纤维;根、茎的栓化层发达。石山棕的营养器官具有良好的适应干旱、高温、瘦瘠的岩溶石山环境的生态结构,  相似文献   

2.
海南香枝木与越南香枝木木材构造特征比较解剖研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对海南香枝木和越南香枝木木材构造特征进行比较解剖研究。结果表明:两者的宏观构造在材色气味、纹理结构等方面有较大的差异。微观构造特征的差异主要表现在木射线的种类、射线细胞的形态、射线组织的类型;其余解剖特征差异则不明显。海南香枝木的树种名称为降香黄檀(Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen),越南香枝木的树种名称为多裂黄檀(D.rimosa Roxb.)。  相似文献   

3.
盐渍生境下两种生态型芦苇的形态结构及矿质元素分布   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
采用光镜、扫描电镜结合X-射线能谱分析技术以及营养元素测定手段,研究生长于同一土壤和气候环境下的两种生态型芦苇,直立芦苇和匍匐芦苇的形态学及营养学特性差异。研究发现,与直立芦苇相比较,匍匐芦苇体内具有较高的钠、硅、钙离子含量和较低的钾含量,表现出叶片厚而硬,正午叶片卷曲程度较低的现象。两种芦苇体内矿质元素分布均表现为硅的含量最高,钠含量其次,钙含量最低。钠离子在芦苇不同器官或部位的分布规律是:地上部含量低于地下部,叶片中的含量低于茎。硅元素则在地上部分布较多。对芦苇叶片解剖结构及硅的X射线能谱分析发现,两种生态型芦苇叶表面有大量的硅分布,其叶片上表皮均具有大的液泡化的泡状细胞群,但匍匐芦苇维管束鞘细胞于近上表皮的延伸程度高于直立芦苇;硅在两种生态型芦苇茎的纵向分布,表现为较密集地分布于节上部,节下部分布较少,植物节间几乎不含硅;硅在直立芦苇地面茎处分布均匀,而在匍匐芦苇地面茎处则密集地分布于靠近地面的一侧。以上结果表明,芦苇的形态学差异与植物体内离子的分布有密切关系。芦苇叶片较低的含钠量及较高的硅分布在降低盐分对光合器官的伤害,调节植物在干旱、盐碱条件下的水分以及生长状况有一定的适应意义。  相似文献   

4.
利用冰冻切片法和徒手切片对石韦(Pyrrosia lingua)新鲜叶片中的蒽琨类化合物、皂苷类化合物及多糖进行组织化学定位研究。结果表明:葸琨类化合物主要积累在叶片的栅栏组织中;表皮毛、海绵组织和韧皮部也有葸琨类化合物,木质部和表皮无明显显色反应。皂苷类化合物也主要积累在叶片的栅栏组织中;表皮毛、海绵组织、薄壁组织和韧皮部中也有少量皂苷类化合物,木质部无明显显色反应。厚角组织中葸琨类物质含量比皂苷类物质含量高;多糖普遍存在于石韦叶肉中,维管束、薄壁组织和表皮有少量分布。  相似文献   

5.
17种锦鸡儿属植物叶片解剖结构及抗旱性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
锦鸡儿是西北干旱、半干旱区防风固沙和水土保持的重要植物资源,对生态环境恢复有着重要意义。以17种锦鸡儿属植物叶片作为试验材料,使用石蜡切片法观察叶片解剖结构,测定了叶片厚度、上、下表皮细胞厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、主脉厚度、叶片结构紧密度、叶片结构疏松度8项叶片结构指标,利用层次聚类和隶属函数分析了17种锦鸡儿属植物的抗旱能力。结果表明:叶肉解剖结构有3种不同类型,在抗旱性增强的过程中,叶肉结构从普通型、过渡型、环栅型依次过渡,叶片表现为逐渐变厚,栅栏组织、主脉越来越发达,叶片结构紧密度增大;层次聚类分析聚为2类,第1类主要特征是叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、叶片结构紧密度大,叶片结构疏松度小,叶肉结构为环栅型(边塞锦鸡儿过渡型);第2类主要特征是叶片结构疏松度大,叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、叶片结构紧密度、表皮细胞厚度小。根据隶属函数值17种锦鸡儿属植物的抗旱性由大到小排列的顺序为短脚锦鸡儿荒漠锦鸡儿多刺锦鸡儿狭叶锦鸡儿川西锦鸡儿粉刺锦鸡儿边塞锦鸡儿南口锦鸡儿红花锦鸡儿甘蒙锦鸡儿鬼箭锦鸡儿柠条锦鸡儿黄刺条锦鸡儿刺叶锦鸡儿灰毛小叶锦鸡儿中间锦鸡儿树锦鸡儿。研究结果能为锦鸡儿属植物在干旱半干旱地区植被恢复与重建中的推广应用提供理论依据。  相似文献   

6.
土壤铅污染对密毛白莲蒿茎叶解剖结构影响的研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
对200 mg/L铅溶液处理的非矿区、矿区密毛白莲蒿的茎、叶解剖结构进行了比较研究.结果表明,非矿区密毛白莲蒿茎在铅胁迫下组织结构变化较小.矿区密毛白莲蒿茎表现出对铅的适应性,茎表皮加厚,细胞壁加厚,木质部导管壁出现加厚现象,导管中有黑色物质.非矿区密毛白莲蒿叶在铅胁迫下整个组织结构极其松散,组织内部的细胞形状不规则,细胞大小不规律,且排列混乱,部分细胞出现了解体的现象,完整的细胞中叶绿体含量明显减少.而矿区密毛白莲蒿叶解剖结构变化较小,其组织结构较完整而且内部细胞排列很紧密,细胞形状较规则,大小均一.矿区密毛白莲蒿在铅胁迫下表现出了很强的耐受性,为铅污染土壤植物修复的理论研究和技术实施提供了一种新的种质资源.  相似文献   

7.
本文描述了木薯的根、茎、叶、花药和子房的解剖特点。由不定根发育形成的肉质块根,周皮上有皮孔;幼茎五棱形,在五个棱处的原形成层分化出强大的初生维管组织—木质部和韧皮部,而两棱之间部分,原形成层仅分化出初生韧皮部而无初生木质部。待维管形成层的发生和活动,产生次生维管组织,茎逐渐变圆;叶脉维管束鞘细胞含大量叶绿体;倒生胚珠具特殊构造;各部器官均有乳汁管。  相似文献   

8.
不同水分条件下水稻根解剖结构的比较分析   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
在旱作和淹水两种培养方式下,研究了5种基因型水稻(Oryza.sativa.L.)(常规粳稻、杂交粳稻、常规籼稻、杂交籼稻和旱稻)幼苗根系解剖结构的差异。结果表明,两种水分条件下,水稻根通气组织的形成和皮层厚壁细胞的形态均存在基因型差异。5种基因型间,淹水条件下杂交粳稻根形成通气组织的时间最晚,根皮层厚壁细胞形态上的差异在常规粳稻和常规籼稻之间表现得更为明显;旱作条件下旱稻的根通气组织形成较其他基因型晚,常规粳稻根皮层厚壁细胞排列疏松,细胞壁加厚程度小。与淹水条件相比,旱作条件下杂交稻根通气组织形成较迟,常规粳稻根皮层厚壁细胞排列较疏松。  相似文献   

9.
单、双瓣茉莉营养器官解剖结构特征及其生态适应性研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
对相同生境栽培的单、双瓣茉莉根茎叶等器官解剖结构特征研究结果表明 ,与单瓣茉莉相比 ,双瓣茉莉具有根、茎各薄壁组织淀粉粒积累量较多 ,茎次生木质部导管内无侵填体 ,茎皮层细胞层多达 2~ 4层 ,气孔器较小、密度较大且位置更下陷 ,气孔器面积 叶表面积值较小 ,叶片角质层较厚且叶肉细胞较小 ,栅栏组织厚度 叶肉组织厚度值较大 ,栅栏组织细胞排列更紧密等叶片结构特征 ,这可能是双瓣茉莉更适应低温和干旱生境的原因之一  相似文献   

10.
以钾高效高潜基因型HG103和低效低潜基因型LG122为材料,在盆栽条件下研究了钾对不同棉花基因型叶片解剖结构的影响。结果显示:花铃期施钾条件下HG103上部叶主叶脉的上、下表皮细胞排列较LG122紧密和整齐,而下部叶片则相反;缺钾后HG103上部叶主叶脉比LG122发育得好;HG103叶脉维管束木质部具有较多导管数,利于养分和水分等的运输,而LG122木质部导管数相对较少;HG103上部叶叶脉的韧皮部比LG122较为发达,利于光合产物运输。花铃期施钾条件下HG103上部叶的叶肉细胞结构与LG122差别不大,下部叶的栅栏组织则没有LG122排列的整齐。缺钾时,HG103上部叶叶肉的上表皮细胞比LG122排列的较为整齐,栅栏组织和海绵组织形状较规则;而下部叶LG122栅栏组织和海绵组织比HG103分化得好。  相似文献   

11.
The seedlings of the soybean ( Glycine max. (L.) Merr.) cv. Polan were investigated by subjecting them to water culture for a period of 14 d. To the Knop nutrient solution, lead was added as PbCl2 at four concentrations: 0, 10, 20 and 40 mg dm−3. Observations of soybean leaf tissues were carried out by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The Pb levels used in the present study reduced the area of cotyledons and leaf blades of the soybean plants. Pb-induced changes in the leaf epidermis structure involved a reduction in the cell size, more abundant wax coating, and an increase in the number of stomata and trichomes per unit area with simultaneous reduction in the size of the guard cells. The lead treatment resulted in the reduction in the thickness of the leaf blades, reduction in the area of xylem and phloem in the vascular bundles and in the diameter of the xylem vessels. Under Pb stress, the leaf mesophyll cells were characterized by the presence of altered chloroplasts with a reduced lamellar system and multidirectional pattern of the thylakoid system. Burst stroma of the thylakoid system and cracked chloroplast envelopes were also observed. The importance of the increase in the number of stomata and trichomes for plants under the metal stress was examined.  相似文献   

12.
为比较二倍体及其同源四倍体木薯叶片之间的差异,本试验以木薯华南205、南植199的二倍体及其同源四倍体植株为材料,测定其叶片形态结构和逆境生理指标,鉴定其抗螨性,并进行相关性分析。叶片形态结构和生理指标测定结果表明,木薯同源四倍体的叶片厚度、中裂叶宽、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅海比、下表皮厚度、下角质层厚度、单宁含量、多酚氧化酶以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性均高于其二倍体,中裂叶长、叶形指数、气孔密度和丙二醛含量均低于其二倍体。抗螨性鉴定结果发现,木薯同源四倍体的抗螨性均强于其二倍体。相关性分析结果表明,螨害指数与叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、下表皮厚度、下角质层厚度、多酚氧化酶活性以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性呈极显著负相关,与单宁含量呈显著负相关,与气孔密度、丙二醛含量呈显著正相关。本研究为木薯倍性育种、抗性育种工作提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

13.
超积累植物吸收重金属的生理及分子机制   总被引:87,自引:2,他引:87  
超积累植物从根际吸收重金属 ,并将其转移和积累到地上部 ,这一过程包括跨根细胞质膜运输、从根表皮细胞向中柱的横向运输、从根系的中柱薄壁细胞装载到木质部导管、木质部长途运输、从木质部卸载到叶细胞 (跨叶细胞膜运输 )、跨叶细胞的液泡膜运输等主要环节和调控位点。本文就近十年来这方面的研究进展作一综述  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

In situ elemental distributions and shifts were determined in basipetal root and stem tissues of tomato by x‐ray fluorescence. Some significant elemental distributions and shifts occurred in the tissues and organs. Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr concentrated in the root and Br in the stem. Cortical tissues concentrated Fe, whereas vascular tissues concentrated Cu and Zn. Most of the Cl, Br, and Sr concentrated in the phloem—Br in the stem phloem, Sr in the root phloem, and Cl evenly distributed in the phloem of both organs. A positive Rb‐Sr association was unique for cortical tissue of both organs, and a positive Ca‐Sr association was characteristic of the xylem of both organs. Mutual elemental associations characterized transport and distribution of the elements in the tissues.  相似文献   

15.
林木抗旱性与其根次生构造关系的研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
按照林木一年生根系的次生构造,特别是根横切面木质部与韧皮部面积之比,导管与木质部面积之比以及导管与根径面积之比,对林木的抗旱性进行综合评价,从遗传特征上揭示各种林木抗旱性的差别。按照这3个指标对8个常见造林树种的抗旱性进行综合评价,从强到弱依次是:刺槐>旱柳>紫穗槐>臭椿>毛白杨>白榆>白蜡>沙棘。  相似文献   

16.
Iron is attractive to plant physiologists since J. Sachs has proven in 1868 the essentiality and the possible leaf uptake of Fe. It lasted about 100 years before the principal processes for Fe mobilization in the rhizosphere were discovered and classified as two distinct strategies for Fe acquisition. During the 80's and 90's of the last century the uptake of Fe2+ and FeIII-phytosiderophores by specific transporters in strategy I- and strategy II-plants, respectively, were postulated without any application of the new approaching molecular techniques. In the following decade, the various transporters for Fe uptake by roots, such as AtIRT1 in Arabidopsis or ZmYS1 in maize and their possible regulation were characterized. In the following years with fast developing molecular approaches further Fe trans ortsrs were genetically described with often only vague physiological functions. In view of a plant nutritionist, besides uptake processes by roots, the following transport processes within the respective target tissue have to be considered by molecular biologists in more detail: 1) radial transfer of Fe from the root cortex through the endodermis, 2) xylem loading in roots, 3) transfer of Fe from xylem to phloem via transfer cells, 4) phloem loading with Fe in source leaves and retranslocation to sink organs, and 5) remobilization and retranslocation via the phloem during senescence of perennial plants. The importance of these various specific transport processes for a well-regulated Fe homeostasis in plants and new strategies to identify and characterize proteins involved in Fe transport and homeostasis will be discussed.  相似文献   

17.
The plant nutrient phosphorus (P) is spread throughout the plant within the transpiration stream after uptake in the form of phosphate via the roots. Short‐term distribution is therefore strongly dependent on transpiration rather than on sinks, so that P mainly enters adult leaves. The objective of this work was to investigate the transport of phosphate in leaf veins and its distribution within the leaf. Experiments were performed with broad bean (Vicia faba L. var. Scirocco) using radioactively labeled phosphate. In a relatively new approach, the tracer was monitored by a sensitive imaging plate using Fujifilm's Bioimaging Analyzer System. Radioactive label could be monitored in fresh leaves (without fixing) using exposure times of only 5–20 min. For this reason, the method offered the possibility to obtain several subsequent autoradiographic images of the same sample after different feeding times. Phosphate tracer quickly reached small veins, which were then more intensely labeled than the tissue between them. Within the first 15 min, intercostal fields were only slightly stained. After application of phosphate tracer onto the leaf blade, export from the leaf was pronounced and started within 30 min. Phosphorus is effectively redistributed from adult leaves to sinks such as the terminal bud or growing root tips. Using the imaging method, an impression of the high velocity and effectiveness of this process was obtained. The results furthermore imply that leaf veins may be one of the most important locations where exchange between xylem and phloem transport takes place, although exchange between xylem and phloem was also observed in the shoot axis and in the petioles.  相似文献   

18.
苎麻茎秆力学模型的试验分析   总被引:1,自引:7,他引:1  
为了提供苎麻收割、剥制机械研究设计的力学参数及理论基础,论文对苎麻茎秆的几何形状进行假定,运用复合材料力学理论建立苎麻茎秆力学模型,利用微机控制万能试验机对苎麻茎秆各向(轴向、径向)及各组分(木质部、韧皮部和茎秆整体)进行拉伸、压缩、弯曲等力学试验,获得力学参数数据,并通过数据的分析计算获得苎麻茎秆力学模型的全部弹性参数。同时,试验结果表明,苎麻茎秆在轴向拉伸中表现更多为木质部的承载作用,其韧皮部与木质部的粘附力不能阻止韧皮部沿木质部表层滑移;苎麻茎秆径向弹性参数测量值和通过各组分弹性参数值计算获得的计算值接近,苎麻茎秆径向符合复合材料的特性。  相似文献   

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