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青海湖裸鲤人工繁育试验报告 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
青海湖裸鲤属鲤形目、鲤科、裂腹鱼亚科、裸鲤属,青海湖裸鲤(以下简称裸鲤)具有很强的抗盐碱能力,是青海湖特有的重要经济鱼类,有着极高的开发和推广前景.由于青海湖独特的自然环境也使裸鲤形成了在盐碱水域生长发育,溯河在淡水中产卵的繁殖习性.捕捞野生成熟亲鱼进行裸鲤人工繁殖在国内已取得了成功,但是在全淡水环境下养殖培育的成熟个体能否进行人工繁殖,繁殖效果如何均未见报道.为进一步研究裸鲤的人工繁殖技术,为裸鲤的推广打下基础,我们于2006年3月至5月,在石家庄市井陉县鱼泉水产公司采用全淡水环境下发育成熟的裸鲤进行了人工繁殖试验. 相似文献
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《海洋渔业》2021,43(3)
为探索SLC蛋白抑制剂对青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris przewalskii)肠道HCO~-_3排泄及酸碱调节的影响,实验设置淡水组及青海湖盐碱水组(以下简称湖水组),通过注射4,4′-二异硫氢基芪-2,2′-二磺酸(4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid disodium salt hydrate, DIDS)控制SLC家族(solute carrier family)蛋白活性,检测裸鲤肠道排泄HCO~-_3含量、血液血气指标以及肠道SLC4A1、SLC4A2、SLC4A4、SLC26A6基因相对表达量变化。结果显示,湖水组裸鲤的血液pH较淡水对照组显著升高(P0.05),P_(CO_2)显著降低(P0.05),肠道排泄HCO~-_3浓度显著升高(P0.05),肠道SLC4A1、SLC4A4、SLC26A6基因相对表达量显著上调(P0.05)。在注射DIDS后,淡水组裸鲤血液pH及HCO~-_3浓度显著上升(P0.05),P_(CO_2)显著降低(P0.05);湖水组裸鲤血液pH及HCO~-_3浓度也显著上升(P0.05),肠道排泄HCO~-_3浓度显著下降(P0.05)。结果表明,裸鲤在盐碱环境下会增加肠道HCO~-_3排泄,但在SLC家族蛋白受到抑制后排泄量降低,相应的血液pH升高、酸碱失衡。研究结果进一步证明,SLC家族蛋白可能对青海湖裸鲤适应高盐碱环境发挥了补偿性作用。 相似文献
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青海湖是我国最大的内陆湖泊,青海湖区的气候、环境条件和水体条件孕育了独特的鱼类资源。青海湖及其附属的河流、淡水湖泊水体中生长着6种鱼类:即青海湖裸鲤、甘子河裸鲤和4种高原鳅,其中:青海湖裸鲤是水生生物的主体。青海湖裸鲤体形大,肉质细嫩, 相似文献
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青海湖是我国最大的内陆湖泊，青海湖区的气候、环境条件和水体条件孕育了独特的鱼类资源。青海湖及其附属的河流、淡水湖泊水体中生长着6种鱼类：即青海湖裸鲤、甘子河裸鲤和4种高原鳅，其中：青海湖裸鲤是水生生物的主体。青海湖裸鲤体形大，肉质细嫩，营养丰富，味道鲜美，具有渔业捕捞价值，成为青海省渔业的主要捕捞开发对象。青海湖裸鲤在来开发期的资源量为19．9万吨：上世纪60年代初，青海湖裸鲤的资源量在7．5万吨左右，平均每平方公里18吨（1960-1961年），到2004年渔业资源的数量5017吨，平均每平方公里1．08吨。比在未开发期的资源量减少97％。 相似文献
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以青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris przewalskii)为研究对象,采用半定量和定量PCR法研究HCO-3分泌相关基因SLC4(solute carrier family 4)和SLC26(solute carrier family 26)家族slc4a1、slc4a2、slc4a4和slc26a6基因组织分布情况,并对不同盐碱环境下肠道中SLC基因家族的表达情况进行定量分析,揭示青海湖裸鲤适应盐碱环境的肠道调节机制。结果表明,slc4a1、slc4a2、slc4a4和slc26a6基因在青海湖祼鲤鳃、肝脏、肾脏和肠道等多个组织中均有表达,且在肠道中的表达量较高,其中slc26a6在肠道中高表达,而在鳃中表达量极低,表现出组织特异性;在碱度组[盐度1.31±0.02,碳酸盐碱度(30.66±0.08)mmol·L-1]、盐度组[盐度15.02±0.02,碳酸盐碱度(2.12±0.05)mmol·L-1]和湖水组[盐度14.84±0.03,碳酸盐碱度(29.57±0.11)mmol·L-1]青海湖裸鲤肠slc4a1、slc4a2、slc4a4和slc26a6基因的表达量在胁迫4 d过程中均呈现出先升高后回落的现象,其中湖水组裸鲤肠SLC4、SLC26家族基因表达量上调最为明显,尤其是slc26a6基因表达量最高上升为对照组的4.9倍,同时,湖水组裸鲤直肠排泄HCO-3浓度也最高,说明盐碱环境下青海湖裸鲤通过肠道Cl–/HCO-3交换子(slc4a1、slc4a2、slc26a6)、Na+–HCO-3联合转运子(slc4a4)分泌和排泄机体内积累的碱,这一调节途径有助于青海湖裸鲤补偿因水环境中盐碱度升高而造成的渗透及酸碱失衡。 相似文献
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花鲈为沿海及河口的名贵经济鱼类 ,可驯化生活于淡水作为池塘养殖对象。本文对花鲈在池塘养殖条件下仔稚鱼的摄食节律和生长进行了初步观察 ,显示其体长和体重的相关关系式为 :W =0 8831×10 5L3 150 1,体长生长方程为 :Lt =2 5 1 876 0× [1-e0 0 63 5(t-0 0 3 0 1) ],体重生长方程为Wt =32 0 6 2 6 7× [1-e0 0 63 5(t-0 0 3 0 1) ]3 150 1,生长拐点为 18 0 4周。幼鱼常集群摄食 ,其摄食强度高峰为上午 9∶0 0及下午 5∶0 0。 相似文献
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斜带石斑鱼仔鱼的摄食节律及日摄食量 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
鱼类的日摄食节律分为白天摄食、晚上摄食、晨昏摄食和无明显节律四种类型。为了解斜带石斑鱼早期发育阶段的日摄食量及昼夜摄食规律,对孵化15天的仔鱼(全长4.86±0.38mm)在不同昼夜节律下的日摄食量和摄食节律进行了研究。结果如下:实验包括自然昼夜组(对照组)、持续光照组和持续黑暗组,各组对轮虫的日摄食量分别为142个/尾、156个/尾和47个/尾;白天摄食量比例分别为总摄食量的91.3%,80.5%和71.7%。对照组在正午(14:00)出现一个明显的摄食高峰;持续光照组在下午(16:00～18:00)出现明显的摄食小高峰;黑暗组则未出现明显的摄食峰。持续光照组在夜间的群摄食率明显高于对照组;黑暗组在白天的群摄食率明显低于对照组。持续光照组摄食强度小幅度增加,日摄食量为对照组的109.9%;而黑暗组摄食强度则明显下降,日摄食量为对照组的33.1%。综上所述,斜带石斑仔鱼摄食节律明显,属于典型的白天摄食类型;仔鱼的摄食与光照有着紧密的关系。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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William King V David L. Berlinsky Craig V. Sullivan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(6):489-500
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass. 相似文献
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Cardiac,ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response. 相似文献
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Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献