共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
O. I. Mamykova 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2017,43(1):66-70
In the model system mice–A. tetraptera, cancelation of the nematode activity of Nilverm, in case of combined application with Imunofan, was detected. It was ascertained that Imunofan in a dose of 0.025 mg/kg, in case of double introduction, does not possess protective and selective effect on immune reactions. Joint effect of the drugs is determined by the primary stimulation of humoral immune response, which is dependent on T-helpers. 相似文献
2.
This paper outlines some flaws of the faddist social forestry movement that is currently sweeping Canada's volunteer NGOs. Typically, these include: Canadian NGOs' ignorance of tropical ecology; their inability to adequately communicate with the Third World clientel because of the socio-cultural barriers; a propensity to undertake numerous development projects and thus seek to bloat their organizations so as to claim federal government grants; and most of all, complaints of alleged racism against NGOs by Canada's ethnic minorities who are kept out of the development field. Impacts on the Third World development of each of these flaws are briefly noted. The paper concludes by offering some recommendations for improving Canadian volunteer NGOs' performance in social forestry in the Third World. 相似文献
3.
Glenn W. Erickson 《Agriculture and Human Values》1990,7(3-4):36-46
The essay, based on four years of living and teaching philosophy in Brazil, is a series of aphorisms about food and hunger as concerns that have left their mark on the Brazilian mind. Alimentary jokes and homilies are retold, gustatory episodes are recalled, larders and cuisines remarked, markets and mealtimes remembered—with constant reference to the idiom of Brazilian Portuguese. The style of thinking is “postphilosophical” in the sense developed in Part II of the author's Negative Dialectics and the End of Philosophy[Longwood, 1990]: it does not so much argue theses as it displays the character of the topic. 相似文献
4.
Daniel Martin Varisco 《Agriculture and Human Values》1991,8(1-2):166-172
The country of Yemen, on the southwestern corner of the Arabian Peninsula, is one of the most extensively terraced areas in the world. There is a well-documented tradition of both dryland and irrigated farming over the past three millennia and much of the indigenous agricultural knowledge survives. Development efforts over the past two decades in the north of Yemen have focused on expansion of tubewell irrigation at the expense of the major land use on dryland terraces and traditional subsistence crops. Despite millions of dollars in aid, Yemen is far from agriculturally self-sufficient and its scarce water resource is rapidly being depleted. This articles explores the relevance of indigenous Yemeni knowledge of agriculture and the environment for the future of terrace farming in the country. It is argued that farmer knowledge can contribute to sustainable production and can be grafted on to modern methods and technology. Within Yemen the existing community support networks and pride in national heritage would assist in a reinvestment effort for the existing resource of the terraces. 相似文献
5.
Stephen Lewandowski 《Agriculture and Human Values》1987,4(2-3):76-93
Through an interdisciplinary approach, I attempt to construct a partial ethno-agronomy of the Seneca people in late pre-contact times and examine it for relevance to modern agriculture. Diohe'ko, the Three Sisters, had been cultivated for at least five hundred years prior to contact by the Seneca, an Iroquoian tribe inhabiting western New York State. The Three Sisters, corn, beans and squash (pumpkins, gourds), were planted together in hills in fields, cultivated and harvested by work parties of women. Changes of village sites and patterns of village movement respond to the adoption of agriculture as well as other factors. Evaluating land use, crop yields and carrying capacity, I question the accuracy of Seneca population estimates. The Three Sisters was an important cultural complex. The Sisters are protagonists of a number of Seneca tales, myths, ceremonies and legends. As an agricultural strategy, Three Sisters embodies several efficiencies in growth patterns, nutrient, solar and water use, harvest and nutritional use. Microhabitat manipulation was practiced by the Seneca. The plants exhibit a high degree of cooperation, or commensality, in the association. Some preliminary judgments can be made about specific varieties of the Sisters in use among the Seneca prior to contact. Northern Flint Corn, Cutshort or Cornhill Beans, and Cucurbita pepo such as Crookneck Squashes are likely the eldest varieties in the area. Three Sisters agriculture demonstrates qualities of permanence and sustainability, especially as related to the Seneca cultural fabric. A conservative ethic, like Handsome Lake's teaching, it binds together people in culture and people and nurture in nature. Mary Jemison, who farmed both the colonial and Three Sisters ways, seems to have favored the latter's “leisurely” approach. 相似文献
6.
David P. Phillips 《Agriculture and Human Values》2014,31(4):563-576
This paper advances critical Fair Trade literature by exploring reasons for and lessons from uneven and unequal lived experiences of Fairtrade certification. Fieldwork was conducted in 2007 and 2008 to explore views and develop interpretations from various actors directly and indirectly participating in a Fairtrade certified sugar organization in Malawi. By exploring an embedded social and political context in a production place, and challenging assumptions and expectations of a Fair Trade community empowerment approach, research reveals intended and unintended consequences since certification. Findings propose lessons to adopt more nuanced understandings of place and context in Fair Trade approaches to facilitate more balanced community empowerment outcomes. 相似文献
7.
Bruce J. Horwith Phyllis N. Windle Edward F. MacDonald J. Kathy Parker Allen M. Ruby Chris Elfring 《Agriculture and Human Values》1989,6(3):68-84
Traditional forms of farming, herding, and fishing are remarkably adapted to African conditions but these traditional approaches are being overtaken by modern pressures, particularly population growth. According to a report published by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), a nonpartisan analytical support agency of the U. S. Congress, one promising way to help African farmers and herders would be for development assistance organizations to focus more attention on the various forms of low-resource agriculture that predominate in Africa. In keeping with OTA's mission and primary audience, “Enhancing Agriculture in Africa: A Role for U. S. Development Assistance” (1988) is a policy-oriented synthesis of available technical information. The report provides Congress with a range of options that, if pursued, could help Africans enhance agriculture, increase their food security, and improve their lives. This paper is drawn from the larger OTA report, and it focuses on the role technology might play in enhancing low-resource agriculture. Readers should see the full assessment (OTA, 1988) for more information on policy considerations; the specific technologies mentioned; or a complete list of advisory panel members, workshops and participants, and commissioned papers. OTA's report comes at a critical time: for a variety of reasons—ranging from changing values to increased budget constraints—U. S. foreign assistance policy is undergoing a fundamental reevaluation. This review of the potential of low-resource agriculture, and options the United States might pursue to enhance this approach, was intended to aid in this reevaluation. 相似文献
8.
The findings of research with laboratory and farm animals has demonstrated the safety of schungite natural mineral. It was determined that schungite is attributed to class four in the GOST State Standard 12.1.007.76 according to the classification of chemical compounds; it has no cumulative, allergenic, embryotoxic, or teratogenic effects on the skin and mucous membranes. In-vitro experiments and in-vivo studies have established that schungite possesses the pronounced properties that affect sorption of toxins; it is of no consequence and acute or chronic toxicosis. The possibility of its use to reduce the negative environmental impact on the animal organism has been shown. 相似文献
9.
Les Field 《Agriculture and Human Values》1991,8(1-2):85-92
The project of indigenous agricultural development is now widely perceived as valid, given the technological limitations of and the social problems exacerbated by the Green Revolution. Different authors have presented critiques of the Green Revolution based upon their studies of indigenous agricultural practices and their attendant knowledge systems. Such analyses provide important foundations for the promotion of indigenous agricultural development, but do not adequately address the socio-historical dimension. In Latin America, promoting such development must rely upon the reassessment of indigenous culture and ethnic survival by the scientific community. 相似文献
10.
Emmanuelle Cheyns 《Agriculture and Human Values》2014,31(3):439-453
Since the beginning of the new millennium, initiatives known as roundtables have been developed to create voluntary sustainability standards for agricultural commodities. Intended to be private and voluntary in nature, these initiatives claim their legitimacy from their ability to ensure the participation of all categories of stakeholders in horizontal participatory and inclusive processes. This article characterizes the political and material instruments employed as the means of formulating agreement and taking a variety of voices into consideration in these arenas. Referring to the specific case of the “Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil”, I undertake a detailed analysis of the tensions relating to different forms of participation, which create a gap between “local minority voices” and international stakeholders—either non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or industries. Local communities and small-scale farmers face difficulties when making their voices heard in the form of debate proposed. Firstly, some participants attempt to re-impose a vertical hierarchical relationship between small-scale farmers or affected communities and company managers/directors in order to deprive the former of their powers of representation and of being able to transform reality. Secondly, the liberalism of interest groups in the roundtable accords value to experts, global knowledge, strategy, and detachment, at the expense of other capabilities of rooted or attached people who come to defend their real lives with a desire to raise critical issues of injustice. In this context, I highlight the capacity of local NGOs to relieve some of those tensions and to help locally affected communities and small-scale farmers introduce public stages for debates, by accommodating other forms of participation apart from the liberal one. By being close to and by restoring their dignity through a specific work of solicitude and care, local NGOs prepare affected people for public speaking. 相似文献
11.
12.
Balbir Kour Shivanjali Kotwal Manoj K. Dhar Sanjana Kaul 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2016,42(1):37-41
Plantago ovata, commonly called as the 'desert Indian wheat' is a cultivated and economically important plant of the genus Plantago, a large genus containing ~200 species. It yields Psyllium (Isabgol) which has several health benefits and applications in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. In view of the genetic uniformity, detection of variability has remained a challenge in this species as the plant lacks inherent variability and has a narrow genetic base. During the present study, Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to determine genetic relationship and detect whatever little hidden variation exists in this species and some of its wild allies. Limited genetic variability was observed in P. ovata whereas; extensive genetic variability was seen in its wild allies. The genetic distances among different accessions of P. ovata and different species of Plantago, were used to generate a dendrogram. 相似文献
13.
The amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 0.4–0.7 μm) absorbed by plants for photosynthesis relative to incident radiation is defined as the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR). This is an important variable in both plant biomass production and plant growth modeling. This study investigates the application of a newly developed, linear irradiance sensor (LightScout Quantum Bar Sensor, LightScout, Spectrum Technologies, Inc. USA), to quantify fAPAR for a demonstrator crop, Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack). A protocol was devised for sensor placement to determine reflected PAR components of fAPAR and to determine the optimal time of day and sensor orientation for data collection. Coincident, top of canopy, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) measurements were also acquired with a CropCircle? ACS-210 sensor and measurements correlated with derived fAPAR values. The optimum height of the linear irradiance sensor above soil or plant canopy was found to be 0.4 m while measuring reflected PAR. Measurement of fAPAR was found to be stable when conducted within 1 h of local solar noon in order to avoid significant bidirectional effects resulting from diurnal changes of leaf orientation relative to the vertically-placed sensor. In the row crop studied, averaging fAPAR readings derived from the linear irradiance sensor orientated across and along the plant row provided an R2 = 0.81 correlation with above-canopy NDVI. Across row sensor orientation also gave a similar correlation of R2 = 0.76 allowing the user to reduce sampling time. 相似文献
14.
Catarina Passidomo 《Agriculture and Human Values》2014,31(3):385-396
Among critical responses to the perceived perils of the industrial food system, the food sovereignty movement offers a vision of radical transformation by demanding the democratic right of peoples “to define their own agriculture and food policies.” At least conceptually, the movement offers a visionary and holistic response to challenges related to human and environmental health and to social and economic well-being. What is still unclear, however, is the extent to which food sovereignty discourses and activism interact with and affect the material and social realities of the frequently low-income communities of color in which they are situated, and whether they help or hinder pre-existing efforts to alleviate hunger, overcome racism, and promote social justice. This research and corresponding paper addresses those questions by examining food justice and food sovereignty activism in the city of New Orleans since Hurricane Katrina as understood by both activists and community members. I argue, using post-Katrina New Orleans as a case study, that food projects initiated and maintained by white exogenous groups on behalf of communities of color risk exacerbating the very systems of privilege and inequality they seek to ameliorate. This paper argues for a re-positioning of food justice activism, which focuses on systemic change through power analyses and the strategic nurturing of interracial alliances directed by people residing in the communities in which projects are situated. 相似文献
15.
A. Tagarakis S. Koundouras E. I. Papageorgiou Z. Dikopoulou S. Fountas T. A. Gemtos 《Precision Agriculture》2014,15(5):555-578
Fuzzy inference systems (FIS) are particularly suited for aggregating multiple data to feed multi-variables decision support systems. Moreover, grape quality is a complex concept that refers to the simultaneous achievement of optimal levels in many parameters, thus single berry attributes spatial data are not adequate to define grape suitability for a specific end use. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a FIS to classify grape quality based on selected grape attributes in a commercial vineyard in Central Greece planted with Vitis vinifera cv. Agiorgitiko, during 2010, 2011 and 2012. The vineyard was sectioned in 48 cells sized 10 × 20 m; total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total skin anthocyanins and berry fresh weight were measured at harvest on the same grid and were used in the FIS as inputs to build linguistic rules based on expert knowledge. The result of the FIS was a numerical value (Grape Total Quality, GTQ) which corresponded to a fuzzy set of grape quality classes (very poor, poor, average, good, and excellent). The validation process for the proposed FIS consisted of two parts: a comparison of GTQ with an independent set of data by viticulture experts and a comparison with soil and grapevine properties to verify its spatial relevancy. The evaluation process showed high general agreement between GTQ and expert evaluation suggesting that the FIS was able to model expert knowledge successfully. Moreover, GTQ exhibited higher variability than the individual grape quality attributes in all years. Among individual grape components, anthocyanins and berry weight seemed to be more important in determining GTQ than total soluble solids and titratable acidity. According to the results, FIS could allow the aggregation of grape quality parameters into a single index providing grape growers with a valuable tool for classifying grape quality at harvest. 相似文献
16.
17.
Kojo Sebastian Amanor 《Agriculture and Human Values》1991,8(1-2):5-13
The paper explores the relationship between environmental knowledge and farming and fallowing strategies on degraded forest land in the Upper Manya Krobo district of southeastern Ghana. Changes in cropping strategies are related to the expansion and transformation of frontier agrarian settlement, increasing population density, social differentiation, and land hunger. As a consequence land degradation has become a serious problem among the smaller farmers with insufficient land to allow fallow recuperation. Small farmers' awareness and perceptions of the processes of degradation are explored, as are possible innovative contributions to the development of agroforestry research. But labor constraints often prevent the farmer from developing practical systems of fallow management. Local environmental knowledge reveals important insights into the processes of fallow degradation, potentials for fallow management, constraints that farmers face, and some problems that might emerge with the transformation of current agroforestry technology to farmers' fields. It is suggested that this knowledge should not be abstracted from its socio-economic context. The problems that local farmers' knowledge reveal are in this respect as important as questions of its efficacy and potential as a resource. 相似文献
18.
氮肥对棉花应用增效缩节胺封顶效果的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为明确棉花施N对DPC~+(1,1-二甲基哌啶鎓氯化物;1,1-Dimethyl-piperidinium chloride)化学封顶效应的影响,以新陆早53号为材料,于2013—2014年在新疆石河子地区进行田间试验。研究结果表明,施N量对棉花株高和果枝数影响不大,但显著影响棉花的产量。中N(300kg/hm2)处理子棉产量最高,较低N(150kg/hm~2)和高N(450kg/hm~2)分别增加23.5%和6.6%。棉花株高和果枝台数随DPC~+剂量的增加而下降,不同剂量DPC~+的株高较CK增加4.8~11.6cm,果枝数增加3.8~4.6台。中剂量(750mL/hm2)DPC~+处理的平均产量与CK基本持平,高剂量(1 050mL/hm~2)略有降低,低剂量(450mL/hm~2)的较CK降低6%~9%。中N中剂量DPC~+的产量是所有处理中(包括CK)最高的,主要原因在于干物质向经济器官的分配较多。低N和高N量下,分别以低剂量DPC~+和高剂量DPC~+的产量相对较高。施N量和DPC~+对棉花纤维品质无显著影响。棉花生产中需要根据N肥用量确定适宜的DPC~+剂量进行化学封顶。 相似文献
19.
Mark H. Lundgren 《Agriculture and Human Values》1987,4(4):47-53
In “Sector as Personality: The Case of Farm Protest Movements,” Luther Tweeten argues that farm activism is motivated by irrational and dysfunctional traits of the “dark side” of a sector-specific farm personality. In response, this article questions the assumption that movement activism can be explained by reference to a few discrete personality traits, challenges the usefulness of the concept of a sector-specific personality, and disputes the accuracy of Tweeten's attributions of negative traits to all farm movement activists. Evidence is presented to indicate that farm activists are much more diverse in their beliefs and behavior than Tweeten's article portrays them, and it is argued that farm activism is not generally motivated by deluded conceptions of farmers' circumstances and interests. 相似文献
20.
The article presents the importance of plant genetic hybrid shift in the elements of productivity, allowing the prediction of the conduct in the selection of promising lines obtained by interspecific hybridization spontaneous soybeans for further study in the selection process. The maximum shift of genetic selection on the basis of elements of efficiency in terms of the number of marked beans in combinations Volzhan × KZ-671, KZ-Rosinka × 1236, and Luch nadezhdy × KZ-6332 in terms of the mass of 1000 seeds only in the combination Luch nadezhdy × KZ-6332. 相似文献