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1.
为研究百里香精油、牛至精油和肉桂精油对海水养殖重要致病菌美人鱼发光杆菌美人鱼亚种（Photobacterium damselae subsp．damselae,PDD）的抑菌作用,采用二倍稀释法分别测定3种植物精油对6株不同致病力PDD菌株的最小抑菌质量浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌质量浓度（MBC）。采用分光光度计法检测添加精油后6株PDD生长曲线的变化;以2株高致病性PDD菌株为研究对象,分析不同浓度精油对PDD毒力基因表达量及胞外产物（extracellular products,ECP）活性的影响;分析了3种精油存储不同时间后以及在金属离子影响下的药效稳定性。结果显示,这3种精油对6株PDD菌株均具有较好的抑菌及杀菌作用,MIC为32～128 μg/mL,MBC为64～192 μg/mL;3种精油对2株高致病性PDD菌株的毒力基因表达及ECP的磷脂酶活性和溶血活性均有抑制作用,其中低浓度精油对PDD主要毒力基因的抑制作用最明显。3种精油于室温下避光存储35 d,对实验菌株的杀菌率均大于99%,显示其良好的药物稳定性;水环境中不同浓度Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、K+等对3种精油的杀菌效果无明显影响。研究表明,3种精油均适宜开发为防治水产动物细菌性疾病的新型渔药或饲料添加剂。本研究可为拓展芳香类植物精油在水产疾病防控上的应用提供借鉴与参考。 相似文献
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对从1尾病死的观赏用龙胆石斑鱼Epinephelus lanceolatus L.中分离到的细菌,进行了形态特征、理化特性和对抗菌类药物的敏感性等较系统的表观生物学性状鉴定。同时,测定了16S rRNA基因序列、分析了相关细菌相应序列的同源性、构建了系统发生树。结果表明,供试两株纯培养菌（编号：HQ061227-1、HQ061227-2）为发光杆菌属Photobacterium（Beijerinck 1889）的美人鱼发光杆菌美人鱼亚种P.damselae subsp.damselae（Love et al.1982;Smith et al.1991）,用HQ061227-1株作为代表菌株的16S rRNA基因序列长度（不包括引物结合区）为1469bp（GenBank登录号：EF635307）,与GenBank数据库中美人鱼发光杆菌美人鱼亚种的同源性在99%。药敏试验结果显示,对供试37种抗菌药物中的青霉素G等4种耐药,对头孢唑啉等32种敏感,对氨苄青霉素低敏。 相似文献
3.
鲁氏耶尔森菌是一种具有广泛致病性的条件致病肠杆菌。三型分泌系统(T3SS)是该菌的重要毒力系统,其中invF基因是T3SS功能表达的重要调控因子。为探讨invF和T3SS对Y.ruckeri致病作用的影响,本研究构建了Y.ruckeri SC09株invF基因的无痕缺失株,并对其生物学特性进行研究。通过融合PCR方法,将invF基因的上、下游片段A、C融合,构建同源臂AC;将获得的同源臂AC连接入自杀质粒pLP12,构建pLP12-invF同源重组载体;pLP12-invF电转化进入供体菌株大肠杆菌β2163,并利用接合转移方法转入受体菌株Y.ruckeri SC09,利用抗生素正向筛选和vmt反向筛选分别对插入突变株和缺失突变株进行筛选,并利用PCR技术和序列测定对Y.ruckeri invF缺失株进行鉴定;对突变株和野生株进行菌体菌落形态观察、生化特性鉴定和生长曲线测定。结果显示,融合PCR、AC片段经氯霉素抗性正向筛选和vmt反向筛选,PCR鉴定和测序鉴定后,成功获得了Y.ruckeri SC09 invF基因的无痕缺失突变株,突变株和野生株菌体菌落形态和生化特性基本一致,突变株菌落较野生株小,各个时期突变株的生长浓度较野生株低。研究表明,采用自杀质粒pLP12和大肠杆菌β2163接合转移系统,利用抗生素正向筛选和vmt反向筛选技术,在对其基本生物学特性无显著影响的情况下,可简捷高效地获得invF基因的无痕缺失突变株。 相似文献
4.
卵形鲳鲹美人鱼发光杆菌杀鱼亚种的分离鉴定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2006年海南省凌水网箱养殖卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)出现大批死亡。肉眼观察病鱼体表完好,部分病鱼内脏稍肿大,病理组织研究显示脾脏和肝脏有灰白色结节。从病鱼的脾脏分离到1株明显优势菌,命名为TOS1,人工感染确认TOS1对卵形鲳鲹有强致病性,其半数致死量为1.1×106CFU/g,组织病理研究显示相同症状,因此确定TOS1为本次流行病的病原菌。经API鉴定系统和16SrDNA序列分析结合常规生化指标,将TOS1鉴定为美人鱼发光杆菌杀鱼亚种(Photobacterium damselae subsp.piscicida)。该菌具有很强的溶血性和较强的蛋白酶活性,对多种抗生素和中草药均具抗性,仅对诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、氯霉素、庆大霉素等敏感,对中草药番石榴(Psidium guajava)和苍术(Atractylodes lancea)高度敏感。以上敏感药物可作为该病预防或治疗的参考用药。 相似文献
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拟态弧菌OmpU蛋白的黏附功能及所介导的致病作用 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了探明拟态弧菌OmpU蛋白的黏附功能,利用同源重组技术敲除基因组中OmpU基因,并构建其互补株,再经组合PCR方法和序列测定,证实了OmpU基因的缺失和互补。对野生株、缺失株和互补株进行了遗传稳定性、生长特性、生化特性、细胞黏附性、致病性等方面比较研究。结果显示,缺失株具有遗传稳定性;在相同的培养条件下,与野生株相比,突变株的培养特性和生化特性没有明显变化,生长速率略减慢,对实验草鱼的毒力降低了4倍,对鲤上皮瘤细胞(EPC)的黏附能力显著降低,下降了66.6%,而互补株的黏附能力和毒力又得到恢复,与野生株无明显差异。研究首次确证了拟态弧菌OmpU蛋白具有黏附功能,OmpU蛋白通过黏附参与致病作用。 相似文献
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2013年浙江省舟山市某网箱养殖条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)暴发了一种严重的疾病,病鱼主要症状为脾、肾出现1-2 mm的白色类结节.从患病鱼内脏处分离得到1株优势菌OF-1,经人工感染实验证实为此次引起条石鲷死亡的致病菌,半数致死量为5.93×104 CFU/g.形态学观察结果显示,菌株OF-1为革兰氏阴性、短杆状,在TCBS培养基上不生长.API 20E细菌鉴定系统、16S rRNA系统发育树分析结果证实,该菌株为美人鱼发光杆菌杀鱼亚种(Photobacterium damselae subsp.piscicida).该菌对庆大霉素、青霉素、氟哌酸、氧氟沙星、氨苄青霉素等药物高度敏感,对红霉素、链霉素、卡那霉素、苯唑青霉素等药物具有抗性. 相似文献
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哈维弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)是水生动物的重要病原,为研究哈维弧菌溶血素基因vhh缺失后对其生物学特性的影响,该研究利用同源重组技术构建了V.harveyi 345的vhh基因缺失突变株,并比较了野生株和突变株的生物学特性变化。结果显示,vhh基因的缺失不影响菌株的生长、胞外蛋白酶分泌、过氧化氢(H2O2)和铜离子(Cu2+)的压力感应、铁的吸收利用、15种抗生素抗性和生物膜形成等生物学特性,但会导致菌株游动和涌动显著增强;另发现,vhh基因虽然在野生菌株内高表达,对绵羊红细胞却未表现出溶血活性。结果表明该基因负调控着菌株的运动能力。该研究为认识哈维弧菌vhh基因功能研究提供新的资料。 相似文献
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为探究尼罗罗非鱼无乳链球菌(GBS)荚膜多糖合成基因cpsE和neuA对菌株生物学特性的影响,本研究利用同源重组的方法,构建了GBS的cpsE与neuA的单基因缺失突变株.具体方法为:用Infusion-PCR的方法分别构建带有氯霉素抗性基因的cpsE与neuA基因敲除重组质粒pSET4s-cpsE和pSET4s-neuA.将构建好的质粒电转化入GBS感受态细胞中,通过改变培养温度实现双交换和质粒丢失,最后经氯霉素抗性筛选获得疑似敲除株.通过菌落PCR、RT-PCR及DNA测序等方法对疑似敲除株进行验证.结果显示GBS的两个突变株△cpsE和△neuA被成功构建.在此基础上,通过生物学功能分析比较基因缺失突变株△cpsE、△neuA与野生株在菌株生长速率、荚膜多糖厚度、唾液酸含量和毒力方面的差异.结果发现缺失突变株△cpsE和△neuA的生长速度与野生株无显著差异,但荚膜多糖厚度、唾液酸含量和菌株毒力均显著低于野生株.进一步研究显示,cpsE是鱼源GBS荚膜多糖合成的关键基因,neuA基因则是荚膜多糖唾液酸化的关键基因,它们的缺失导致了GBS荚膜唾液酸含量的降低,且显著降低了菌株的毒力. 相似文献
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《中国水产科学》2017,(5)
为探究尼罗罗非鱼无乳链球菌(GBS)荚膜多糖合成基因cpsE和neuA对菌株生物学特性的影响,本研究利用同源重组的方法,构建了GBS的cpsE与neuA的单基因缺失突变株。具体方法为:用Infusion-PCR的方法分别构建带有氯霉素抗性基因的cpsE与neuA基因敲除重组质粒pSET4s-cpsE和pSET4s-neuA。将构建好的质粒电转化入GBS感受态细胞中,通过改变培养温度实现双交换和质粒丢失,最后经氯霉素抗性筛选获得疑似敲除株。通过菌落PCR、RT-PCR及DNA测序等方法对疑似敲除株进行验证。结果显示GBS的两个突变株ΔcpsE和ΔneuA被成功构建。在此基础上,通过生物学功能分析比较基因缺失突变株ΔcpsE、ΔneuA与野生株在菌株生长速率、荚膜多糖厚度、唾液酸含量和毒力方面的差异。结果发现缺失突变株ΔcpsE和ΔneuA的生长速度与野生株无显著差异,但荚膜多糖厚度、唾液酸含量和菌株毒力均显著低于野生株。进一步研究显示,cpsE是鱼源GBS荚膜多糖合成的关键基因,neuA基因则是荚膜多糖唾液酸化的关键基因,它们的缺失导致了GBS荚膜唾液酸含量的降低,且显著降低了菌株的毒力。 相似文献
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2020 年 11 月, 福建霞浦海域养殖仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)出现较大面积发病情况, 为确定其病原并筛选可用药物, 本研究分离了南移仿刺参腐皮综合征病原并对其理化因子、毒力因子和药敏特性进行了分析。结果显示, 从体表病灶部位分离得到 1 株优势菌株 XP-11, 经人工感染试验结果显示, 菌株 XP-11 对仿刺参有明显的致病作用, 感染后也出现体表溃疡等与自然发病相同症状。基于形态观察、Biolog 自动微生物鉴定, 以及 16S rRNA、 看家基因 gyrB 基因和尿素酶 C (ure C)基因序列分析结果, 确定菌株 XP-11 为美人鱼发光杆菌美人鱼亚种(Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae)。毒力基因检测结果显示, 菌株 XP-11 含有溶血素相关基因 hlyAch 和磷脂酶活性相关基因 plpV 两种美人鱼发光杆菌典型毒力基因。药敏分析结果显示, 菌株 XP-11 对四环素、恩诺沙星、复方新诺明等 8 种抗生素敏感, 进一步采用微量法进行 MIC 值测定结果显示, 恩诺沙星、硫酸新霉素、甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考、盐酸多西环素、氟甲喹、磺胺间甲嘧啶钠、磺胺甲 唑+甲氧苄啶等水产可用药对菌株 XP-11 的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为 0.08、2、1、1、0.06、0.125、4、1.2/0.06 μg/mL。研究结果表明, 美人鱼发光杆菌美人鱼亚种是仿刺参腐皮综合征的病原菌, 其对仿刺参的半致死浓度(LD50)为 1.08×105 CFU/g 体重。 相似文献
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Development of a real‐time PCR assay for rapid detection and quantification of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida in fish tissues 
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下载免费PDF全文 R Carraro G Dalla Rovere S Ferraresso L Carraro R Franch A Toffan F Pascoli T Patarnello L Bargelloni 《Journal of fish diseases》2018,41(2):247-254
The availability of a rapid and accurate method for the diagnosis of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), able to discriminate its strictly correlated subsp. damselae (Phdd), formally known as Vibrio damsela, is essential for managing fish pasteurellosis outbreaks in farmed fish. A single‐step, high‐sensitivity real‐time PCR assay for simultaneous detection and quantification of P. damselae was designed targeting partial of the sequence of the bamB gene and tested for specificity and sensitivity on laboratory‐generated samples as well as on experimentally infected seabream tissue samples. With a limit of detection (LOD) of one copy in pure bacterial DNA, the sensitivity was higher than all methods previously reported. Validation in target and non‐target bacterial species proved the assay was able to discriminate Phdd‐Phdp subspecies from diverse hosts/geographical origins and between non‐target species. In addition, two SNPs in the target amplicon region determine two distinctive qPCR dissociation curves distinguishing between Phdp‐Phdd. This is the first time that a molecular method for P. damselae diagnosis combines detection, quantification and subspecies identification in one step. The assay holds the potential to improve the knowledge of infection dynamics and the development of better strategies to control an important fish disease. 相似文献
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K Pedersen H F Skall A M Lassen-Nielsen L Bjerrum N J Olesen 《Journal of fish diseases》2009,32(5):465-472
A selection of 16 field isolates of Photobacterium damselae from marine rainbow trout farms in Denmark was subjected to phenotypic and genotypic characterization and pathogenicity to fish. All isolates belonged to the subspecies damselae , being positive for haemolysis, motility and urease. There were considerable differences in haemolytic properties, some isolates presenting a broad zone of haemolysis and others only a narrow zone. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed a high diversity indicating that P. damselae subsp. damselae is an opportunistic, not clonal pathogen in Danish marine rainbow trout. Virulence of the strains to rainbow trout was highly variable with LD50 values ranging from 3.9 × 103 to 1.5 × 108 cfu at 20 °C. The virulence was significantly higher at 20 °C than at 13 °C. The strains with the strongest haemolytic properties were the most virulent suggesting a strong involvement of haemolysin in the pathogenesis. The pathological changes were consistent with a bacterial septicaemia and the haemorrhages were more pronounced than for most other bacterial infections. 相似文献
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Ziyan Wang Chengyin Shi Hailiang Wang Xiaoyuan Wan Qingli Zhang Xiaoling Song Ge Li Miao Gong Shigen Ye Guosi Xie Jie Huang 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(5):551-559
In June 2019, massive mortalities of cultured Penaeus vannamei occurred in a local farm in Hainan Province, China. The diseased shrimp displayed evident black gills. Three bacterial strains 20190611001, 20190611007 and 20190611022 were isolated from hepatopancreas and gills of the diseased shrimp and identified as Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae based on the sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and toxR genes. These three isolates showed haemolytic activities. Of them, strain 20190611022 isolated from hepatopancreas was selected and processed for pathogenic analysis. The calculated median lethal dose (LD50) was 9.75 ± 4.29 × 105CFU/g (body weight) by challenging P. vannameivia reverse gavage. The diseased shrimp displayed enlarged hepatopancreatic tubules and sloughing of epithelial cells in tubular lumens. The strain 20190611022 was also characterized by the testing of API 20NE systems and antibiotic susceptibility. The results of disc diffusion test showed that strain 20190611022 was sensitive to chloramphenicol, compound sulfamethoxazole, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime and cefuroxime. To our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation and characterization of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae from natural diseased P. vannamei. Our findings can serve as a basis for further studies of its pathogenicity and provide technological support for disease controlling in shrimp aquaculture. 相似文献
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Pedersen K Skall HF Lassen-Nielsen AM Nielsen TF Henriksen NH Olesen NJ 《Journal of fish diseases》2008,31(9):659-667
The health status of eight marine rainbow trout farms was followed from mid-June to mid-September 2006 by sampling both dead and healthy fish approximately every 2 weeks for bacteriological and virological investigation. No fish pathogenic viruses were detected, but all farms experienced disease and mortality as a result of various bacterial infections. Yersinia ruckeri was found on four and Renibacterium salmoninarum on five of the farms, but only during the first part of the surveillance period. This indicates that the fish carried the infection from fresh water, and cleared the infection in salt water. Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida caused mortality on five farms, but persisted throughout the sampling period. Although A. salmonicida was probably carried from fresh water, the fish were not able to clear the infection in the sea. Vibrio anguillarum caused mortality on six of the farms throughout the sampling period, O1 being the dominant serovar, and Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae was found on seven farms as a cause of disease. During the period of highest water temperatures Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus were detected in dead fish in five and two farms, respectively, although their significance as causative pathogens is questionable. Vibrio vulnificus has not previously been found in rainbow trout in Denmark. Both mortality and number of antimicrobial treatments during the period were considerably higher in unvaccinated compared with vaccinated fish. Resistance to commonly used antimicrobials was low or absent. 相似文献
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Snjeana Pe
ur Kazazi&#x; Natalija Topi&#x; Popovi&#x; Ivan
ica Strunjak‐Perovi&#x; Daniela Florio Maria Fioravanti Sanja Babi&#x; Rozelindra o‐Rakovac 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(8):1201-1209
MALDI‐TOF MS was tested for the identification of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida on isolates grown on two media, cultured at three incubation times and applied on the target plate by the direct sample spotting (DS), by the on‐target extraction (OTE) and by the full extraction (FE) method, in triplicates. The identification of samples grown on blood agar (BA) outperformed identification on tryptic soya agar (TSA) by 0.64% for DS and OTE. The OTE gave the highest scores in both culture media, all incubation times and replicates. Reliable 24‐hr species identification was 61.54%, 84.61% and 53.85% for samples grown on TSA and identified by DS, OTE and FE, respectively. For isolates grown on BA, they were 76.92%, 96.15% and 30.77%, respectively. When identified by OTE, the 48‐hr identification was 93.58%, but for 72 hr declined to 71.79%. The reliable identification with the highest score from the first measurement was 100% only for OTE from BA (24 hr), whereas OTE from TSA gave 84.61% (24 hr), 76.92% (48 hr) and 84.61% (72 hr). The reliable MALDI‐TOF MS identification of Ph. damselae subsp. piscicida is incubation time, media, target plate preparation and replicate‐dependent. 相似文献