共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 21 毫秒
1.
为探索不同类型耐盐植物在盐胁迫下体内渗透调节机制,以沙柳、沙枣、柽柳和西伯利亚白刺为研究材料,研究了不同盐浓度(0、100、200、300 mmol·L-1NaCl)处理下4种耐盐植物体内无机离子和有机溶质含量的变化,比较了其在植物渗透调节中的作用。结果表明:(1)盐处理后4种植物体内Na+、Cl-含量均上升,K+、Ca2+、Mg2+离子含量呈下降趋势;(2)稀盐型盐生植物白刺与泌盐型盐生植物柽柳以Na+为主要无机渗透调节物质,拒盐型耐盐植物沙枣与沙柳以K+为主要无机渗透调节物质;(3)可溶性糖是4种植物盐胁迫下共同的有机渗透调节物质,对沙柳和沙枣尤为重要;在高盐浓度(≥ 200 mmol·L-1NaCl)下,脯氨酸是沙枣叶片中重要的有机渗透调节剂;白刺叶片中甜菜碱含量随盐浓度升高明显增加,对提高白刺耐盐能力具有重要作用。4种不同类型耐盐植物在盐渍环境胁迫下所积累的渗透调节物质种类与数量差异明显,渗透调节方式与耐盐机制不同。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
银杏品种耐盐能力的研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
我国沿海是一个自然资源宝库 ,土地面积大 ,发展林业的潜力很大。要在这些地区建立和培育各种不同功能的人工林 (防护林、水土保持林、风景林及速生丰产林等 ) ,关键在于选择适宜于该立地条件生长的耐盐树种。近年来开展植物抗盐生理的研究已取得明显的进展 ,在植物耐盐机理、耐盐细胞系的培育、渗透调节基因的转移、野生植物抗盐基因的利用、盐生植物的开发以及利用生长调节剂来提高植物的耐盐性等方面获得了可喜的成果 (Crameretal.,1 986;刘友良等 ,1 987;John ,1 988;Gorham ,1 985 ;赵可夫等 ,1 989;沈惠娟 ,1 993)。但是对植物耐盐… 相似文献
7.
8.
渗透调节机制与植物的抗旱性研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在遭受水分胁迫条件下，植物体内存在着一系列的防御机制。对植物的渗透调节机制与植物抗旱性的生理调节机制进行了综述，介绍了甜菜碱和脯氨酸的渗透调节功能。 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
表达耐盐基因的转基因火炬松的再生 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
盐害是限制作物和树木分布和生产的重要因素。盐分过多导致细胞内水分缺失并影响许多重要的细胞代谢活动。本文利用火炬松作为模式植物建立了一套提高植物耐盐性的新技术。这一技术以火炬松合子胚为材料,利用农杆菌介导的转化方法将山犁醇脱氢酶和甘露醇脱氢酶基因转入火炬松。然后再生转化的愈伤组织和转基因植株。经DNA杂交证实的转基因植株被用于耐盐性试验,结果表明这些转基因的植株的耐盐性有明显的提高。这一技术对针叶树的遗传工程育种有重要的参考价值。图3表2参26。 相似文献
14.
Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide with high stability and strong water absorption properties that can improve the resistance of organisms to various abi-otic stresses.Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) plays important roles in trehalose metabolism and signaling.In this study,the full-length cDNA of ThTPS was cloned from Tamarix hispida Willd.A phylogenetic tree includ-ing ThTPS and 11 AtTPS genes from Arabidopsis indicated that the ThTPS protein had a close evolutionary relationship with AtTPS7.However,the function of AtTPS7 has not been determined.To analyze the abiotic stress tolerance function of ThTPS,the expression of ThTPS in T.hispida under salt and drought stress and JA,ABA and GA3 hormone stimu-lation was monitored by qRT-PCR.The results show that ThTPS expression was clearly induced by all five of these treatments at one or more times,and salt stress caused par-ticularly strong induction of ThTPS in the roots of T.hispida.The ThTPS gene was transiently overexpressed in T.his-pida.Both physiological indexes and staining results showed that ThTPS gene overexpression increased salt and osmotic stress tolerance in T.hispida.Overall,the ThTPS gene can respond to abiotic stresses such as salt and drought,and its overexpression can significantly improve salt and osmotic tolerance.These findings establish a foundation to better understand the responses of TPS genes to abiotic stress in plants. 相似文献
15.
1IntroductionABA(abscisicacid),oneofthegenerallyaccepted5phytohormones,regulatesmanyagronomicallyimportantcharactersofhigherplantdevelopment,includingthesynthesisofseedstorageproteinsandlipids,theenhancementofseeddesiccationtoleranceanddormancy,andtheinhibitionofthephasetransitionsfromembryonictogerminativegrowthandfromvegetativetoreproductivegrowth(Zhuetal.1997,1998,Shao2001a,b,Zhu2001,BaoandLi2002,Eckardt2002a,Finkelsteinetal.2002,GaoandLi2002,LiscumandReed2002,ShaoandLiang2002,Shaoeta… 相似文献
16.
We evaluated the osmotic adjustment capacity of leaves and roots of young olive (Olea europaea L.) trees during a period of water deficit and subsequent rewatering. The trials were carried out in Basilicata (40 degrees 24' N, 16 degrees 48' E) on 2-year-old self-rooted olive plants (cv. 'Coratina'). Plants were subjected to one of four drought treatments. After 13 days of drought, plants reached mean predawn leaf water potentials of -0.45 +/- 0.015 MPa (control), -1.65 +/- 0.021 (low stress), -3.25 +/- 0.035 (medium stress) and -5.35 +/- 0.027 MPa (high stress). Total osmotic adjustment increased with increasing severity of drought stress. Trees in the high stress treatment showed total osmotic adjustments ranging between 2.4 MPa at 0500 h and 3.8 MPa at 1800 h on the last day of the drought period. Osmotic adjustment allowed the leaves to reach leaf water potentials of about -7.0 MPa. Active osmotic adjustment at predawn decreased during the rewatering period in both leaves and roots. Stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate declined with increasing drought stress. Osmotic adjustment in olive trees was associated with active and passive osmotic regulation of drought tolerance, providing an important mechanism for avoiding water loss. 相似文献
17.
18.
低温胁迫下植物生理反应机理研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
温度作为一个重要的环境因子, 对植物生长发育起着重要作用。低温对植物造成的伤害影响着植物栽培、作物生产、花卉开花和果树结实等一系列活动, 迄今为止人们还没有找到根本解决方法。文中综述了近几年来国内外关于植物抗寒性与形态结构、膜系统、保护性酶系统、渗透调节物质、基因等因素关系的研究进展, 分析认为, 与抗寒性相关的各个因素最深入层次都涉及基因组序列排列、信号传导、基因表达。今后加强结合分子层面、代谢组学和栽培措施改善植物抗寒途径等方面的研究, 可为植物抗寒机理探索提供深层次基础理论参考。 相似文献
19.
【目的】了解杨树在干旱胁迫下矿质离子分布及其动态变化。【方法】以吴屯杨、新疆杨和荷兰杨为实验材料,在中度和重度干旱条件下测定了根、茎、叶和质外体的K^+、Ca^2+、Na^+和Mg^2+等4种离子含量的变化。【结果】干旱胁迫使K^+、Ca^2+和Na^+离子含量上升,Mg^2+含量下降,其中K^+和Ca^2+含量自胁迫开始明显升高,Na^+含量则在中度胁迫之后明显增加。离子在各器官分布情况为:K^+主要分布于杨树的叶片,Ca^2+、Na^+和Mg^2+主要分布于杨树根部,且离子分布存在品种间差异,荷兰杨和新疆杨中K^+分布为:叶>根>茎,而吴屯杨体内K^+分布则为:叶>茎>根;3种杨树中Ca^2+分布均为:根>叶>茎;吴屯杨和荷兰杨中Na^+分布为:根>茎>叶,新疆杨则为:根>叶>茎;在Mg^2+的分布上吴屯杨和新疆杨较为类似即:根>叶>茎,而荷兰杨为叶>根>茎。【结论】干旱胁迫下杨树首选吸收的离子是K^+和Ca^2+,K^+主要分布在杨树的叶片中,其次是根部,Ca^2+主要分布在杨树的根部。重度干旱胁迫下,杨树开始吸收Na^+,储存在杨树的根部。不同品种杨树之间离子的分布和吸收都存在品种差异。质外体作为离子的运输通道,在各干旱条件下运输4种矿质离子至杨树的其他部位,Mg^2+存在滞留在质外体中的情况。本研究可为植物在干旱胁迫下矿质离子吸收和分布的研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
20.
Leaf gas exchange, water relations and osmotic adjustment were studied in hydroponically grown Phillyrea latifolia L. plants exposed to 5 weeks of salinity stress (0, 80, 160, 240 and 320 mM NaCl) followed by 5 weeks of treatment with half-strength Hoagland solution. Whole-plant relative growth rate and root/shoot and lateral/structural root ratios were also evaluated. Net CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were markedly decreased by all of the salt treatments. Growth was also strongly depressed by all salt treatments, especially lateral root growth. Leaf water potential decreased soon after salinity stress was imposed, whereas there was a lag of several weeks before leaf osmotic potential decreased in response to the salt treatments. After 5 weeks of salinization, leaf turgor of salt-treated plants was similar to that of controls. Although Na+ + Cl- contributed little to the salt-induced changes in osmotic potential at full turgor (Psi(piFT)), the contributions of K+, mannitol (Man) and glucose (Glc) to Psi(piFT) markedly increased as external salinity increased. Salt accumulation was negligible in the youngest leaves, which mostly accumulated soluble carbohydrates and K+; in contrast, old leaves served as storage sinks for Na+ and Cl-. Photosynthetic performance of salt-treated plants fully recovered once salt was leached from the root zone, with the recovery rate depending on the severity of the salt stress previously experienced by the plants. Recovery of gas exchange occurred even though the leaves still had a salt load similar to that detected in leaves at the end of the 5-week salinity period, and had markedly lower concentrations of K+ and soluble carbohydrates than control leaves. We conclude that salt-induced water stress primarily controlled gas exchange of salt-treated P. latifolia leaves, whereas the salt load in the leaves did not cause irreversible damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. 相似文献