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2018年凉州区加强畜间包虫病的防控工作,采取“犬犬驱虫,月月投药”的防控措施来切断病原棘球绦虫在犬与家畜之间的传播途径,降低家畜感染的概率。通过对各镇有主犬吡喹酮的投喂,对其投药后5 d内的粪便进行无害化处理,起到消灭包虫病虫卵的作用,从而避免家畜接触到成活包虫病虫卵,最后达到防控效果。为了及时跟踪凉州区畜间包虫病的防控工作,全面了解防控效果,为进一步加强包虫病的防控提供科学依据,我们在开展包虫病防控工作的同时进行流行病学调查。 相似文献
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《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2017,(10)
本文重点调查了青海省门源县包虫病的感染情况,探讨了从控制传染源、免疫、屠宰检疫等多方面采取预防手段来综合防治包虫病,并提出了坚持"预防为主,防治结合"的原则,对全县犬类"月月驱虫、犬犬投药",全面提高农牧民防控知识和自我保护意识,切实做到群防群控,以减少包虫病的感染。 相似文献
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通过对民乐县畜间包虫病流行病学现状的调查,认清了我县畜间包虫病处于低流行形势,为了控制并消灭包虫病,结合我县的实际情况,提出了加强对相关人员的宣传、对农区的每条家养犬进行月月驱虫、对辖区内的羊只进行免疫预防、对屠宰中发现的病变脏器及时进行无害化处理等四项综合性防控措施。 相似文献
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包虫病是新疆地区人畜间流行的重要疫病之一。2005年以来，国家以及新疆地方各级政府加大了对包虫病的防控力度，取得了良好的防控成效。现有的流行病学调查表明，新疆细粒棘球绦虫的基因型主要为G1、G3和G6,多房棘球绦虫有16个单倍型。囊型包虫病在儿童、1岁以内绵羊的感染率分别由控制前的6.7%和4.5%下降到2.2%和1.3%;家犬细粒棘球绦虫的感染率由11.6%下降至1.6%。对终末宿主犬主要采取“犬犬投药、月月驱虫”的策略；对中间宿主绵羊实行强制免疫的防控措施；对患病脏器进行无害化处理；加大宣传、科学防范、加强联防联控等措施。泡型包虫病在野生动物为主的病原循环链间传播，目前尚缺乏有效的措施用于泡型包虫病的防控。 相似文献
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了解当前四川省家畜包虫病流行状况,为国家防治包虫病行动计划和省包虫病综合防控工程规划的启动和实施提供基础数据。通过眼观、触摸、刀切囊肿的方法检查定点屠宰场牛、羊的肝、肺包虫病感染情况,采用细粒棘球绦虫犬粪抗原抗体夹心ELISA检查犬感染情况,采用问卷、实地走访、座谈等方式进行基线调查。若尔盖、理塘和色达3个县的牛包虫病平均感染率、羊包虫病平均感染率、犬感染细粒棘球绦虫平均感染率分别为21.27%(67/315)、29.52%(62/210)、14.57%(44/302);随机调查12个村,464个人中有12人曾患包虫病(2.59%)。"包虫病传播途径、动物能否传播给人、家犬如何驱虫、病畜内脏如何处理"4项包虫病常识的单项认知率分别为33.33%、44.17%、34.17%、38.33%。包虫病在我省部分疫区流行广泛,危害严重,犬细粒棘球绦虫的感染率和牛、羊的包虫病感染率之间存在一定的相关性。通过采取加大财政专项投入,加强传染源的控制,加强家畜防治和屠宰监督管理,加大宣传教育力度等综合防控措施才能有效地防控包虫病。 相似文献
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[目的]掌握宁夏部分地区畜间包虫病（棘球蚴病）流行情况,为包虫病的净化和综合防治提供依据。[方法] 2015年6—12月,对宁夏地区家畜和野生动物棘球蚴感染情况、农牧民对包虫病的知晓情况,采取问卷调查、实验室检测、实地走访座谈等方式进行调查。[结果]本次调查共抽查羊脏器2 092份,棘球蚴感染阳性率为3.35%;牛脏器1 749份,阳性率为0;检测羊血清样品2 080份,棘球蚴感染抗体阳性率为40.39%;检测犬粪样品4 620份,棘球绦虫感染阳性率为4.05%。调查3个县（区）的高原鼠兔、黄鼠等300只,均未发现有棘球蚴感染。调查还发现,农牧民对包虫病的知晓率参差不齐。[结论]针对宁夏地区畜间包虫病防治中存在的问题,建议加强犬只管理,积极开展犬的驱虫工作;加强牛羊屠宰管理;对新生母羔羊采用基因工程疫苗进行免疫;加强对农牧民的健康教育;加大政府的防治投入。 相似文献
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Yong Wu Na-Jiao Zhao Yan Cao Zhuo Sun Qin Wang Zhao-Ying Liu Zhi-Liang Sun 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(2):208-214
Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (Cmax, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their Cmax (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (Css) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance. 相似文献
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Tsai YL Chomel BB Chang CC Kass PH Conrad PA Chuang ST 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2011,34(2):179-187
Bartonella and Babesia infections and the association with cattle breed and age as well as tick species infesting selected cattle herds in Taiwan were investigated. Blood samples were collected from 518 dairy cows and 59 beef cattle on 14 farms and 415 ticks were collected from these animals or in a field. Bartonella and Babesia species were isolated and/or detected in the cattle blood samples and from a selected subset (n = 254) of the ticks either by culture or DNA extraction, PCR testing and DNA sequence analysis. Bartonella bovis was isolated from a dairy cow and was detected in 25 (42.4%) beef cattle and 40 (15.7%) tick DNA samples. This is the first isolation of B. bovis from cattle in Asia and detection of a wide variety of Bartonella species in Rhipicephalus microplus. Babesia spp. were detected only on one farm from dairy cows either infected by Babesia bovis (n = 10, 1.9%) or B. bigemina (n = 3, 0.6%). 相似文献
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Campos SG Cavaglieri LR Fernández Juri MG Dalcero AM Krüger C Keller LA Magnoli CE Rosa CA 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(3):377-383
Commercial feedstuffs are a basic element in modern pet husbandry in the world. In dogs, the effect of mycotoxins is severe and can lead to death. Few reports on the influence of dietary mycotoxins were found in the scientific literature. The aims of this work were to isolate and identify the mycoflora and to determine the aflatoxins (AFs) natural occurrence in raw materials and ready dry pet food. Therefore, the aflatoxigenic capacity of Aspergillus flavus species was investigated. Aspergillus was the prevalent genera (65-89%) followed by Penicillium and Fusarium spp. Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent species, followed by Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus versicolor. Aspergillus flavus frequencies ranged from 58% to 86% except in sorghum meal. All samples assayed (except corn grains and ready pet food) showed Fusarium spp. contamination. Corn meal and corn meal and gluten samples had 100% Fusarium verticillioides. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from sorghum meal. Aspergillus flavus strains (75%) isolated from raw materials and 57% from pet food were able to produce AFs. All samples showed AFs contamination percentages over 70%; corn and sorghum meal obtained the highest AFs levels. Ready pet food did not show quantitative levels of the tested toxins. This is the first report of the aflatoxigenic capacity by A. flavus from Brazilian pet food. 相似文献
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The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh pork cuttings in Denmark in the years 2002 and 2006 was investigated at retail and compared with the retail supply pattern. A total of 1025 and 3473 samples were taken in 2002 from butcher's shops and supermarkets, respectively. The corresponding numbers in 2006 were 259 from butchers' shops and 628 from supermarkets. In 2002, 1.2% of all samples were positive for Salmonella; butchers' shops and supermarkets had 1.8% and 1.0% positive samples, respectively. The overall prevalence in 2006 was 4.2%, with prevalence of 8.1% and 2.6% for butchers' shops and supermarkets, respectively. Hence, increases around 3- to 5-fold were found. There was neither observed any parallel increase in Salmonella positive carcasses in Danish slaughterhouses during the study period, nor were any changes in supply routes towards slaughterhouses with higher prevalence observed, which could explain the apparent increase. We hypothesize that hygiene levels and ability to avoid cross-contamination and prevent growth of the organism, in the meat processing chain after slaughter were the most likely responsible factors. Results from this study indicate that the hygiene performance, particularly at retail, has a significant impact on the occurrence of Salmonella. This implies that there is no direct link between slaughterhouse Salmonella surveillance data and the level of Salmonella contamination at retail. To improve risk assessment of Salmonella in fresh pork meat, this study underlines the need for comprehensive retail data. 相似文献
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Rectal swabs were collected from 437 household and 491 stray dogs in northern Taiwan from May 2003 to June 2005 to investigate
the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of salmonellae and campylobacters. The results revealed that 2.1% of household
dogs and 6.3% of stray dogs were positive for salmonellae, with Salmonella Duesseldorf being the most dominant serotype in both. Additionally, 2.7% of the household dogs and 23.8% of the stray dogs
were positive for campylobacters. Campylobacter jejuni was the most prevalent species (86.8%), followed by C. upsaliensis (9.3%) and C. coli (3.9%). Both salmonella and campylobacter isolation rates from the stray dogs were significantly higher than those from the
household dogs (p < 0.01). The susceptibility of 33 C. jejuni isolates to eight antimicrobials was studied by the E-test. A high rate of resistance was observed to azithromycin (93.9%), clindamycin (87.9%), erythromycin (81.8%), tetracycline
(78.8%), chloramphenicol (69.7%), nalidixic acid (51.5%), gentamicin (33.3%), and ciprofloxacin (18.2%). The susceptibility
of 40 Salmonella isolates to 15 antimicrobials was also studied by the disc-diffusion method. All the Salmonella isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Resistance was observed most frequently to tetracycline (77.5%),
chloramphenicol (52.5%), and ampicillin (50%). 相似文献
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Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed. 相似文献
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Chlortetracycline in swine-bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in fasted and fed pigs 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
C. R. KILROY W. F. HALL D. P. BANE R. F. BEVILL G. D. KORITZ 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1990,13(1):49-58
Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was administered intra-arterially (11 mg/kg) and as an oral drench (33 mg/kg) to ten 21.0-31.5-kg pigs. Five of the pigs were fasted 18 h prior to dosing and five of the pigs were fed ad libitum prior to dosing. The mean volume of distribution determined by area-under-the-curve calculations for the fasted pigs (0.967 +/- 0.210 l/kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the mean volume of distribution for the fed pigs (1.39 +/- 0.31 l/kg). Mean total body clearance of the drug was also significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the fasted pigs (0.165 +/- 0.055 l/kg/h) as compared to the fed pigs (0.307 +/- 0.053 l/kg/h). The elimination constants (beta) were not found to be statistically different (P less than 0.05): 0.1811 +/- 0.0057 for the fasted pigs; 0.2260 +/- 0.0461 for the fed pigs. The bioavailability for both groups was similar; 19.12 +/- 8.3% for the fasted pigs and 17.88 +/- 5.3% for the fed pigs. In a second experiment three groups of six pigs which weighed 34.5-44.1 kg were fed a corn-soy diet ad libitum. The rations were fortified with chlortetracycline at 100, 400 or 1000 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed. Chlortetracycline concentrations were determined in plasma samples collected over a 6-day period. Plasma chlortetracycline concentrations reach a plateau within 24 h after initial access to the trial diets and were highly correlated with the dose of the drug consumed (r2 = 0.97). 相似文献