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1.
D. Levy 《Potato Research》1985,28(4):415-424
Summary The effects of a single treatment of heat or drought stress imposed at different stages of tuber growth, were investigated
in two potato cultivars, Désirée and Cara. Both stresses impaired dry matter accumulation in tubers, and tuber yields. Stress
imposed at early stages of tuber growth, when tubers were less than 20 mm in diameter, had little effect on dry matter accumulation,
whereas stress imposed later resulted ingnificant losses of dry matter in tubers. Stress imposed during later tuber growth
increased the percentage of tubers sprouting in the soil. Tuber malformation was less affected. The adverse effects of heat
on tuber yield and quality seemed to be greater than those of drought. Drought increased the content of total soluble solids
(TSS) and lowered the osmotic potential in the tuber tissue of both cultivars. These effects were detectable even 55 days
after stress relief.
Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel No 984-E, 1984 Series. This
investigation was sponsored by a grant from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Technical Assistance Department, Netherlands. 相似文献
2.
D. Levy 《Potato Research》1983,26(4):303-313
Summary The response of six potato cultivars, Désirée, Up-to-Date, Alpha, Elvira, Spunta and Troubadour, to water stress under high
ambient temperatures was investigated. Osmotic regulation in the leaves of all six cultivars was highest in Alpha and the
lowest in Troubadour. Concomitantly, Alpha maintained the highest turgor potential under water stress while Troubadour had
the lowest values indicating a relationship between the degree of osmotic regulation and maintenance of turgor. The highest
stomatal conductance under water stress was exhibited by Désirée while both stressed and non-stressed plants of Up-to-Date
had the lowest values. In addition, Up-to-Date had a larger root system than Désirée. The association of these traits with
tolerance to short periods of drought in the potato is discussed.
Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel, No 295-E, 1981 series. The
investigation was supported in part by a grant from the Ministry for Development Cooperation of the Netherlands. 相似文献
3.
Warren K. Coleman 《American Journal of Potato Research》1988,65(3):109-118
Seed tuber age effects on the response of potato plants (cv Alpha) to different drought stress regimes during the pre-tuberization period were evaluated. During a slow drying cycle of approximately 2 weeks’ duration, young expanding leaves on plants grown from young or old seed tubers showed no evidence of osmotic adjustment and pre-stressing the plants did not affect this situation. Pre-stressed plants from young and old tubers possessed a higher relative water content at a zero turgor potential than unstressed plants. However, tuber age did not affect significantly the relative water content at zero turgor potential. Plants derived from young seed tubers exhibited improved drought resistance such as reduced water loss from mature leaves, a larger root/shoot dry weight ratio and possible effects on root distribution in soil. 相似文献
4.
S. L. Nielsen H. Bång K. Kotkas K. Kristensen J. P. Palohuhta V. Rosenberg K. Tolstrup 《Potato Research》2007,50(2):97-114
The occurrence and magnitude of variation of selected characters in clones derived from meristem tips of four potato cultivars
in field trials in three countries was assessed. Recorded were: the number of plants per plot; maturity of plants; skin and
flesh colour; tuber deformity; time of emergence; flowering; number of stems and tubers per plant; tuber size, yield and dry
matter percentage; and the occurrence of common scab. Far more significant differences between clones than could be expected
by chance were found for the last eight characters. Most of the significant differences for number of stems per plant, number
of tubers, yield and tuber size distribution were found in six clones of three cultivars and were repeated at different locations
and in different years. It is concluded that significant clone differences exist and are repeated at independent locations
over the years. 相似文献
5.
Antje Moll 《Potato Research》1992,35(3):279-285
Zusammenfassung Die Pflanzgutvorbehandlung beeinflu?te die Stengelzahl signifikant. Abgekeimtes Pflanzgut der Sorten ‘Adretta’ und ‘Mariella’
entwickelte weniger Stengel und Knollen pro Pflanze jedoch mehr Knollen pro Stengel als vorgekeimtes und keimgestimmtes Pflanzgut.
Die st?rker negativen Korrelationen zwischen Stengelzahl pro Pflanze und Knollenzahl pro Stengel sowie die h?here Reduktionsrate
der angelegten Knollen bei der Sorte ‘Adretta’ weisen auf Sortenunterschiede in der Sch?rfe der Konkurrenz zwischen den Stengeln
und innerhalb der Knollenanlagen eines Stengels hin. Die Ernteknollenzahl wurde bei ‘Mariella’ wesentlich durch die Zahl der
Knollenanlagen, bei ‘Adretta’ hingegen st?rker durch die Reduktionsrate bestimmt.
Summary Three different seed treatments and two cultivars were studied over seven years of field experiments (Table 1). Differences were detected between the cultivars in all characteristics studied: numbers of stems, maximum number of tubers (tuber initials), the number of harvestable tubers (>3 cm) at maturity per plant and per stem, and tuber reduction (percentage of initiated tubers that did not develop). Apart from the number of harvestable tubers, there were also differences between seed treatments (Tables 2, 3 and 4). Chitted seed of ‘Mariella’ and sprouted seed of ‘Adretta’ gave the greatest number of tubers per plant (Tables 3 and 4). In both cases desprouting reduced the numbers of stems and tubers per plant but increased the number of harvestable tubers per stem. Chitted seed set the most tubers per plant and per stem but had the highest levels of tuber reduction (Table 4). Due to intra- and inter-stem competition in both cultivars the percentage tuber reduction is significantly correlated with the number of tuber initials (maximum tuber number, Table 5). Smaller numbers of tubers per stem (Table 3) and significantly negative correlations between the number of stems and the maximum and harvestable number of tubers per stem (Table 5) highlight the effect of strong inter-stem competition in ‘Adretta’. Moreover, in this cultivar intra-stem competition seems to play an important role too. The rate of tuber reduction was significantly higher than in ‘Mariella’ (Table 3), and the final number of tubers significantly depended on the percentage of tuber reduction during the period of tuber growth (r=0,57*, Table 5). In contrast, the number of harvestable tubers per plant in ‘Mariella’ was significantly correlated with the maximum tuber number during the period of tuber set (r=0,61*, Table 5).相似文献
6.
Jadwiga W. Płodowska Peter H. J. Jongebloed Pieter A. C. M. Van De Sanden Paul C. Struik 《Potato Research》1989,32(3):245-253
Summary Single-stemmed potato plants, cv. Bintje, were grown on a nutrient solution under controlled conditions. They were exposed
to a short drought stress, or remained untreated. Long-term measurements of tuber volume were carried out with a non-destructive
volume-meter. Specific leaf weight was monitored with a β-gauge.
Tubers from the same plant varied in rate and duration of growth. The relative growth of stressed tubers was 43–54% less than
that of the control tubers. The hierarchy of tubers from one stem changed over time in plants that were exposed to the stress.
Specific leaf weight declined during the stress period but there was a prompt recovery after the relief from drought. This
response was similar to the response of the average rate of volume increase of the tuber. 相似文献
7.
Impact of early-season water deficits on Russet Burbank plant development,tuber yield and quality 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Clinton C. Shock James C. Zalewski Timothy D. Stieber Denise S. Burnett 《American Journal of Potato Research》1992,69(12):793-803
Russet Burbank potatoes grown on Owyhee silt loam were subjected to early-season moisture stress by delaying initiation of furrow irrigation up to seven weeks after planting. A range of water stress treatments from 4 to 7 weeks after planting resulted in reduced plant size, tuber number and total tuber weight per plant 8 1/2 weeks after planting. Early-season water stress resulting from delayed irrigation onset was associated with improved tuber quality at harvest. Plants water stressed before tuber initiation had fewer tubers with dark stem-end fry colors, reduced percentage of US No. 2 potatoes, and increased percentage and size of US No. 1 potatoes. Increasing duration of soil water potential below -60 kPa early in the season was associated with declining total yield in 1985 but not in 1986. To obtain optimum yield and processing quality, the first irrigation should be no sooner than full plant emergence. 相似文献
8.
《Field Crops Research》2006,95(1):89-96
Tuber yields of potato plants grown from microtubers in fields are more variable than yields from conventional seed tubers (CT). One reason could be their higher susceptibility to water stress. This study clarified the effect of soil water stress from 1 month after emergence on the growth and yield of plants grown from conventional seed tubers and microtubers in fields. Microtubers (0.5–3 g) and conventional seed tubers (50 g) were grown in Hokkaido, Japan, over three field seasons. One month after emergence, poly-shelters were placed over the plots to prevent rainfall, and either irrigated (wet plot) or non-irrigated (dry plot) treatments were formed. At mid-flowering (about 50 days after emergence) leaf area index (LAI) in microtuber plants was decreased relatively more due to soil water stress than LAI in conventional seed tuber plants. However, at maximum shoot growth (about 80 days after emergence) both microtuber and conventional seed tuber plants had a similar relative decrease in LAI due to soil water stress. At mid-flowering and maximum shoot growth microtuber and conventional seed tuber plants had reduced stomatal conductance due to soil water stress, but the reduction in stomatal conductance was greater in conventional seed tuber plants than in microtuber plants. Microtuber and conventional seed tuber plants had similar root development at maximum shoot growth. Tuber production from mid-flowering until plant maturity was similarly affected by soil water stress in microtuber and conventional seed tuber plants. At harvest, plants affected by soil water stress had about 87% of the tuber dry weight of irrigated plants. We conclude, that the greater variation on tuber yield of microtuber plants cannot be attributed to soil water stress from 1 month after emergence. 相似文献
9.
10.
Summary Tubers from six cultivars of potato grown in irrigated and droughted conditions were examined to show whether observed differences
in grade distributions were simple consequences of differences in yield or were the results of changes in tuber shape or in
the relative variability (Rv=σ/μ) of the distributions.
Differences in tuber shape, indicated by the relations between tuber size (mm) and weight, were statistically significant
but were insufficient to cause measurable changes in the grade distributions.
There was a range of values of Rv but drought had no statistically significant effect on Rv and may only affect it by influencing
the numbers of tubers set.
The main effect of drought on the distribution of tuber sizes was through its effect on total yield and hence on mean tuber
size. Yield and number of tubers define a unique tuber-size distribution regardless of the soil moisture stress experienced
by the crop. 相似文献
11.
C. A. Braue R. L. Wample P. E. Kolattukudy B. B. Dean 《American Journal of Potato Research》1983,60(11):827-837
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank) tuber periderm resistance to water loss was monitored during the harvest season. Periderm resistance of tubers from water-stressed plants was compared with tubers from unstressed plants throughout a six-week harvest period, in order to determine the effect of plant condition on tuber resistance to water loss. Tubers stored for ten days at 4°C immediately following harvest were also monitored to determine if storage enhanced periderm resistance and if any difference occurred between tubers from stressed vines compared with those from unstressed vines. During the harvest season, tuber resistance to water loss was positively correlated with plant water stress, as measured by leaf water potential and leaf diffusive resistance. Storage of tubers after harvest also caused an increase in periderm resistance. The commercial practice of vine killing, therefore, may have a positive effect on reducing weight loss in storage by enhancing the resistance of tuber periderm to water loss. 相似文献
12.
A compact subsoil restricts rooting and reduces the volume of soil from which plant roots can obtain water and nutrients. A reduced water supply may result in severe plant water stress between irrigations. A study was conducted on a sandy soil to evaluate the responses of three early potato cultivars (Norgold Russet, HiLite Russet, and Russet Norkotah) to subsoiling to loosen a compact subsoil and to four irrigation regimes. Differences among cultivar responses to irrigation and subsoiling treatments were minor. All performed best with daily irrigation to replace évapotranspiration (ET) and poorest when irrigation was interrupted during tuber bulking. With daily irrigation to replace ET, subsoiling had little benefit, but with inadequate irrigation, subsoiling improved yield and quality of tubers compared to not subsoiling. Averaged over all treatments, HiLite was the lowest yielding cultivar and had the least U.S. No. 1 and the most undersize tubers. Norkotah had the most U.S. No. 1 and the fewest undersize tubers. 相似文献
13.
David Levy 《Potato Research》1992,35(1):17-24
Summary Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) of the cultivars Alpha, Cara, Blanka, Désirée and Idit, were exposed to a transient water deficit during tuber growth.
Drought stress increased the concentration of solutes as assessed by refractometry and lowered the osmotic potentials as assessed
by cryoscopy in both leaf and tuber tissues of the five cultivars. Differences among cultivars, as well as between leaf and
tuber tissue of the same cultivar, could indicate variability of the soluble components contributing to the osmotic potential.
Differences were noted in the response of the cultivars to the environment in terms of osmotic potentials. Essentially, two
types of responses were identified: transient maintenance of lower osmotic potential for 24–48 h after stress relief; and
inherently high concentration of solutes and low osmotic potential. The possible advantage of sensitivity to environmental
changes is also considered.
Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. No. 3010-E, 1990 series.
This study was supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Technical Assistance Department, the Netherlands. 相似文献
14.
A study was conducted to obtain more information on the effects of soil moisture and nitrogen on yield and quality of the Russet Burbank potato. Total yield of tubers increased with nitrogen rates as a result of more tubers per plant and larger tubers but the percent of malformed tubers also increased. Increased nitrogen rates decreased of dry matter of tubers and increased the total amino-nitrogen content of the tubers. Placing all of the nitrogen in bands on each side of the row produced more tubers having growth cracks, culls and reduced yield of No. 1’s when compared with broadcasting. Applying a moisture stress to potato plants during the early tuber set period increased the percentage of malformed tubers having pointed stem ends, bottlenecks and dumbbell shapes; although total yield and grade of tubers were not significantly affected. Irrigating when available soil moisture was 75 or 85 percent instead of 65 percent during the growing season did not affect total yield, grade or tuber quality at the five percent probability level. 相似文献
15.
Jadwiga W. Płodowska Peter H. J. Jongebloed Pieter A. C. M. Van De Sanden Paul C. Struik 《Potato Research》1989,32(3):255-266
Summary Single-stemmed potato plants, cv. Bintje, were grown on a nutrient solution under controlled conditions. They were exposed
to a short drought stress, or remained untreated. Short-term changes in tuber volume and in specific leaf weight were measured
non-destructively.
Tubers from control plants increased rapidly in volume during the night and did not grow, or even shrivelled during the day.
Tubers of stressed plants did not show a uniform response; some tubers markedly declined in volume during the day. The patterns
of volume increase of stressed plants became erratic after the stress, mainly because some plants never fully recovered.
Patterns of diurnal fluctuation in tuber volume were similar to diurnal changes in specific leaf weight; tubers within the
same stressed plant sometimes reacted differently. In these cases the effects on the diurnal fluctuation partly reflected
the long-term effects, reported in an earlier paper. 相似文献
16.
Summary The response of several potato cultivars to salinity levels of 20.5, 34.2 and 51.3 mM NaCl was investigated. Salinity tended
to lower the water and the osmotic potentials of leaves and tubers while increasing the content of total soluble solids and
of proline; it also increased the content of dry matter in the tubers and reduced tuber yields. Susceptibility to salinity
was described by the relative loss of tuber dry weight. ‘Blanka’ tolerated the lowest NaCl level (20.5 mM) and exhibited moderate
tolerance to higher levels when exposed to salinity stress for 37 days.before harvest, but was susceptible when exposed to
the higher levels for 63 days. Cv. Alpha showed moderate tolerance, loosing up to 15% of tuber dry weight when exposed to
salinity levels of 20.5 and 34.2 mM NaCl. Mechnisms involved in the adaptation of potatoes to salinity stress are discussed.
Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. No. 2206-E, 1987 series. 相似文献
17.
Summary Plants of early potato cultivars were sampled at successive harvests during tuber development and individual tubers were analysed
for α-solanine and α-chaconine using high-performance liquid chromatography. Mean tuber total glycoalkaloid concentration
(α-solanine plus α-chaconine) per plant decreased with time and statistically significant differences between cultivars were
observed in the patterns of decline during tuber growth. The mean tuber ratio of α-chaconine to α-solanine increased during
tuber development and was also affected by genotype. Total glycoalkaloid concentration for individual tubers of marketable
sizes (up to 50 g fresh weight) exceeded the safety limit of 20 mg per 100 g fresh weight for cultivars Home Guard and British
Queen but not for Rocket. These differences were attributable to differences in both rates and patterns of glycoalkaloid accumulation
during tuber development, although in all cultivars results were consistent with glycoalkaloid accumulation occurring in the
expanding peripheral cell layers of tubers for a considerable period after tuber initiation. 相似文献
18.
Summary The response of five potato cultivars (Alpha, Cardinal, Désirée, Spunta and Up-to-Date) to a range of amounts of irrigation
nitrogen top dressing (N.t.) in a rainless region was studied by means of the line-source sprinkler method. The irrigation-to-evaporation
ratio,K
p, ranged from 0.14 to 1.27 and N.t. from 12 kg/ha to 201 kg/ha, respectively.
In all cultivars, the yield increased linearly up toK
p=1.0; at higher ratios there was a yield decline in all cultivars except for Cardinal, in which the yield function flattened
off. Spunta was the highest yielding cultivar (16t/ha) in the dry range (K
p=0.14; N.t.=12 kg/ha). Désirée was the highest yielding cultivar (64 t/ha) in the wet range (K
p=1.0; N.t.=201 kg/ha), and Alpha was the lowest yielding cultivar in both the dry and wet range (9 and 46 t/ha, respectively).
Leaf permeability, leaf water potential and photosynthesis rate decreased, and tuber dry matter percentage increased with
decreasingK
p: these indices also varied with plant age, and among cultivars. Yields were adversely affected when soil water potential
at the 30-cm depth dropped below −0.4 bar.
Contributon from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. No E-811, 1983 Series. 相似文献
19.
20.
Many potatoes in the Northwest are grown on sandy soils with sprinkler irrigation. The low water holding capacity and restricted rooting often associated with coarse-textured soils create conditions where water stress injury is likely. Temporary water shortage due to irrigation system failure is a hazard on these soils. The Russet Burbank cultivar is often severely injured by such water stress. It is not known how the cultivars Nooksack and Lemhi respond to these conditions. A study was conducted to compare the responses of Russet Burbank, Nooksack, and Lemhi cultivars to interruptions in irrigation during tuber initiation or during bulking, and to gradually increasing water stress from declining water application rates during the last 8 to 10 weeks of the growing season. In most categories evaluated, Russet Burbank was most injured by water stress, especially in percent U.S. No. 1 tubers. Much of the decrease in U.S. No. 1 tubers was due to small size. Nooksack generally was the least affected by water stress while Lemhi was affected slightly more than Nooksack. Both Nooksack and Lemhi withstood periods of water stress and produced satisfactory yields and grades of tubers while Russet Burbank did not produce profitable levels of marketable tubers. 相似文献