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【目的】了解不同肉牛品种在丝路寒旱区的育肥屠宰性能,为乡村振兴路上的规模育肥者选择牛源、品种和确定育肥期长短提供科学的决策依据。
【方法】以甘肃张掖舍饲管理条件下的公犊牛育肥、出栏记录为样本进行分析,比较在相同的饲养管理条件下不同品种肉牛的育肥期日增重;以现代化流水屠宰加工车间屠宰牛只胴体过磅记录为样本对不同品种宰前重、胴体重和屠宰率进行比较分析。
【结果】根据智慧牧场24批次入场培育和育肥和屠宰车间屠宰11779头牛只信息分析,目前丝路寒旱区以张掖肉牛、安格斯和荷斯坦3个品种为主进行肉牛生产,其中：公牛育肥产肉占84.54%,其中:张掖肉牛占74.61%居主导地位,安格斯占16.08%,荷斯坦占9.31%。在相同的饲养和管理条件下,经250天育肥平均日增重张掖肉牛达1.41kg、安格斯1.33kg,荷斯坦1.19kg。安格斯胴体重和屠宰率最高,分别为393.21kg和57.83%,张掖肉牛次之。
【结论】甘肃特色现代丝路寒旱农业重大项目实施区的（张掖）肉牛育肥优势突出,日增重达到较高水平。 地处北纬380 的黄金玉米产业带,气候适宜、饲草资源丰富,适于肉牛产业发展。现有的3个品种在这里育肥效果均较好,育肥期平均日增重均达到1.19kg以上。ZY肉牛达到1.41kg,与公开报到的试验结果相比具有明显的优势。品种不同但各有优势,安格斯育肥期长,胴体重和屠宰率高,是生产高档牛肉的品种;张掖肉牛育肥期短、日增重高,生产周期短,周转快;荷斯坦公犊育肥丰富市场牛肉供应。但在育肥牛源始重的选择上有一定的区别,张掖肉牛以300Kg左右架子牛育肥比较普遍,安格斯和荷斯坦以200kg左右犊牛持续育肥为主。
品种间平均日增重差异较大。在相同的生产周期和饲养管理条件下若选择张掖肉牛育肥,尽量选择300kg以上,以较高的日增重和短的育肥期获得较高的投资收益回报。
育肥期平均日增重与育肥期长短关联性较强。如果育肥期相同,始重大则日增重高;而始重相同,育肥期长日增重低;生产中要注意选择始重大的架子牛进行育肥,争取缩短育肥期,取得较好的经济效益。
屠宰性能来看,生产大群体平均宰前重、胴体重和屠宰率分别达到646.84kg、353.13kg和54.24%;张掖肉牛宰前重、胴体重和屠宰率达到684.72kg、387kg和56.43%,均为目前我国较高的水平〔3〕。 相似文献
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草原肉牛新品系育肥屠宰试验研究 《畜牧与饲料科学》2015,36(8):35-35
选取12月龄的安西F1（安格斯牛×西门塔尔牛）、利西F1（利木赞牛×西门塔尔牛）进行为期90d的育肥屠宰试验,以期为草原肉牛新品系的培育提供理论依据。结果表明：利西F1的增重水平和育肥效果明显优于安西F1,安西F1、利西F1杂交牛头均日增重分别为1．30和1．80kg,利西F1头均日增重极显著高于安西F1（P〈0．01）;宰前重、胴体重、净肉重均为利西F1极显著高于安西F1（P〈0．01）,而屠宰率、净肉率二者相当。 相似文献
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不同能量水平日粮对肉牛产肉性能和肌内脂肪含量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
选用24头体重相近的青海西门塔尔肉牛分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,采用不同能量水平(低、中、高)日粮对肉牛经4个月的育肥后,结合育肥和屠宰试验,研究不同日粮能量水平对育肥牛生产性能和对肌内脂肪含量的影响。结果表明:各试验组牛的宰前活重、胴体重、日增重、屠宰率均高于对照组;从脂肪沉积来看,胴体脂肪重Ⅲ组比Ⅱ组和Ⅰ组胴体分别提高21.60%(P0.01)和68.41%(P0.01),说明高能量水平日粮对提高青海西门塔尔肉牛生产性能和脂肪沉积有显著促进作用。 相似文献
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甘肃农业信息网 《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2019,(5):6-6
家畜的屠宰率是指胴体重占屠宰前空腹重的比率。该指标以猪最高,一般在75%左右;肉用牛如超过50%为中等指标,超过60%为高指标。为进一步说明净肉的性能,牛羊还要计算净肉率,是指净肉重(胴体去骨后的重量)占屠宰前空腹重的比率;良种肉牛的净肉率一般在45%左右。 相似文献
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对21～23月龄的12头西门塔尔、夏洛来、利木赞、安格斯与黄牛级进杂交二代优质改良牛进行60d强度育肥,测定分析4个品种牛的生长指标、屠宰指标、肉的品质3个指标,并进行差异显著性分析。在生长指标上西门塔尔平均日增重1506g,夏洛来平均日增重为1390g,利木赞平均日增重为1054g,安格斯平均日增重为823g。结果表明,西门塔尔和夏洛来之间差异不显著,其他之间差异均极显著。在屠宰指标上,西门塔尔屠宰率为57.86%,净肉率为50.22%,肉骨比6.57,夏洛来屠宰率为60.28%,净肉率为51.47%,肉骨比5.41,利木赞屠宰率为57.80%,净肉率为50.48%,肉骨比为6.91,安格斯的屠宰率为57.48%,净肉率为48.81%,肉骨比为5.67。结果表明夏洛来的屠宰率与西门塔尔、利木赞、安格斯之间差异极显著,其他品种之间差异不显著。对净肉率而言,夏洛来、利木赞、西门塔尔与安格斯之间差异极显著;夏洛来与西门塔尔、利木赞之间差异显著;利木赞与西门塔尔之间差异不显著。各品种的肉骨比差异不显著。在肉品质这一指标上,嫩度、眼肌面积、优质肉的比例中西门塔尔最佳。 相似文献
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为了研究本地肉牛品种生产雪花牛肉的效果,试验采用饲养试验方法对关岭牛、威宁牛、巫陵牛、务川黑牛进行了屠宰性能和肉质性能测定。结果表明:关岭牛的宰前活重、屠宰率、净肉率、肉骨比值、背膘厚度、眼肌面积、高档肉块重最高,其他依次为威宁牛、务川黑牛、巫陵牛;4个品种肉牛的高档肉块重占净肉重的比例差异不显著(P0.05);关岭牛的肌内雪花状脂肪含量可达到3级,威宁牛、巫陵牛和务川黑牛均为2级;综合评价关岭牛组的胴体等级为3A,威宁牛、巫陵牛和务川黑牛的胴体等级为2A级。说明关岭牛的产肉性能虽然不高,但并不缺少生产雪花牛肉的优秀遗传基因,具备选育成优质品种肉牛的种质基础。 相似文献
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为探讨葡萄渣对肉牛生产性能及肉品质的影响，用葡萄渣青贮替代全株玉米青贮，分析肉牛生长发育、屠宰性能、肉品质的变化。试验选择安格斯、西门塔尔牛各30头，平均体重为（283.00±2.47） kg，分为试验A、B组和对照组，试验组饲喂葡萄渣青贮日粮、对照组饲喂全株玉米青贮日粮。结果显示：试验组肉牛全期增重高于对照组16～36 kg，平均日增重比对照组高40～150 g；屠宰后，试验组肉牛胴体重分别比对照组高67 kg(P<0.01)、38 kg(P<0.05)，屠宰率、净肉率均分别比对照组高7个百分点和6个百分点（P<0.05），屠宰率高达65%左右，净肉率达到58%左右；试验组牛肉中脂肪和蛋白质含量均高于对照组，剪切力低于对照组（P<0.05）；多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）主要以亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸为主，其中试验组PUFA中亚油酸、α-亚麻酸含量均显著高于对照组（P<0.05），且牛肉中n-6/n-3 PUFA比例在10∶1左右，均低于对照组。综上，当以葡萄渣青贮作为主要粗饲料来源时，可以提高肉牛的生长性能、肉牛屠宰后胴体重、屠宰率和净肉率，能明显增... 相似文献
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本试验采用PCR-RFLP和DNA测序等技术检测牛生长激素基因P3位点(growth hormone,GH-P3)在中国西门塔尔牛群体中的多态性,并利用最小二乘法拟合线性模型对该位点与牛经济性状进行关联分析。结果表明,BB基因型个体胴体重和净肉重极显著高于AA和AB基因型个体(P<0.01),屠宰率和净肉率显著高于AA和AB基因型(P<0.05),AA基因型背膘厚极显著低于AB、BB基因型(P<0.01)。本研究结果显示,GH-P3位点对中国西门塔尔牛个体胴体重、屠宰率、净肉重、净肉率及背膘厚等经济性状有显著或极显著的影响,为中国西门塔尔牛重要经济性状的分子标记辅助选择(MAS)及品系培育提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Retort beef aroma that gives preferable properties to canned beef products and its aroma components 
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下载免费PDF全文 Koshiro Migita Takao Iiduka Kie Tsukamoto Sayuri Sugiura Genichiro Tanaka Gousuke Sakamaki Yasufumi Yamamoto Yusuke Takeshige Toshio Miyazawa Ayako Kojima Tomoko Nakatake Akihiro Okitani Masanori Matsuishi 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(12):2050-2056
The objective of this study is to identify the properties and responsible compounds for the aromatic roast odor (retort beef aroma) that commonly occurs in canned beef products and could contribute to their palatability. The optimal temperature for generating retort beef aroma was 121°C. An untrained panel evaluated both uncured corned beef and canned yamato‐ni beef and found that they had an aroma that was significantly (P < 0.01) similar to the odor of 121°C‐heated beef than 100°C‐heated beef. The panel also noted that the aroma of 121°C‐heated beef tended to be (P < 0.1) preferable than that of 100°C‐heated beef. These results suggest that retort beef aroma is one constituent of palatability in canned beef. GC‐MS (gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry) analysis of the volatile fraction obtained from 100°C‐ and 121°C‐heated beef showed that the amounts of pyrazine, 2‐methylpyrazine and diacetyl were higher in the 121°C‐heated beef than in the 100°C‐heated beef. GC‐sniffing revealed that the odor quality of pyrazines was similar to that of retort beef aroma. Therefore, pyrazines were suggested to be a candidate responsible for the retort beef aroma. Analysis of commercial uncured corned beef and cured corned beef confirmed the presence of pyrazine, 2‐methylpyrazine and 2,6‐dimethylpyrazine. 相似文献
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[目的]试验旨在研究不同蛋白源饲料对秦川肉牛日增重、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响。[方法]选择20头体重相近、健康状况良好的12月龄左右的秦川肉牛(母牛)为试验动物,随机将试验牛分为5组,各组分别饲喂5种不同精饲料。试验结束后,对照组(31%豆粕组)、试验Ⅰ组(36%菜籽粕组)和试验Ⅳ组(42%紫苏饼组)各选3头参试牛进行屠宰。[结果]试验Ⅳ组的全期总增重、平均日增重和屠宰率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅳ组背最长肌中干物质和粗蛋白含量均高于其他两组,但各组间均差异不显著(P>0.05);对照组和试验Ⅰ组大理石花纹均是3级,试验Ⅳ组大理石花纹是4级。[结论]本试验条件下,精饲料中添加42%的紫苏饼能够提高肉牛日增重和屠宰率,能够提高牛肉中氨基酸的含量和粗蛋白水平。 相似文献
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Satoshi KAWAHARA Shin‐ichi TAKENOYAMA Chizuko NAGATO Michio MUGURUMA Tatsumi ITO Kiyoshi YAMAUCHI 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(6):533-538
Cis‐9, trans‐11 conjugated linoleic acid (9c, 11t CLA) is a potential anticarcinogen that is found in higher concentrations in beef lipids. However, the effect of CLA on lipid peroxidation, which is closely related to carcinogenesis, is controversial. In this study, we determined the levels of 9c, 11t CLA contents and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the tissues of rats fed beef lipid. Sprague‐Dawley rats (male, 8 weeks old) were fed experimental diets containing 20% lyophilized beef, and 12% beef tallow or vegetable oils, for 56 days. With the exception of the brain, the tissues from the rats fed the experimental diets accumulated 9c, 11t CLA, depending on the levels of CLA in the diets. The beef tallow group showed significantly higher 9c, 11t CLA contents in all tissues examined than the other diet groups. The intake of beef lipid did not affect the TBARS levels in the rat tissues. The hepatic lipid content from the beef tallow group was lower than that from the group fed vegetable oils. These results suggest that beef is a good source of 9c, 11t CLA, and that the intake of an appropriate level of beef lipid is not hazardous to health. 相似文献
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用本课题组研制的肉牛添加剂育肥体重230kg、330kg、400kg和530kg的肉牛，可使日增重分别提高25．5％、7．3％、25．4％和16.7％，效果显著（P＜0．05），可使饲料报酬最多提高25．8％（P＜0.05）；投入产出比最大为1：8，用该添加剂育肥高档肉牛时屠宰率可达57.2％，眼肌面积43cm2、皮下脂肪覆盖面积为优级，大理石状评分为优级。 相似文献
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牛肉是一种营养价值较高的食品,具有高蛋白、低脂肪、低胆固醇等优点。随着人们对健康和保健意识的提高,消费者越来越意识到健康和饮食的关系,要求吃到高质量的牛肉。肌内脂肪是影响牛肉品质的重要因素之一,影响牛肉的多汁性、嫩度和风味,适宜的肌内脂肪含量可以改善肉质,提高牛肉的营养价值和食用品质。肌内脂肪的含量和分布受遗传和营养等多种因素的控制和影响,通过营养调控干预机体代谢来改善肌内脂肪是一种切实可行的途径。文章仅就肌内脂肪与牛肉感官品质、营养及保健价值的关系和国内外通过日粮营养调控改善牛肉肌内脂肪含量,提高牛肉质量的技术研究作一综述。 相似文献
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考察玉米秸秆经酶化处理对提高肉牛增重效果和养牛业经济效益的影响。结果表明,试验期内试验组头均增重38.31 kg,对照组头均增重33.10 kg;试验组头均日增重638.50 g,比对照组头均日增重551.67 g提高15.87%,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;育肥肉牛效益提高55.60%。 相似文献
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Predictors of beef calf temperament at weaning and its impact on temperament at breeding and reproductive performance 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 VR Kasimanickam RL Abdel Aziz HM Williams RK Kasimanickam 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(2):484-494
Two experiments were conducted to determine (i) factors influencing calf temperament at weaning, (ii) association between heifer–calf temperament at weaning and temperament at breeding and (iii) effect of heifer–calf temperament on pregnancy rate per artificial insemination (P/AI). In experiment 1, beef cows and their calves (n = 285) from three farms were used. Sire docility estimated progeny difference (EPD) score, birth type (normal or assisted), calf gender, calf behaviour (during 1st 4 weeks) and calf health status (until weaning) were recorded. Cows and calves were assigned a temperament score (0—calm; 1—excitable), and all cows were given a body condition score (BCS, 1–9; 1—emaciated; 9—obese) at weaning. Calf's illness (p < .05), low sire docility EPD score (p < .05), altered gait (p < .05), altered resting behaviour (p < .01), reduced/no play behaviour (p < .05) and cow excitable temperament (p < .001) increased calf excitable temperament at weaning. In experiment 2, replacement heifer–calves (n = 758) from 12 farms were assigned a temperament score at weaning and later at breeding. Blood from 40 calves at weaning and 31 heifers at initiation of synchronization (same animals) was collected by coccygeal venipuncture for determination of circulating cortisol and substance P concentrations. Heifers were assigned a BCS and reproductive tract score (RTS, 1–5; 1—immature, acyclic; 5—mature, cyclic), synchronized for fixed time AI, observed for oestrus and were artificially inseminated. Cortisol concentrations were increased in excitable heifer–calves compared to calm heifer–calves at weaning (p < .05), and substance P was increased in excitable compared to calm females both at weaning and breeding (p < .05). Low sire EPD docility score (p < .01), heifer–calf excitable temperament at weaning increased excitable temperament at breeding (p < .01). Controlling for BCS categories (p < .01), oestrous expression (p < .0001) and temperament at breeding by oestrous expression (p < .05), the calf's excitable temperament at weaning (p < .001) reduced P/AI (Calm, 62.7 (244/389) vs. Excitable, 53.4% (197/369); p < .01). In conclusion, selection of docile cows and sires with greater docility EPD score should be given consideration to reduce calf excitement. Temperament in beef female can be detected earlier in their life and could be used as a tool in the selection process and to improve their performances. 相似文献