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1.
The clinical outcomes in 112 dogs weighing less than 35 pounds that were presented with cervical intervertebral disk protrusions were retrospectively evaluated. Although the second to third cervical (C2 to C3) intervertebral space was the most common site (27%) of disk protrusion, 57% of disk protrusions presented were caudal to the fourth cervical (C4) vertebra. Dogs with cranial intervertebral disk protrusions, including the C2 to C3 and C3 to C4 intervertebral disk spaces, responded favorably to ventral slot decompression. By comparison, caudal intervertebral disk protrusions (within the C4 to the seventh cervical [C7] intervertebral disk spaces) responded less favorably to ventral slot decompression, demonstrating significantly more severe clinical effects in motor function, comfort, recovery, and long-term outcome following surgery. Significant improvement in clinical results was seen in caudal disk protrusions when additional surgical distraction and stabilization were provided following ventral slot decompression.  相似文献   

2.
ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare perioperative morbidity and mortality in dogs undergoing cervical and thoracolumbar spinal surgery.Study designProspective case series.Animals157 dogs undergoing cervical or thoracolumbar spinal surgery.MethodsData were collected sequentially on canine cases presented from the Neurology Section of the North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for anesthesia and surgery for cervical spinal cord disease. Simultaneously, data were collected on all thoracolumbar spinal surgery cases during the same time period. Data included signalment, drugs administered, surgical approach, disease process, cardiac arrhythmias during anesthesia, and outcome.ResultsData were collected from 164 surgical events in 157 dogs. There were 52 cervical approaches; four dorsal and 48 ventral. All thoracolumbar surgeries were approached dorsolaterally. Four dogs 4/52 (7.6%) undergoing a cervical approach did not survive to discharge. Two dogs (2/8; 25%) underwent atlanto-axial (AA) stabilization and suffered cardiovascular arrest and two dogs (2/38; 5.2%) undergoing cervical ventral slot procedures were euthanized following anesthesia and surgery due to signs of aspiration pneumonia. All dogs undergoing thoracolumbar surgery survived until discharge (112/112). Mortality in dogs undergoing cervical spinal surgery was greater compared with dogs undergoing thoracolumbar spinal surgery (p = 0.009), however, in dogs undergoing decompressive disc surgery, intraoperative death rates were not different between dogs undergoing a cervical compared with thoracolumbar approaches (p = 0.32) nor was there a significant difference in overall mortality (p = 0.07).Conclusion and clinical relevanceOverall, dogs undergoing cervical spinal surgery were less likely to survive until discharge compared with dogs undergoing thoracolumbar spinal surgery. Mortality in dogs undergoing cervical intervertebral disc decompression surgery was no different than for dogs undergoing thoracolumbar intervertebral disc decompression surgery. However, dogs undergoing cervical intervertebral disc decompression surgery should be considered at risk for aspiration pneumonia.  相似文献   

3.
Cervical intervertebral disk disease is commonly treated surgically by ventral decompression through a ventral slot. Nine dogs with documented vertebral subluxation following surgical creation of a ventral slot are reported. The location of the subluxation was at the fourth cervical (C4) to fifth cervical (C5) intervertebral space in two dogs, C5 to sixth cervical (C6) intervertebral space in four dogs, and C6 to seventh cervical (C7) intervertebral space in three dogs. The ventral slot width to vertebral body width ratio ranged from 0.39 to 0.80, with the ratio being 0.50 or greater in seven of eight cases evaluated radiographically. Surgical reduction and stabilization were performed in seven of nine dogs.  相似文献   

4.
Objective: To report slot morphometry, degree of spinal decompression, and factors influencing decompression after partial lateral corpectomy (PLC) of the thoracolumbar spine in dogs with intervertebral disc disease. Study Design: Case series. Animals: Dogs (n=51) with predominantly ventrally located spinal cord compression. Methods: PLC (n=60) were performed. Spinal cord compression was determined by computed tomographic (CT) myelography (n=46), myelography (n=2) or magnetic resonance imaging (n=3). Postsurgical CT images were used to evaluate slot dimensions and orientation, and spinal cord decompression. The influence of age, body weight, breed, breed type (chondrodystrophic, nonchondrodystrophic), disc location, lateralization and mineralization, presurgical compression, slot morphometry, and surgeon on degree of decompression were evaluated. Results: Mean slot depth was 64.1% of vertebral body width; mean height, 43.0% of vertebral body height; mean cranial extension, 29.5%; median caudal extension, 22.0% vertebral body length; mean angulation from horizontal, 6.3°. Decompression was satisfactory in 90% of sites after PLC (58% complete, 32% good). None of the analyzed factors significantly influenced decompression. All lumbar spine PLC resulted in complete or good decompression compared with 83% after thoracic PLC (P=.052). Deeper slots tended to allow more complete decompression (P=.058). Conclusions: Thoracolumbar PLC results in satisfactory decompression in most cases with a better outcome in the lumbar spine than the thoracic spine. Achieving a slot depth equal to 2/3 of vertebral body width might facilitate complete decompression.  相似文献   

5.
Objective— To evaluate the use of a modified K-wire spacer for maintaining intervertebral distraction after ventral decompression and during stabilization as a treatment for disc-associated wobbler syndrome in large breed dogs.
Study Design— A retrospective study.
Animals— Dogs (n=7) with disc-associated wobbler syndrome.
Methods— Medical records (2003–2006) of dogs treated by a modified surgical method were evaluated. Data retrieved were signalment, onset and duration of clinical signs, neurologic abnormalities, diagnostic methods, surgical procedure, immediate, and long-term (≥1 year) postoperative clinical and radiographic outcome.
Results— Mean duration of clinical signs was 4.8 months. Neurologic signs included ataxia (2), ambulatory tetraparesis (2), and non-ambulatory tetraparesis (3). Three dogs had disc protrusion in 2 sites, 2 dogs had the procedure in 1 location and stabilization of both affected sites. All dogs improved dramatically and remained for 1–3 years. One dog had recurrence of cervical discomfort 13 months later.
Conclusions— Despite the limited number of dogs, overall initial successful outcome with only 1 dog having mild recurrence 13 months later supports further use and evaluation of this technique.
Clinical Relevance— Distraction using a K-wire spacer after ventral decompression followed by stabilization should be considered in dogs with disc-associated wobbler syndrome to prevent collapse of the intervertebral space.  相似文献   

6.
Objective— To compare the biomechanical properties of cervical arthroplasty to a ventral slot procedure and pin‐polymethylmethacrylate (pin‐PMMA) fixation. Sample Population— Fresh cadaveric cervical (C2–T1) spines from 6 large dogs. Methods— Four spinal conditions were studied in each spinal specimen: intact, disk arthroplasty, ventral slot, and fixation with smooth pin‐PMMA at C5–C6 intervertebral space. Axial compression, torsion, flexion–extension, and lateral bending moments were sequentially tested on each specimen for the 4 spinal conditions. Data from the C3–C4, C4–C5, C5–C6, and C6–C7 vertebral motion units (VMUs) were compared among treatments. Results— In axial compression and torsion, the ventral slot procedure allowed significantly less motion than intact, pin‐PMMA, and arthroplasty groups at C5–C6. In lateral bending and flexion–extension, pin‐PMMA had the least motion of C5–C6, followed by the arthroplasty group, intact spine, and ventral slot, all of which were significantly different from each other. Overall, the artificial disk was better able to mimic the behavior of the intact specimens compared with the ventral slot and pin‐PMMA, producing similar displacements in axial compression and rotation in torsion, but more limited motion than intact in flexion–extension and in lateral bending. Conclusion— Cervical spine specimens with an implanted prosthesis have biomechanical behaviors more similar to an intact spine compared with spinal specimens with ventral slot and pin‐PMMA procedures. Cervical arthroplasty may then preserve some of the motion in the affected area after neural decompression while providing distraction. Clinical Relevance— Cervical arthroplasty should be further investigated in vivo to determine if it is a viable alternative to the ventral slot or pin‐PMMA procedures for surgical treatment of cervical diseases in dogs and in particular for treatment of disk‐associated caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy.  相似文献   

7.
A study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of two surgical techniques for the treatment of caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy (CCSM): ventral decompression (slot) and vertebral distraction and stabilisation with a screw and washer (screw/washer). Twenty-eight dobermanns managed surgically for disc-associated CCSM during a four-year period were studied retrospectively. The maximum postoperative period was 40 months. Cases were excluded if a minimum follow-up of 24 months after surgery could not be made. A 'slot' took a longer time to perform and had a higher rate of immediate postoperative deterioration. Duration of hospital stay was similar for both procedures. At six months after surgery the two techniques were comparable; 12/14 (screw/washer) and 13/14 (slot) patients were deemed to have a satisfactory outcome. Recurrence of cervical spinal cord disease was higher in the screw/washer dogs. At one year after surgery the recurrence rate was zero (slot) and 5/14 (screw/washer), respectively. At two years after surgery 4/14 of the slot dogs had deteriorated compared to 7/14 of the screw/washer dogs. Where Investigated, the cause of deterioration was either a domino disc lesion or vertebral endplate collapse and dorsal displacement of the screw and washer.  相似文献   

8.
The aim of the study is the assessment of treatment effectiveness of disc extrusion with the method of ventral cervical decompression (ventral slot). Surgical procedure was performed on 15 dogs--10 chondrodystrophoid and 5 achondrodystrophoid. Clinical signs and localization of lesions were similar to those reported earlier. All of the dogs, but one which died during the operation, were cured. Percentage of dogs which recovered within 7 days since the surgery is slightly higher than in the previous reports. Atypical mass of nucleus pulposus displaced to the vertebral canal is described and the observation of atypical course of worsening after fenestration is presented.  相似文献   

9.
A modified lateral spinal decompression technique was performed in 61 dogs with thoracolumbar disc protrusion. Myelography combined with plain radiography and neurological examination determined the side of greatest compression in 93 per cent of the dogs. Disc material was retrieved in 98 per cent of the cases. Of the 35 non-ambulatory dogs, 95 per cent regained the ability to walk. The recovery time was three weeks.  相似文献   

10.
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11.
The aim of this paper was to assess the effectiveness of treatment of Type I (according to Hansen) intervertebral disc extrusion using the fenestration method. The evaluated clinical material included 37 chondrodystrophic dogs in which multiple fenestration (from 2 to 6 intervertebral spaces) was performed. Dachshunds comprised 86.5% of patients. All dogs were administered corticosteroids during the operation. A mass similar to a slightly jelly-like yogurt, cottage cheese or plaster-like consistency was extracted. In one case a post-surgical pyogenic infection of the wound occured. In two cases, a deterioration in the neurological state followed the fenestration procedure of the cervical spine. In one case of thoraco-lumbar spine fenestration, a deterioration of clinical state was found. Recovery was observed after disc extrusion from the cervical spine in 8 out of 11 dogs, from the thoraco-lumbar spine in 12 out of 14 dogs with the 2nd grade clinical signs and in 11 out of 12 dogs with the 3rd grade clinical sings. In 6 dogs, recurrence of first or second grade clinical signs occurred, but only half of them had to undergo treatment. The probability of dog recovery did not depend on the degree of symptom intensity in a statistically significant way (p=0.11) or on the duration of the disease before the surgical treatment (p=0.87).  相似文献   

12.
An eight-year-old springer spaniel was presented with acute-onset subcutaneous emphysema of five days' duration. The dog had undergone ventral slot decompression of the C5-C6 intervertebral disc space eight weeks before presentation. Cervical tracheoscopy demonstrated perforation of the dorsal tracheal membrane of the distal cervical trachea. Perforation of the dorsal tracheal membrane secondary to suture knot irritation was confirmed by exploratory surgery. Repair of the perforation was performed by plication of the dorsal tracheal membrane. The dog was re-presented nine days after the initial surgery with acute recurrence of subcutaneous emphysema. Air leakage at the plicated dorsal tracheal membrane was observed at exploratory surgery, and a bipedicle sternothyroideus muscle flap was used to support the plicated membrane. Recovery was uneventful and 10 months postoperatively there had been no recurrence of clinical signs.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE: To describe a technique for thoracolumbar lateral corpectomy and to evaluate its use for treatment of chronic thoracolumbar disk disease in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Fifteen dogs with signs of chronic thoracolumbar disk herniation. METHODS: After a dorsal or lateral approach to the spine, a lateral slot was created in 2 adjacent vertebral bodies on either side of the herniated disk and extruded/protruded material was removed. Data collected included history, duration of clinical signs, presurgical assessment of neurologic status, postsurgical neurologic status, complications, and outcome. RESULTS: Ambulatory capacity was maintained or regained, and neurologic status improved by 1 grade (3 dogs), 2 grades (8), 3 grades (2), or 4 grades (2). Eleven dogs were considered free of disease. A seroma in 1 dog was the sole complication observed. CONCLUSIONS: Lateral corpectomy permits relatively easy removal of protruded-extruded disk material from within the vertebral canal in chronic disk disease without further iatrogenic injury to the spinal cord. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Lateral corpectomy is an alternative to dorsal decompression for treatment of ventral and lateroventral thoracolumbar chronic disk disease in dogs.  相似文献   

14.
Sixty-four dogs with caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy (CCSM) caused by chronic degenerative disc disease were treated with ventral decompression (n = 20), linear traction and interbody screw stabilization (n = 7), or linear traction and plastic plate stabilization (n = 37). Interbody screw stabilization was ineffective in treating CCSM because of an unacceptably high rate of implant failures. Ventral decompression or linear traction and plastic plate stabilization were effective in the treatment of most patients with mild to moderate neurologic deficits (neck pain, paraparesis, or ambulatory tetraparesis). Although these techniques were also used successfully in some patients with severe neurologic deficits (weakly ambulatory tetraparesis or nonambulatory tetraparesis), variable success rates and prolonged postoperative recovery periods were noted.  相似文献   

15.
OBJECTIVE: To determine complications associated with anal sacculectomy in dogs with non-neoplastic anal sac disease and compare complication rates for open versus closed techniques. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 95 dogs. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed for information on signalment, history, physical examination findings, type of anal sac disease, surgical technique (closed, standard open [surgery performed prior to 19801, or modified open [surgery performed after 19801), and postoperative complications. RESULTS: In 57 dogs, a closed technique was used, and in 38, an open technique was used. Only 3 dogs developed short-term complications (excessive drainage, scooting and inflammation, and seroma formation), and 14 developed long-term complications (continued licking of the surgery site, fecal incontinence, fistulation, and stricture formation). Development of postoperative complications was significantly associated with surgical technique. Dogs that underwent standard open sacculectomy prior to 1980 were 13.67 times as likely to have a long-term complication as were dogs that underwent closed sacculectomy. Weight of the dog, type of anal sac disease, age at the time of surgery, and whether the wound was closed surgically were not significantly associated with whether dogs developed postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that anal sacculectomy is a safe and effective treatment for non-neoplastic anal sac disease in dogs and is associated with a low rate of complications. The standard open technique was associated with the greatest number of complications, whereas complication rates for the closed and modified open techniques were similar to each other.  相似文献   

16.
OBJECTIVE: To describe an intraoperative ultrasound imaging technique during dorsal laminectomy in 2 dogs with caudal cervical vertebral instability and malformation (CCVIM, "Wobbler syndrome"). STUDY DESIGN: Clinical case report. SAMPLE POPULATION: Two dogs with CCVIM. RESULTS: On neurologic examination there was tetraparesis with upper motor neuron signs in the thoracic limbs and lower motor neuron signs in the pelvic limbs in dog 1, and hyperreflexia of the rear limbs, normoreflexia of the right front limb, and hyporeflexia of the left front limb of dog 2. Both dogs had signs of marked cervical pain and radiographic signs of cervical spinal cord compression. Intraoperative ultrasonography of the spinal cord revealed protruding intervertebral disc at C5-6 (dog 1) and C6-7 (dog 2), and the parallel borders of the spinal cord and central canal after decompression. Continuous dorsal laminectomy (CDL) resulted in improvement over 16 months (dog 1) and 20 months (dog 2). CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative ultrasonographic imaging of the cervical spinal cord after CDL was helpful in determining adequate decompression (postlaminectomy) of the spinal cord in relation to the ventral and lateral compressive component(s) and to image the protruding intervertebral disc. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intraoperative ultrasonography can be used to provide valuable information on the spinal cord and surrounding soft tissues for the neurosurgeon.  相似文献   

17.
A Rottweiler dog was presented with an 8 week history of hindlimb ataxia. Neurological examination localised the lesion to the cervical spinal cord. Myelography demonstrated dynamic compressive lesions at C5-6 and C6-7 consistent with a diagnosis of caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy. Distraction/stabilisation of both discs was performed using interbody polymethyl methacrylate. Both implants subsequently failed leading to extrusion of the remaining dorsal annulus fibrosus of the C5-6 intervertebral disc and nonambulatory tetraparesis. A ventral slot combined with distraction/stabilisation using screws and polymethyl methacrylate was performed and resulted in nearly full neurological recovery.  相似文献   

18.
Hemilaminectomy was performed to treat cervical disc disease in 18 small dogs. Cervical spinal cord compression was characterized by ventral and/or lateral compression on myelograms. The duration of follow-up examinations ranged from 2 to 72 months. The optimal response time after surgery ranged from 2 days to 3 months. The outcome was determined to be excellent if clinical signs resolved and the dog had completely improved. The outcome was determined to be good if the dog improved, but was not clinically normal or if the degree of the owner's satisfaction was insufficient. Fourteen dogs achieved complete neurologic recovery without complications. One dog was initially neurologically worse after surgery, but ultimately improved to normal neurologic status. These outcomes were judged to be excellent. In the remaining 3 dogs, 2 dogs had relapse of neck pain and one dog remained mildly ataxic. These outcomes were judged to be good. These results suggest that hemilaminectomy is an effective option for surgical treatment of spinal cord compression secondary to cervical disc disease in small dogs.  相似文献   

19.
Discal cysts, which lie directly over intervertebral discs, are rare. Two old dogs with tetraparesis were referred to our facility. In both animals, magnetic resonance imaging revealed intraspinal extradural cystic mass lesions that were dorsal to degenerative intervertebral discs at the C3-C4 level. These lesions had low signal intensity on T1-weighted images, and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. A ventral slot approach was used to perform surgical decompression, after which the symptoms improved remarkably. Discal cysts should be included in the differential diagnosis of dogs with cervical pain and tetraparesis. One effective treatment for discal cysts is surgical intervention.  相似文献   

20.
A transvertebral screw and interbody washer technique was used to stabilise the vertebrae and maintain the intervertebral space in 34 adult dobermann pinschers with cervical spondylopathy. The long term success of the procedure was 50 per cent. Pre-operatively three dogs were considered mildly ataxic, 16 moderately ataxic, 13 severely ataxic and two non-ambulatory. Thirty dogs had radiographic changes of calcified disc, vertebral malalignment or narrow intervertebral disc space and all dogs had myelographic abnormalities in the caudal cervical spine. Vertebral malalignment and narrow intervertebral space correlated closely with myelographic cord compression. However, compressive lesions were not identified in 11 cases on plain films. Follow-up was available on 30 dogs of which 25 showed neurological improvement. This was temporary in 10 cases which were destroyed two weeks to three years following surgery.  相似文献   

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