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模糊评判优化水酶法提取膨化大豆油脂和蛋白 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
针对水酶法同时提取大豆油与蛋白时,两种目标对工艺参数的优化有差别,因此应用模糊综合评判法对工艺参数进行双目标综合优化,得到同时兼顾高油脂提取率与高蛋白提取率的酶解工艺参数。其结果为：加酶量1.85%,酶解温度50℃,酶解时间3.6 h,料液比1︰6,pH值为9。此时,油脂提取率为92.76%左右,蛋白提取率为93.81%左右。利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析以及显微切片分别就蛋白水解状态对油脂释放影响机理进行了研究。通过研究可知,挤压膨化再粉碎后的大豆粉水解过程中油脂的释放取决于蛋白水解状态,经过挤压膨化后大豆细胞结构已经被较充分破坏,而大豆油脂与蛋白的作用没有被完全破坏,所以需要把蛋白充分水解才能使油脂释放聚集,因此挤压膨化后水酶法可以兼顾得到高油脂提取率和高蛋白提取率。 相似文献
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粉碎打浆是从鲜嫩植物茎叶中提取叶蛋白的主要工序。该研究以现有的秸秆揉碎机为原型，进行了青嫩植物的粉碎试验，依据试验结果，设计了提取叶蛋白的专用揉浆机，选定了其工艺参数。试验证明：该机能够满足工作要求。 相似文献
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该文通过中心组合设计及相应面分析,研究了碱法制备蚕蛹蛋白的浸提条件对蚕蛹蛋白浸提率的影响,得到了蚕蛹蛋白提取率的数学模型。优化了蚕蛹蛋白的浸提的条件,提高了碱法制备蚕蛹蛋白的蛋白提取率。结果表明NaOH浓度和液固比（V/m）对蚕蛹蛋白提取率影响显著（P＜0.05）。蚕蛹蛋白浸提的最佳工艺条件为：NaOH浓度1.03%、液固比（V/m）70︰1、浸提温度50℃、NaCl浓度0.070 mol/L。在此最佳工艺条件下蚕蛹蛋白的实际提取率达78.69%。利用优化工艺条件制备的桑蚕蛹蛋白,其蛋白含量为96.70%,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的47.1%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值为0.9,具有较好的应用价值。 相似文献
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碱法制备蚕蛹蛋白浸提条件的优化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
该文通过中心组合设计及相应面分析.研究了碱法制各蚕蛹蛋白的浸提条件对蚕蛹蛋白浸提率的影响,得到了蚕蛹蛋白提取率的数学模型.优化了蚕蛹蛋白的浸提的条件,提高了碱法制备蚕蛹蚩白的蛋白提取率.结果表明NaOH浓度和液固比(V/m)对蛋蛹蛋白提取率影响显著(P<0.05).蚕蛹蛋白浸提的最佳工艺条件为:NaOH浓度1.03%、液固比(V/m)70:1、没提温度50℃、NaC1浓度0.070moVL.在此最佳工艺条件下蚕蛹蛋白的实际提取率达78.69%.利用优化工艺条件制备的桑蚕蛹蛋白,其蛋白含量为96.70%,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的47.1%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值为0.9,具有较好的应用价值. 相似文献
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羊栖菜中岩藻甾醇、马尾藻甾醇以及水溶性多糖的综合提取工艺 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
以羊栖菜为原料从中依次提取岩藻甾醇，马尾藻甾醇及羊栖菜水溶性多糖，实现羊栖菜中甾醇和多糖的综合利用。采用硅胶柱层析、萃取以及重结晶等技术对上述成分进行分离纯化，借助元素分析、质谱、核磁共振以及红外光谱进行分析鉴定。并对及羊栖菜水溶性多糖的几种脱蛋白、脱色方法进行比较。通过正交试验对提取工艺进行优化。结果显示：在影响岩藻甾醇提取率的4个因素(时间、温度、料液比和乙醇浓度)中，料液比对提取率的影响最为显著，其次为乙醇浓度。提取岩藻甾醇最佳工艺为：时间4 h，温度60℃，90％乙醇浓度，料液比1∶20。羊栖菜多糖去蛋白方法以酶解与Sevag法结合效果较好；羊栖菜多糖脱色方法各方面综合考虑，大孔树脂较好。 相似文献
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基于可见光波段无人机遥感的植被信息提取 总被引：17，自引：22，他引：17
无人机遥感具有使用成本低、操作简单、获取影像速度快、地面分辨率高等传统遥感无法比拟的优势。该文通过分析仅含红光、绿光和蓝光3个可见光波段的无人机影像中植被与非植被的光谱特性,同时结合健康绿色植被的光谱特征,借鉴归一化植被指数NDVI的构造原理及形式,提出了一种综合利用红、绿、蓝3个可见光波段的归一化植被指数——可见光波段差异植被指数VDVI(visible-band difference vegetation index)。与其他基于可见光波段的植被指数,如过绿指数EXG(excess green)、归一化绿红差值指数NGRDI(normalized green-red difference index)、归一化绿蓝差值指数NGBDI(normalized green-blue difference index)和红绿比值指数RGRI(red-green ratio index)以及仅用绿光波段的提取结果进行对比分析,结果表明:VDVI植被提取精度高于其他可见光波段植被指数,且阈值在0附近,较易确定。为了验证VDVI的适用性与可靠性,选取与试验影像同一时期拍摄但不同区域的另一影像使用同样的方法提取植被信息。结果表明:VDVI对于仅含可见光波段无人机遥感影像的健康绿色植被信息具有较好的提取效果,提取精度可达90%以上,适用于仅含可见光波段无人机遥感影像的健康绿色植被信息提取。 相似文献
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基于低空无人机遥感技术的油菜机械直播苗期株数识别 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
植株数量识别是油菜机械直播效果和质量评估的关键.该文针对油菜机械直播田间植株数量检测中人工统计耗时、费工、效率低下的现实,通过自主搭建的低空无人机遥感平台采集油菜机械直播区域的遥感影像,基于超高分辨率(0.18 cm/pixel)遥感影像计算的颜色植被指数进行油菜目标识别及其形态特征信息提取.结合田间调查数据,采用逐步回归分析方法,建立了机械直播油菜在苗期的株数与遥感特征信息之间的关系.结果显示,油菜目标的株数与其外接矩形的长宽比、像素分布密度和周长栅格数具有较好的线性关系,回归模型的决定系数R2为0.803,并通过显著性检验,其标准估计误差为0.699.模型检验结果显示,观测值与预测值之间的R2为0.809,均方根误差RMSE为0.728.研究结果表明,利用集成超高分辨率传感器的低空无人机遥感平台,通过计算颜色植被指数并分析油菜目标数量与形态特征的相关性,能有效识别油菜机械直播的出苗株数,可为后续油菜机械直播效果的快速、准确评估提供技术支持. 相似文献
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Limestone quarrying reduces the land's capacity to support a complete functional ecosystem. Adding sewage sludge to mining residues facilitates the establishment of a vegetation cover and can stimulate C and N cycling.We aimed to evaluate the effects of three composted and three thermally dried sewage sludges, on some biological properties of two types of debris (extraction soil and trituration soil) from a limestone quarry. Lysimeters filled with debris-sludge mixtures and control soils were sampled immediately after preparation and after being left in the open for 13 months. Total carbohydrates (TCH), 0.5 M K2SO4 extractable (ECH) carbohydrates, 0.5 M K2SO4 extractable organic C (EOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial respiration (MR), β-glucosidase activity and β-galactosidase activity were determined immediately after sampling. The treated soils were also analyzed for their more general physicochemical characteristics. Adding sewage sludge clearly improved the physicochemical and biological properties of the residual soil and the effect of the type of sludge was greater than that of the type of soil. The sludge effect was generally more durable over the trituration soil. The sludge effect decreased the most in MR and EOC followed by MBC and ECH. Total carbohydrates showed the least enhancement but the sludge effect on this endpoint had the smaller decrease with time. Root exudates and plant debris contributed to β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase activities in the treated soils. Activities present in mixtures partly corresponded to enzymes free in the soil aqueous face. β-Glucosidase was also partly associated with humified organic matter. Thirteen months after sludge addition a fraction of the organic matter present in soils was still moderately labile. Results observed in BMC and MR suggests the sludge did not cause major toxic effects on residual soils. The sludge effect differed with the pre and post treatments of the sludges; thermal drying made the sludge organic matter more easily decomposable. 相似文献
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精确提取梯田对于水土保持动态监测和评价非常必要,建立黄土高原小流域梯田提取技术流程可为水土流失防治提供技术支持。以甘肃省天水市水土保持科学试验站坚家山小流域为研究区域,采用无人机影像数据,基于尺度参数评估工具以影像的纹理特征为输入层,确定最优分割尺度参数;选用光谱特征和可见光植被指数为分类特征,使用面向对象分类方法对梯田进行提取。结果表明：(1)以局部方差变化率101作为多尺度分割的尺度参数时,梯田边界明显,光谱、纹理和形状特征对于描绘梯田边界具有巨大的潜力;(2)采用可见光植被指数植被颜色指数(CIVE)、超绿指数(EXG)、超绿超红差分指数(EXGR)、绿蓝比值指数(GBRI)、绿红比值指数(GRRI)、归一化蓝绿差异指数(NGBDI)、可见光波段差异植被指数(VDVI)、Woebbecke指数(WI)分别作为梯田提取的分类特征,其中,EXG植被指数精度最高,梯田提取精度为72.60%,并提出一种基于最邻近分类器以综合指数(CIVE、WI、EXG、EXGR)为分类特征,建立分类阈值的梯田提取方法,梯田提取精度为91.20%,相较于以单植被指数的分类方法精度提高18.60%。研究基于... 相似文献
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The effects of wheat starch components on the filtration characteristics of wheat starch hydrolysates were investigated with a model-based approach. The filtration rate was not affected by the removal of the pentosans or by altering the conformation of the protein. On the other hand, the filtration rate increased when a hydrolysate was defatted with chloroform or butanol. Some commercially available enzymes also increased the filtration rate. The filtration rate of potato starch hydrolysates decreased when gluten, pentosans, solubles, or propanol extract from defatted wheat starch were added. The latter had by far the largest effect. The composition of this extract was 65% lipid and 11% protein. The main lipid in wheat starch is lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). This single-chain lipid forms micelles above a concentration of 0.025 g/kg. The filtration rate decreased when LPC was added to potato starch hydrolysates or glucose solutions at concentrations above the critical micelle concentration. This effect of LPC on glucose solutions proves that the filtration characteristics are not related to the formation of amylose-lipid complexes. Therefore, micelle formation must be responsible for the effect of LPC on the filtration rate. The critical micelle concentration is only 2.5% of the amount of lysophospholipids in wheat starch hydrolysates. Thus, almost all of these lipids have to be removed from wheat starch hydrolysates to increase the filtration rate. 相似文献
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京津冀MODIS长时序增强型植被指数拟合重建方法适用性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
长时间序列植被指数拟合重建的结果可为植被变化动态监测及物候信息提取、生物量信息提取、农作物产量预测及面积估算、生态质量评价及生态系统碳循环研究等提供更精准、更可靠的数据来源,从而有效反映生态环境质量。MODIS EVI数据虽经过最大值合成(MVC)处理,但仍存在云、冰雪、气溶胶等噪声。该文基于Timesat软件中非对称高斯函数拟合法(AG)、双Logistic函数拟合法(DL)、SG滤波法(SG)3种方法对京津冀2001—2015年MODIS EVI时间序列数据进行拟合重建,从时间序列、空间格局两个维度,并结合数理统计方法,对比分析了不同方法的拟合效果。结果表明:噪声比与拟合重建的方法无明显相关关系。在去噪效果和保真性、拟合优度等方面,AG拟合和DL拟合整体无明显差异,在部分像元点上AG拟合表现出更好的重建效果。SG方法可以更有效的保留原始植被特征。3种方法重建后的效果表现出与地类空间分布相关的差异性。对于京津冀地区长时序数据,AG拟合在人类扰动较小的草地、森林和灌木地区域表现出更好的重建效果,SG方法在人类活动干扰更强的耕地区域重建效果更优。 相似文献
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为研究超高压处理对提高绿茶汁品质的影响,分别以料液比为1︰15和1︰50的绿茶水为原材料,采用常温常压振摇（冷提）、水浴间隔振摇（热提）和超高压（100、300和500 MPa）3种处理方法提取绿茶汁,比较其品质化学成分,分析表明：以相同料液比比较,超高压提取的绿茶汁中游离氨基酸含量均高于冷提和热提,水溶性糖含量低于冷提和热提,茶多酚得率高于冷提。色差分析表明,超高压提取的绿茶汁黄绿色度比冷提和热提的更深。超高压提取对残留的多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性均具有不同程度的钝化作用。 相似文献
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Salcedo-Chávez B Osuna-Castro JA Guevara-Lara F Domínguez-Domínguez J Paredes-López O 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(22):6515-6520
This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of extraction pH (7.8-9.2) and precipitation pH (4.3-5.7) on four selected quality attributes of protein isolates from amaranth seeds (Amaranthus cruentus) such as protein content (PC), whiteness index (WI), enthalpy of transition (EN), and denaturation temperature (DT). Ten different treatments involving extraction and precipitation pH combinations were analyzed by a central composite design; the experimental data were fitted by a second-order model using a least-squares method for each one of the four dependent variables. Response surface methodology was used for the optimization process; in addition, a common optimum value for the four dependent variables was obtained utilizing the desirability method. A confirmatory test showed that the generated regression equations could adequately predict performance of this isoelectric precipitation method. The results indicate that extraction pH and precipitation pH showed an important effect on PC, WI, and EN. However, the different combinations did not significantly affect the DT. Values of 9.2 and 8.0 for extraction pH and 5.7 for precipitation pH produced the best overall result for all responses. Finally, the results have shown that it is possible to obtain protein isolates from A. cruentus seeds at optimized values of extraction pH and precipitation pH, which presented a high protein content and good physicochemical properties. 相似文献