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1.
Eckard Beer 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2005,3(1):59-70
In den Jahren 1989 bis 1992 wurde in bundesweit durchgeführten Feldversuchen eine Bekämpfungsschwelle für Blatt- und Ährenkrankheiten in unterschiedlich widerstandsfähigen Winterweizensorten überprüft. Nach vergleichbarem Muster lief die Überprüfung verschiedener Schwellenwerte in Winterroggen, Winter- und Sommergerste von 1992 bis 1995 ab.Mit von 1995 bis 1998 ebenfalls mehrfaktoriell angelegten Feldversuchen beteiligte sich die Projektgruppe an dem Vorhaben der Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung (BLE) Untersuchungen zum Einfluss unterschiedlicher Pflanzenschutzmaßnahmen auf den Mykotoxingehalt und den Fusarium-Besatz im Erntegut von Getreide (1997–2000). Ergänzt um Beiträge der Projektgruppenteilnehmer aus dem eigenen Forschungs- und Entwicklungsbereich wurden die Erkenntnisse der Projektgruppe zu diesem Themenkomplex im Rahmen eines Workshops im November 2002 vorgestellt und mit ca. 120 Fachleuten aus Ministerien, der Produktionstechnik sowie den vor- und nachgelagerten Bereichen diskutiert. 相似文献
2.
Dr. Eckard Beer 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2005,57(2-3):59-70
Zusammenfassung In den Jahren 1989 bis 1992 wurde in bundesweit durchgeführten Feldversuchen eine Bekämpfungsschwelle für Blatt- und Ährenkrankheiten in unterschiedlich widerstandsfähigen Winterweizensorten überprüft. Nach vergleichbarem Muster lief die Überprüfung verschiedener Schwellenwerte in Winterroggen, Winter- und Sommergerste von 1992 bis 1995 ab.Mit von 1995 bis 1998 ebenfalls mehrfaktoriell angelegten Feldversuchen beteiligte sich die Projektgruppe an dem Vorhaben der Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung (BLE) Untersuchungen zum Einfluss unterschiedlicher Pflanzenschutzmaßnahmen auf den Mykotoxingehalt und den Fusarium-Besatz im Erntegut von Getreide (1997–2000). Ergänzt um Beiträge der Projektgruppenteilnehmer aus dem eigenen Forschungs- und Entwicklungsbereich wurden die Erkenntnisse der Projektgruppe zu diesem Themenkomplex im Rahmen eines Workshops im November 2002 vorgestellt und mit ca. 120 Fachleuten aus Ministerien, der Produktionstechnik sowie den vor- und nachgelagerten Bereichen diskutiert.Darüber hinaus wurden in verschiedenen Redaktionsgruppen Bekämpfungsschwellen harmonisiert (1996) und Umfrageergebnisse zu den Ursachen der Entwicklung einer Fungizidresistenz (2001) sowie zum regionalen Ausmaß unterschiedlicher Vorfrüchte und Bodenbearbeitungsverfahren zu Winterweizen im Zusammenhang mit dem Komplex Ährenfusariosen/Mykotoxine (2002) bearbeitet.Als weitere Schwerpunkte wurden Gaeumannomyces graminis, Saatzeitversuche in Winterweizen sowie nichtparasitäre und Ramularia-Blattflecken behandelt. Die Frage nach möglichen Auswirkungen der ab 01.01.2005 gültigen EU-Agrarreform, des Pflanzenschutzmittelreduktionsprogramms der Bundesregierung und des Klimawandels auf den Pflanzenschutz wird aufgeworfen. 相似文献
3.
The polyphagous gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) is able to feed on about 400 different woody plant species. In general, oak species are preferred – on the other hand some other groups of plants are avoided on account of the presence of toxic substances. These unfavoured hosts are, for example, most of the Papilionaceae, like locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). We compared survival rate and development of two populations of different origin with long-term habituation to oak and locust, respectively. Larvae from the population habituated to oak proved unable to develop on locust food. There must be a lack of detoxification systems to modify the toxic alcaloids and flavenoids produced by Robinia pseudoacacia. On the other hand, larvae isolated from an locust stand were able to feed on oak leaves without problems in larval development or eclosion of adults. Gypsy moth larvae specialized on locust as host showed increased mortality (up to 27%) in the early larval instars, but the surviving animals, especially female individuals, reached significantly higher pupal weights and showed better fecundity: 40% higher egg numbers/egg mass compared to those feeding on oak. These results indicate that the gypsy moth population originating from the locust forest had achieved a high level of metabolic adaptation to this host plant and formed a 'biotype' of Lymantria dispar with optimal reproductive conditions in this special habitat. 相似文献
4.
Inga Mewis und Ch. Ulrichs 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》1999,72(5):113-121
The present study examined the morphological and physiological effects of amorphous diatomaceous earth against the stored
product pestsS. granarius, T. molitor andT. confusum. Diatomaceous earth, namely Fossil Shield? and Dryacide? increased the mortality rate of this insects. After contact with Fossil Shield? the individuals ofS. granarius had significant lost of weight and reduced their water content respectively. This showed that silica dusts break the water
barrier of the cuticle. However, it increases the transpiration rate of water across the cuticle and the insect died past
several times through dehydration. As well, an addition of food affected the effectiveness of dusts against insects. A lot
of stored product beetles will be able to produce metabolic water of feed substrates. This ability protects and weaves contrary
to the loss of water. Diatomaceous earth’s can be effective primarily through the sorptive properties of the hygroscopic particles.
One day after dust treatment a significant weight loss ofT. molitor pupae was recorded. The exposure to the silica dust Fossil Shield? caused partly an incomplete metamorphosis and death of the individuals. Pupae dipped in Fossil Shield? or abrasive aluminium dust and rolled for further five minutes, reduced not significant higher their weight as unrolled exuvial
stages. The morphological analyses of treated insects under the Scanning Electron Microscope showed, that the dust covered
the hole integument. Partly, the silica particles sunk into the cuticle. After application of Fossil Shield? at the cuticle of adults,T. molitor, did not show any wax layer. Also it could not be found once blocked by stigma of the mealworm. The dust particles accumulated
around the respiration openings and they partly overgrew.
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5.
6.
To investigate different control measures against the diseases in winter rye several trials were done in the German federal states. As a result from these trials the brown rust,Puccinia recondita f. sp.secalis, was the disease with the most negative influence on the yield. The brown rust occurrence at different times on the top three leaves depend on the winter and spring weather. It should be verify whether the protective use of fungicide mixtures with the new carboxamides active ingredient benefits the curative use (disease onset) in terms of achieved efficiency againstP. recondita. It can be stated that the action threshold does not need to be changed when using fungicide mixtures with carboxamides. Regarding the duration of the fungicide efficacy againstP. recondita an order in increasingly levels of efficiency could be determinate. The order is, from lowest to highest, azole fungicides, strobilurin-azole compounds, azole carboxamide compounds, and azole-carboxamide strobilurin mixtures. Due to the variability in the values of the individual test sites in the experimental series the tendency could be confirmed, however, no statistical significant differences between the various mixtures could be determined. The new carboxamides enrich the possibilities of targeted anti-resistance strategy againstP. recondita in winter rye. These trials results are introduced into recommendations for agricultural practice. 相似文献
7.
K. Hellrigl 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》1998,71(4):65-68
Zusammenfassung An 2 Gracillariiden,Phyllonorycter robiniella undCameraria ohridella, wird gezeigt, wie rasch importierte Sch?dlinge sich ausbreiten k?nnen: Die RobinienblattmotteP. robinella wurde in Südtirol erstmals 1991 festgestellt und trat 1996 bereits in Massenbefall bei Brixen an Robinien auf.—Die Ro?kastanienminiermotteC. ohridella war hier erstmals 1992 im Pustertal bei Toblach festgestellt worden (Butin & Führer, 1994). Neueste Untersuchungen im Herbst 1997 zeigen, da? sie nun bereits im gesamten Eisacktal zwischen Franzensfeste und
Bozen an Ro?kastanien (Aesculus hippocastanum) verbreitet ist (Tab. 1); hingegen wurde im Etschtal südlich und westlich von Bozen bisher noch kein Befall festgestellt.
On the occurrence of the robinia-leafminer,Phyllonorycter robiniella (Clem.) and the horse-chestnut- leafminer,Cameraria ohridella Desch. et Dim. (Lep., Gracillariidae) in South Tyrol
The examples of two species of Gracillariidae,Phyllonorycter robiniella andCameraria ohridella, show how fast the expansion can take place: The robinia-leafminerP. robiniella was first noticed in South Tyrol in 1991 and an outbreak occured on False Acacias near Brixen, already in 1996.—The horsechestnut leafminerC. ohridella was first noticed in the Pusteria Valley near Toblach-Dobiacco, in 1992 (Butin & Führer, 1994). The latest research, of autumn 1997, shows that they are now distributed on Horse Chestnut Trees (Aesculus hippocastanum) in the whole Isarco Valley, between Fortezza and Bozen-Bolzano (Tab. 1), whereas in the Adige Valley at south and west of Bolzano no occurrence could be found as yet.相似文献
8.
H. Levinson und A. Levinson 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2003,76(1):1-5
Ancient Egyptian insect relics were accidentally enclosed in embalming resin which leaked from a priest's mummy and solidified on the floor of a wooden coffin from the end of the XVIIIth Dynasty (presumably 1323–1295 BC). The preserved insect relics were blowflies (Calliphoridae) recognized as Chrysomya marginalis or Chrysomya megacephala whose larvae had developed by feeding on the deceased's body prior to mummification as well as furniture beetles (Anobiidae) being either Oligomerus ptilinoides or Priobium carpini whose larvae had ingested the coniferous wood of the coffin. It is most likely that the human corpse and coffin were first attacked by the blowflies and furniture beetles prior to embalming, while infestation of the insect remains and textiles by Anthrenus sp. (Dermestidae) occurred in our time. 相似文献
9.
Stephanie Zapf Kristin Klappach Judit Pfenning Michael K. Ernst 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2011,63(4):167-174
The foilage of Asparagus officinalis L. has a large contact surface for different leaf diseases, which can lead to profits cuts, especially by the causal pathogen of Stemphylium leaf spot, Stemphylium botryosum. The maintaining healthy of the foliage is an important precondition to achieve an optimal harvest in the following year. Therefore, it is necessary to describe the efficacy of currently approved plant protection products against S. botryosum in order to optimize the fungicide applications. In the context of greenhouse trials with asparagus seedlings a method should be developed to evaluate the preventive and curative efficacy of fungicides. At the beginning, stable, repeatable and homogeneous infections of S. botryosum needed to be achieved. Ad hoc the factors plant age (weeks after sowing date), inoculum (density of conidia per ml and concentration of malt), infection conditions (period of high relative humidity) and day of rating, as well as their influence on the occurrence of the symptoms, were investigated. With the exception of the factor plant age, the other factors had a significant effect on the infection. For the trials to evaluate the efficacy of fungicides, the analysed factors were defined. The age of the seedlings was six weeks after sowing, the inoculum was composed of 1,00?×?105 conidia per ml combined with an 0,5% malt concentration, as infection condition the ??tunnel system?? with periodically high relative humidity was chosen. 13 days past infection was the optimal day of rating. To apply the seedlings with the fungicides, the registered application rate was reduced to 1/5. The trials to evaluate fungicides were conducted with the fungicides Signum®, Rovral® WG and two different testing agencies. At four consecutive application days, the plants were covered with fungicides. In the following, the infestation degree of stems in percent was evaluated. Additionally, the used S. botryosum-Isolates were biomolecularly investigated and the QoI- and SDHI resistance state determined. 相似文献
10.
Reinhard Amler 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2012,64(2):57-69
Data from silage maize variety trials of the years 1999?C2010 in the Central German dry region were subjected to a secondary analysis using methods of mathematical statistics: With the phenological ripeness indicators (grain dry matter content/TM of the residual plant) the differences in the ripeness dynamics of grain to residual plant and their effects on the economy and ecology compared to the current ripeness system with use-specific ripeness numbers are documented. This dependence on all directions of use in the maize of the environments and varietal types taking into account of the different plasticity of maize varieties is been quantified. The achievement of physiological ripening of the grain is the interface of all usage directions and at the same time basis for the comparable, agro-eco-efficient level of maturity (63% TM) in conjunction with the silage ripeness index (SRI of 2.8) by eco-silage maize crops. The specific characteristics of the usage directions are low and with regard to efficiency, environmental and consumer protection discussed. With the phenological stage indicator (SRI) can both replaced the DM content of the whole plant as a parameter to the harvest date of silage and energy maize as the usage-specific ripeness numbers to the variety choice for silage and grain maize. A classification of the varieties according to ripeness groups would fully correspond to the environmental maize production. In the preparation of production (breeding, approval, testing and type of election), the SRI serves as selection and during inventory management through differential ripening control in compliance with the environmental and field production conditions as ripeness index. The wide ripeness ratio between grain and residual plant is the phenotypic expression of maize varieties as indicator for the agro-eco-efficiency and multifunctional guarantee better plant health, the resource efficiency, as well as basic product safety and sustainability of the process of maize silage. A precise fixing of harvest time point (HTP) is possible only with the SRI. The correct HTP is in principle maximum possible SRI. This HTP differently from the silage optimum can be according to the environments and the type of election. Ideally a maximum high SRI of 2.9 and over to a high basic intake of ground feed when reaching for exclusive maize silage feeding ruminant more friendly, better structural efficiency and grain hardness for the bypass of starch in the small intestine. The variety and the harvest strategy are to focus their reasons of economy and ecology on a high proportion of stocks ripeness in the field of silage optimum (SRI >?2.6) reach. Standard for maximum efficiency of production process maize and its environmental and consumer protection in the field of view of social line is the reaching of the agro eco-efficient ripeness point (SRI of 2.8 at physiological ripeness of grain by 63%). 相似文献
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12.
Von U. Mlelke und B. Mielke 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2000,73(4):93-98
Data of a pest control business was used to study infestation with the brown, or Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769]) in the City of Magdeburg for the year 1999. Swarms of rats were found to live all over the territory of
the city. Blocks of residential buildings erected during G. D. R. times and, more specifically, their basements were noted
to be focal sites of infestation with rats. The problem of rats living in the sewerage system of the city turned out to be
unresolved. Detailed reference is made to rodenticides and active substances as well as to control strategies. The priority
given to economical issues over the application of scientific findings is considered to be the decisive factor which accounts
for the needs in the extermination of rats.
相似文献
13.
Data of a pest control business was used to study infestation with the brown, or Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769]) in the City of Magdeburg for the year 1999. Swarms of rats were found to live all over the territory of the city. Blocks of residential buildings erected during G. D. R. times and, more specifically, their basements were noted to be focal sites of infestation with rats. The problem of rats living in the sewerage system of the city turned out to be unresolved. Detailed reference is made to rodenticides and active substances as well as to control strategies. The priority given to economical issues over the application of scientific findings is considered to be the decisive factor which accounts for the needs in the extermination of rats. 相似文献
14.
Der Verband Deutscher Landwirtschaftlicher Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalten (VDLUFA) Bonn bietet unter der Bezeichnung USL bundesweit eine Umweltverträglichkeitsbewertung landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe an und vergibt das Zertifikat Betrieb der umweltverträglichen Landbewirtschaftung, sofern die dafür geltenden Bedingungen erfüllt sind. Zu den 17 Prüfkriterien gehört auch die Bewertung der betrieblichen Pflanzenschutzintensität. Diese wird seit ca. zwei Jahren über den so genannten Behandlungsindex ermittelt, der in den letzten Jahren auf die spezifischen Bedürfnisse von USL (belegbare Datenbasis zur Absicherung der Justiziabilität) zugeschnitten worden ist. Das Verfahren ist von 2001 bis 2003 in zahlreichen Landwirtschaftsbetrieben getestet worden, darunter auch im Umwelttestbetriebsnetz Thüringen (25 Betriebe, 31 Bewertungen). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass mit dieser Methode aussagefähige sowie reproduzierbare und justiziable Ergebnisse gewonnen werden können. 相似文献
15.
Von Klaus Hellrigl und Paolo Ambrosi 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2000,73(2):25-32
A survey on the present distribution of the horse chestnut leafmining moth, Cameraria ohridella Desch. & Dimic 1986, in Europe and in Italy is given: In Europe, within a period of 15 years, the leafminer – recently introduced into Central Europe – has settled in an area that spreads over 13 latitudinal and about 20 longitudinal degrees; in Northern Italy, an area of approximately 50,000 km2 has been afflicted in the 5 years since the leafminer's introduction in South Tyrol and Julian Venetia in 1993.The development of the distribution in the region of South Tyrol and Trentino is shown: In the province of Bozen-South Tyrol, between 1995 and 1999 the moth has spread in all the three principal valleys (Eisacktal, Pustertal, Etschtal); in the Trentino province, first local attacks began only in 1998, near Trento and Riva, but spread over the entire Etschtal/Adige Valley in 1999. While in South Tyrol C. ohridella was introduced from the North (North Tyrol), the introduction into the Trentino occured from the South (Verona).At present the attacks in Trentino province are preponderantly low (resulting heavy only in the city of Trento and in Riva del Garda) and limited to altitudes ranging from 70 to 700 in. In South Tyrol, attacks are mainly heavy in altitudes ranging from 250 to 900/950 m, while they are low in the increasingly affected higher altitudes of 1,000 to 1,230 m. Numeric attack parameters are given to show attack intensities.The number of generations per year depends on the respective climatic conditions: in lower-altitudes, usually three generations develop in a year, but in higher altitudes (800 to 1,100 m) only two generations; in the climatically favoured area around the Lake Garda a (partial) fourth generation appears possible.The question of host plants (Aesculus sp., Acer sp.) and the larval parasitism of C. ohridella is discussed. The parasitism of the larvae, principally by Eulophidae (Hym., Chalcidoidea), was ascertained already in the first years of attack: In South Tyrol, 16 species of parasitoids appeared, and 8 in the Trentino province, but only two species were dominant: Minotetrastichus sp. and Pnigalio sp. The level of parasitism reached was low, comparable to other Central European countries. 相似文献
16.
Von O. Eichhorn 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2000,73(1):13-16
In the East Pontic mountains at Giresun (Black Sea shore) three species of the genus Dreyfusia have been established: D. nordmannianae Eckst. and D. prelli Grosm. on Abies nordmanniana Link. and Picea orientalis Link. and Dreyfusia nov. spec. on A. nordmanniana. The latter species, earlier known from Greece and the Balkans, but not yet described is most probably unholocyctic on fir.In the Zigana mountains between Trabzon and Gümüsane a species producing plenty galls on young P. orientalis trees and closely resembling D. merkeri Eichh. has been observed. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate whether or not it lives unholocyclic on spruce.In the West Pontic mountains near Bolu D. nordmannianae was intensively studied in twig infestations on A. bornmülleriana Mattf. The pattern of attack differs greatly from the one experienced in central Europe in that almost exclusively the current year's shoots are attacked whereas the leader and the older twig axis remain free of attack. In Europe all parts of the trees are colonized.Considering the known facts about generation- and morph sequences, morph determination and phenological behaviour of D. nordmannianae the characteristics of their population dynamics in Turkey and the interactions of the curious mode of attack and the extraordinary efficiency of their special predators have been completely evaluated. 相似文献
17.
Zusammenfassung In den Jahren 1992 und 1993 wurden 24 schwarzeTheysohn-Schlitzfallen mit Kombinationen von synthetischen Borkenk?ferlockstoffen, Pheroprax, Chalcoprax, Linoprax und Cembrax, auf
ihre F?ngigkeit getestet. Zum Vergleich wurden Fallen mit Einzelbestückung und Zweifachkombinationen von Pheroprax+Cembrax
und Linoprax+Cembrax sowie zwei Fallen ohne Lockstoff in einem 24 ha gro?en Forstgebiet aufgestellt. Mit den Fallen wurde
die Flugaktivit?t der angelockten Scolytiden ermittelt. Die erhaltenen Fangzahlen vonIps typographus, Pityogenes chalcographys, Xyloterus lineatus undX. domesticus wurden w?chentlich registriert und in Verbindung mit der unterschiedlichen Pheromonbestückung der Fallen diskutiert. Von
den drei letztgenannten Arten wurde der Fang von M?nnchen und Weibchen getrennt bewertet.
In einzeln mit Pheroprax bestückten Fallen fanden sich die meisten Buchdrucker pro Falle. Ihr Anteil nahm 1993 um 9% gegenüber
dem Vorjahr zu. Für den Kupferstecher waren die vierfach kombinierten Pheromonfallen etwas f?ngiger als die einzeln mit Chalcoprax
bestückten Fallen. AuchXyloterus-Arten bevorzugten die vierfach kombinierten Pheromonfallen gegenüber solchen, die nur Linoprax enthielten. Die Anzahl der
gefangenen Ambrosiak?fer wurde im Verlauf von 5 Jahren stark reduziert.
In beiden Untersuchungsjahren wurden neben den gezielt gek?derten Scolytiden 252 K?ferarten aus 49 Familien registriert, von
denen 10 Arten eine Pheromonpr?ferenz erkennen lie?en. Der Beifang betrug j?hrlich 0,6–0,7% der Gesamtzahl an gefangenen K?fern.
Zu 85–87% war der Kupferstecher am Gesamtfang beteiligt. Der Buchdrucker hatte einen Anteil von 11–14% an der Gesamtausbeute.
In the years 1992 and 1993 blackTheysohn slit-traps were set up in a forest area near Hanover, Germany. The traps were baited with combinations of the synthetic bark beetle pheromones Pheroprax?, Chalcoprax?, Linoprax?, and Cembrax?. Their captivity was tested in comparison to singly baited and control traps without pheromone. Additionally, combinations of Pheroprax+Cembrax and Linoprax+Cembrax were tested. The captivity numbers obtained fromIps typographus, Pityogenes chalcographus, Xyloterus lineatus andX. domesticus were discussed in relation to the differently baited traps. In the latter three species, females and males were separated. The periods of flight activity of the four Scolytidae baited were ascertained for both years. Concerning the singly baited traps, Pheroprax captured the highest amount ofIps typographus per trap, its population increased 9% in 1993 related to that of 1992. ForP. chalcographus, the combination of the four pheromones resulted in a little higher number of individuals than in singly baited traps.Xyloterus lineatus preferred the four-pheromone combination, in which Linoprax was present showing a synergistic effect of baiting. In contrary, the baiting ofX. domesticus was lower by the combined pheromones than by Linoprax alone. The latter was found in lower numbers thanX. lineatus. The trapped amounts of both Xyloterus species were continuously reduced throughout the years 1989 to 1993. The Coleoptera species, not specially trapped, amounted yearly to 0.6–0.7% of the collected individuals.P. chalcographus was collected to 85–87%, andIps typographus to 11–14% of the total amount of Coleoptera trapped.相似文献
18.
In den Jahren 1992 und 1993 wurden 24 schwarzeTheysohn-Schlitzfallen mit Kombinationen von synthetischen Borkenk?ferlockstoffen, Pheroprax, Chalcoprax, Linoprax und Cembrax, auf ihre F?ngigkeit getestet. Zum Vergleich wurden Fallen mit Einzelbestückung und Zweifachkombinationen von Pheroprax+Cembrax und Linoprax+Cembrax sowie zwei Fallen ohne Lockstoff in einem 24 ha gro?en Forstgebiet aufgestellt. Mit den Fallen wurde die Flugaktivit?t der angelockten Scolytiden ermittelt. Die erhaltenen Fangzahlen vonIps typographus, Pityogenes chalcographys, Xyloterus lineatus undX. domesticus wurden w?chentlich registriert und in Verbindung mit der unterschiedlichen Pheromonbestückung der Fallen diskutiert. Von den drei letztgenannten Arten wurde der Fang von M?nnchen und Weibchen getrennt bewertet. In einzeln mit Pheroprax bestückten Fallen fanden sich die meisten Buchdrucker pro Falle. Ihr Anteil nahm 1993 um 9% gegenüber dem Vorjahr zu. Für den Kupferstecher waren die vierfach kombinierten Pheromonfallen etwas f?ngiger als die einzeln mit Chalcoprax bestückten Fallen. AuchXyloterus-Arten bevorzugten die vierfach kombinierten Pheromonfallen gegenüber solchen, die nur Linoprax enthielten. Die Anzahl der gefangenen Ambrosiak?fer wurde im Verlauf von 5 Jahren stark reduziert. 相似文献
19.