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1.
荣成俚岛斑头鱼摄食生态研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2010年3月至2011年2月逐月采集荣成俚岛近海的743尾斑头鱼(Hexagrammos agrammus),探讨其摄食生态特征。结果表明,斑头鱼为底栖生物食性鱼类,摄食的饵料生物包括11个类群,主要摄食多毛类(Polychaeta),其次是鱼卵、海藻类、海草类、口足类(Stomatopoda)、端足类(Amphipoda)和鱼类等。食物组成随季节和体长而变化:除四季均大量摄食多毛类以外,春季还摄食口足类和虾类,夏季还摄食鱼类和蟹类,秋季还摄食鱼卵和鱼类,冬季摄食鱼卵比例最高;体长80 mm的斑头鱼喜食海草和海藻等植物性饵料,体长80~199 mm的个体喜食多毛类、鱼类和虾蟹类等,体长199 mm的个体主要摄食鱼类、多毛类和鱼卵等。摄食强度也随季节和体长而变化:夏季摄食强度最高,春季和秋季次之,冬季最低(不停食);体长100 mm的个体摄食强度最高,随着体长增加而逐渐下降,体长180 mm以上的个体又随体长和年龄的增大而逐渐升高。对斑头鱼5个饵料生物样品进行了DNA条形码鉴定,其中4个饵料生物样品鉴定到种,1个饵料生物样品鉴定到属。结论认为,斑头鱼的摄食习性会随季节、个体生长和栖息海域饵料生物的种类和丰度的不同而发生变化。 相似文献
2.
海州湾大泷六线鱼摄食生态研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
根据2011年3—12月在海州湾及其邻近海域进行的5个航次底拖网调查,通过分析531尾大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)的胃含物样品,对其摄食生态进行了初步研究。结果表明,大泷六线鱼摄食的饵料种类有60余种,虾类、蟹类、双壳类是其最主要的3种饵料类群,优势饵料生物有东方缝栖蛤(Hiatella orientalis)、疣背宽额虾(Latreutes planirostris)和钩虾(Gammarus sp.)等;其食物组成存在明显的季节变化和体长变化,全年均大量摄食虾类,夏季还摄食一定量的蟹类,秋季摄食多毛类和头足类的比例较高。随着体长的增长,大泷六线鱼摄食的饵料生物由小型甲壳类逐渐转变为体型较大的虾类和鱼类。大泷六线鱼的空胃率和平均胃饱满指数存在明显的季节变化,春季空胃率最高,冬季空胃率最低;平均胃饱满指数春季最高,秋季最低。典范对应分析表明,体长是影响大泷六线鱼摄食的主要因子,其次是底层水温、叶绿素a和pH。 相似文献
3.
枸杞岛海藻场褐菖鲉的摄食习性 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
2007年8月至2008年6月对枸杞岛海藻场生态系统4个盛衰阶段展开调查,共获得297个褐菖鲉样本,对其胃含物进行分析,以研究褐菖鲉摄食习性及其随藻场盛衰、体长的变化规律。结果表明,褐菖鲉的摄食强度很低,空胃率和平均饱满指数随藻场盛衰有显著变化(P<0.05),空胃率随体长的变化不显著(P>0.05),平均饱满指数在小于100.0 mm各体长组间无显著差异(P>0.05);褐菖鲉是底栖生物食性鱼类,食物种类有端足类、虾类、蟹类、棘皮类、多毛类等12大类29种生物,端足类是（%IRI为97.03%）是褐菖鲉最重要的摄食种类;褐菖鲉食物种类随藻场盛衰而变化,在海藻场增长期和茂盛期两个阶段主要摄食虾类和蟹类,在海藻场持续期和衰减期主要摄食端足类;食物种类随体长变化,体长<80.0 mm的褐菖鲉主要摄食端足类等,体长在80.0~99.9 mm的褐菖鲉主要摄食虾类和蟹类,体长大于100.0 mm的褐菖鲉主要摄食鱼类和端足类。 相似文献
4.
长江口斑尾刺虾虎鱼的摄食习性 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
2014年6月至2015年5月,在长江口东旺沙、东风西沙和青草沙潮间带水域隔月进行插网作业,共采集到459尾斑尾刺虾虎鱼(Acanthogobius ommaturus)样品,分析其胃含物。结果表明,斑尾刺虾虎鱼共摄食12类37种生物,主要摄食虾类,其次是鱼类、蟹类等。其饵料生物组成随季节和体长的不同而有所变化,除四季均大量摄食虾类以外,春季还摄食糠虾类和蟹类,夏季还摄食鱼类,冬季还摄食糠虾类;体长70 mm的斑尾刺虾虎鱼主要以幼鱼为食,同时还摄食大量的糠虾类和磷虾类,体长70~189 mm的个体主要摄食虾类和鱼类,体长189 mm的个体主要以鱼类为食。聚类分析结果表明,斑尾刺虾虎鱼秋季的饵料生物组成与春、夏、冬季相比,存在较大差异;体长70 mm的斑尾刺虾虎鱼食物组成与体长≥70 mm相比,存在较大差异。斑尾刺虾虎鱼的摄食强度也有显著的季节和体长变化,Kruskal-Wallis非参数秩检验结果表明,不同季节组和体长组平均胃饱满系数均差异显著(P0.01);列联表检验结果表明,不同季节斑尾刺虾虎鱼的空胃率不存在显著差异(P0.05),不同体长组空胃率差异显著(P0.01)。通过计算Spearman等级相关系数得到饵料生物体长与斑尾刺虾虎鱼体长之间呈显著的正相关(rs=0.263,P0.01)。此外,摄食饵料平均重量和个数随着斑尾刺虾虎鱼体长的增大而增大,符合"最佳摄食理论"。因此,斑尾刺虾虎鱼的摄食习性不仅与环境中饵料生物丰度有关,也与其自身生长发育有关。 相似文献
5.
根据2018年1—4月和8—12月在北部湾采集的248尾日本金线鱼(Nemipterus japonicus)样品,采用传统胃含物分析法和碳氮稳定同位素技术研究其摄食生态。结果显示,日本金线鱼为广食性底栖肉食性动物,摄食饵料生物包括8个类群,鱼类和虾类是优势饵料类群,相对重要指数占比为92.92%。日本金线鱼四季均大量摄食鱼类,另外,在春季兼食虾类,夏季兼食蟹类,秋季兼食虾类和多毛类,冬季兼食虾类和星虫类;随着体长增加,日本金线鱼由摄食虾类和鱼类为主逐渐转变为摄食鱼类为主,摄食转变体长节点为130 mm。摄食强度存在明显的季节变化,秋季最高,春季和夏季次之,冬季最低。日本金线鱼摄食饵料种类多样性较高,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H'')为1.77,Pielou均匀度指数(J?)为0.64,从春季到冬季,H''值和J?值随季节先升高后降低,秋季最高;H?和J?随体长呈增加趋势,体长≥160 mm群体的摄食生态位宽度最大。在同位素分析方面,δ13C值范围为–18.25‰ ~ –15.39‰,极差为2.86‰;δ15N值范围为13.01‰~17.24‰,极差为4.23‰;北部湾日本金线鱼的营养级范围为3.21~4.46,平均营养级为3.97,随着体长的增加,营养级逐渐升高。核心生态位(SEA)在4个季节虽有不同程度的重叠,但总生态位(TA)存在明显季节差异,表明对饵料的利用存在一定的相似,也存在特定的差异,有利于缓解该鱼种对优势饵料的季节性压力。不同大小的群体间SEA的重叠率较高,表明不同生长阶段营养来源成分相似,但不同大小的群体间TA差异较为明显,推测日本金线鱼通过生态位分化减轻种内的食物竞争压力。 相似文献
6.
渤海小黄鱼摄食习性 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
根据2009年8月至2011年5月4个航次渤海底拖网调查所获得的样品,采用胃含物分析法、K-W检验和聚类分析等方法,对38～218 mm体长范围小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)的摄食习性及其随体长、季节的变化进行了研究,并探讨了小黄鱼摄食随海域和年际的时空变化。结果表明:渤海小黄鱼摄食的饵料有40余种,主要以鱼类、虾类和浮游动物为食,优势饵料种类为六丝钝尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys heaema)、日本鼓虾(Alpheus japonicus)、太平洋磷虾(Euphausia pacifia)、长额刺糠虾(Acanthomysis longirostris)和中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)。渤海小黄鱼在春夏秋这三个季节中,春季的摄食强度最低,夏季和秋季的摄食强度都较高,不同的是夏季摄食率更高,而秋季的摄食量更高。随着体长的增大,渤海小黄鱼的摄食策略发生了相应的变化。从摄食强度分析,在体长较小时,胃饱满指数低,小黄鱼通过高摄食率来提高摄食强度;随着体长的增加,通过高胃饱满指数来提高摄食强度。从摄食的饵料个体分析,小黄鱼采取了随着体长增加摄食饵料个数减少,饵料个体增大的摄食策略。从摄食的饵料组成分析,小黄鱼随着体长增加发生了显著的食性转换现象:体长小于60 mm属浮游动物食性;体长60～99 mm时,属混合动物食性;体长100～119 mm时,属虾食性;体长超过120 mm,包括了虾/鱼食性和鱼食性。小黄鱼摄食的时空变化与环境中优势饵料生物的数量波动密切相关。 相似文献
7.
对 2020 年 8 月、11 月和 2021 年 1 月在浙江南部近海进行的底拖网调查采集的 287 尾白姑鱼(Pennahia argentata)和 204 尾黑姑鱼(Atrobucca nibe)胃含物样品进行分析, 采用聚类分析等统计方法研究了这两种石首鱼科鱼类(Sciaenidae)的食物组成、摄食习性随体长变化及饵料重叠情况。结果表明, 浙江南部近海白姑鱼摄食饵料生物 48 种, 主要摄食桡足类(Copepoda), 以哲水蚤(Calanus)居多。黑姑鱼摄食饵料生物 43 种, 主要摄食鱼类(Pisces) 和虾类(Decapoda), 优势饵料种类为七星底灯鱼(Benthosema pterotum)。随着体长的增加, 两种石首鱼摄食的主要饵料生物均由浮游动物等小型饵料生物转向鱼类和虾类等大型饵料生物, 摄食强度也随之变化, 白姑鱼的摄食强度随着体长增加而逐渐降低, 而黑姑鱼的摄食强度随着体长增加呈先下降后上升的趋势。两种石首鱼的营养生态位宽度存在较大差异, 其中黑姑鱼的营养生态位宽度(3.06)高于白姑鱼(1.82), 二者间的整体饵料重叠系数为 0.22, 但在部分体长组中存在较大的饵料重叠, 这表明浙江南部近海白姑鱼与黑姑鱼在部分生长阶段有发生食物竞争的可能。 相似文献
8.
为了解黑棘鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegeli)在大亚湾生态系统食物网结构中的地位和作用, 2018 年 3 月至 2019 年 1 月逐月在大亚湾采集黑棘鲷样本, 分析黑棘鲷的食性组成、摄食强度、生态位宽度以及食性随季节和体长变化的趋势。结果表明, 大亚湾黑棘鲷饵料生物组成主要包括藤壶、鱼类、贝类、蟹类、虾类、星虫类、头足类、 水生植物等 8 个类群, 相对重要性指数百分比(IRI%)表明藤壶是最重要的饵料类群(IRI%为 42.41%), 其次依次是鱼类、贝类、蟹类、虾类、星虫类、头足类和水生植物。大亚湾黑棘鲷全年均有摄食, 摄食强度随季节变化显著, 其中胃饱满指数以春、冬季较高, 夏、秋季较低; 而空胃率则以夏季显著高于其他季节。不同季节食性差异明显, 春季主要以藤壶为食, 夏季主要以鱼类为食, 秋季主要以贝类为食, 冬季则主要以藤壶和鱼类为食, 影响食性组成随着季节变化的主要因子为水温、食物资源的可获得性等; 黑棘鲷体长越长, 越倾向于摄食大个体饵料, 摄食强度也越大, 营养生态位宽度先宽后窄。本研究结果将为今后黑棘鲷的保护和人工养殖提供理论依据。 相似文献
9.
黄海海州湾小黄鱼幼鱼的食性及其随体长的变化 总被引：10，自引：6，他引：4
根据2008年7月和8月在黄海海州湾海域进行的定点底拖网调查,应用K-W非参数秩检验、卡平方检验和聚类分析等方法,对小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)幼鱼(体长20～110mm)的食物组成及其与体长之间的关系进行研究。结果表明,小黄鱼幼鱼摄食的饵料种类有30余种,甲壳类(桡足类、糠虾类和虾类)是主要的饵料类群,在食物中所占的个数百分比为99.50%。优势饵料有真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)、长额刺糠虾(Acanthomysis longirostris)和细螯虾(Leptochela gracilis)。小黄鱼幼鱼的摄食强度和食物组成随体长的增长都有明显的变化,随着体长的增加,食物中虾类和鱼类的比例有所增加,而桡足类和糠虾类的比例则减少。饵料生境宽度在体长大于80mm后有明显的增加。聚类分析的结果表明,小黄鱼幼鱼在体长达到80mm时,出现了明显的食物转换现象。可以认为,小黄鱼幼鱼食性的转变与其体长密切相关。 相似文献
10.
马鞍列岛海域皮氏叫姑鱼渔业生物学初步研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
基于2009年1月—2010年2月渔业资源调查数据,研究了马鞍列岛海域皮氏叫姑鱼的体长组成、体长与体质量关系、性比、繁殖习性和摄食等渔业生物学。结果表明:1)马鞍列岛海域皮氏叫姑鱼群体体长范围30～264 mm,优势体长组为80～100和130～180 mm;2)皮氏叫姑鱼幼鱼和雄性个体的生长呈负异速生长的特性,而雌性个体呈正异速生长的特性;3)雌雄比为1.68∶1(χ2=35.636,P<0.001),雌雄比随月份和体长变化,除8月和9月及体长110～150和160～180 mm外,雌雄个体数差异明显;4)皮氏叫姑鱼的繁殖期从6月持续到9月,其雌性和雄性个体首次性成熟体长分别为124.8和136.4 mm;5)皮氏叫姑鱼的饵料生物随月份和个体生长发生转变,幼鱼主要摄食端足类,而成鱼在繁殖前期主要摄食鱼类和虾类,繁殖期间主要摄食端足类。与其他海域相比,马鞍列岛海域皮氏叫姑鱼群体具有较大的体长范围和优势体长组体长。为持续利用皮氏叫姑鱼资源,建议加强繁殖群体和幼鱼群体的保护。 相似文献
11.
Masahiro Horinouchi Prasert Tongnunui Keisuke Furumitsu Yohei Nakamura Kouki Kanou Atsuko Yamaguchi Ken Okamoto Mitsuhiko Sano 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(3):577-587
To clarify the feeding habits of seagrass fishes, we examined the gut contents from 42 fish species collected in seagrass
habitats in Trang. Thirteen species showed ontogenetic and/or seasonal changes in food-use patterns. Smaller individuals generally
preyed on small planktonic items (e.g., copepod larvae) or small benthic/epiphytic crustaceans (e.g., harpacticoid copepods),
with subsequent changes to other prey items (e.g., shrimps, crabs, detritus and filamentous algae) with growth. The most important
dietary items for the seagrass fish assemblages comprised benthic/epiphytic crustaceans, detritus, and planktonic copepods.
Cluster analysis based on dietary overlaps showed that the seagrass fishes comprised eight feeding guilds (large benthic/epiphytic
crustacean, detritus, planktonic animal, small benthic/epiphytic crustacean, mollusc, invertebrate egg, polychaete, and fish
feeders). Of these, the first three guilds were the most abundantly represented, whereas the last three were each represented
by only a single species. 相似文献
12.
官井洋大黄鱼夏季食物组成和摄食习性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2010年6月在福建省官井洋海域收集579尾大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)标本进行胃含物分析,同步采集取样点附近水域浮游动物及张网样品,比较大黄鱼胃含物种类与水域中生物种类组成的相似性。结果表明:大黄鱼食物种类共32种,种类广泛。大黄鱼主要摄食十足类(相对重要性指标百分比%IRI=49.14%)、鱼类(%IRI=20.47%)、磷虾类(%IRI=18.31%)和糠虾类(%IRI=2.34%),具有以游泳动物、浮游动物为主要食物对象的肉食性摄食习性。细螯虾(Leptochela gracilis)(相对重要性指标IRI=976.10,%IRI=35.38%)和中华假磷虾(Pseudeuphausia sinica)(IRI=505.27,%IRI=18.31%)为大黄鱼食物组成中最重要的食物种类。海区中,浮游动物以桡足类为主,占所有浮游动物总丰度的45.03%,主要优势种为太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica,优势度Y=0.14)、双刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera bipinnata,Y=0.09)和中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus,Y=0.06);张网渔获物共鉴定91种,主要为细螯虾、白姑鱼(Argyrosomus argentatus)、大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)蟳、双斑(Charybdis bimaculata)、三疣梭子蟹(Portunustrituberculatus)、银鲳(Pampus argenteus)鮻和棱(Liza carinatus)。研究表明,大黄鱼对食物种类具有明显的选择性,主要体现在喜好追逐捕食海区中的小型虾类和仔、稚、幼鱼以及体型相对较大的浮游动物磷虾类和糠虾类。 相似文献
13.
Variability in the diet breadth of two sympatric mudskippers Periophthalmus modestus and P. magnuspinnatus in the tidal flats of Suncheon Bay, Korea, was compared. The analysis of 494 P. modestus and 455 P. magnuspinnatus specimens revealed that both were carnivores, consuming mainly gammarid amphipods, polychaetes, insects, and crabs. However, adult P. modestus consumed greater proportions of polychaetes whereas P. magnuspinnatus ate more crabs. The diets of both species showed ontogenetic changes in diet; smaller individuals of both species consumed harpacticoid copepods and gammarid amphipods, whereas larger fishes of both species fed mainly on different preys. The stomach content index (SCI) of both species underwent significant size-related and diel changes; the values of both species were higher in the larger size classes and during the late afternoon. Levin’s index of diet breadths of both species were lower during the day than at night, indicating high prey selection during the daytime. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling ordination emphasized that the dietary compositions of the smaller individuals of both species showed some obvious similarities, with dietary similarity gradually reducing with increasing fish size. This indicates that the two species consume gradually different types of prey as they grow, that is, resource partitioning may be occurring between larger P. modestus and P. magnuspinnatus. 相似文献
14.
Anchored and drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) are intensively used in tropical tuna fisheries. In both small-scale and industrial fisheries, skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) are the main targets. The increasing development of this fishing practice by industrial purse seiners has raised the question of the impact of FADs on tuna communities, as they might act as an ecological trap. This study investigated the feeding habits of skipjack and yellowfin tuna associated with anchored and drifting FADs in the western Indian Ocean. The diet of 352 tunas was analysed taking into account the type of FAD, ontogenetic variations, and the resources richness of the area. Poor-food and rich-food areas were defined according to the abundance of stomatopod Natosquilla investigatoris, the main prey of tunas, on the fishing sites. Diet composition was expressed through functional groups of prey. Significant dietary differences were found between both FAD types, as well as an effect of individual size. Around anchored FADs tuna preyed on diverse assemblages of coastal fish and crustacean larvae and juveniles, whereas a low diversity of epipelagic prey dominated the tuna diet associated with drifting FAD. Compared to anchored FADs, the frequency of empty stomachs was significantly higher and the stomach content mass significantly lower among skipjack and small yellowfin tunas caught around drifting FADs. This was magnified in poor-food areas, where drifting FADs often evolved, suggesting that these FADs could negatively impact the growth of skipjack and small yellowfin tuna. Larger yellowfin tuna exhibited differences in their dietary habits between anchored and drifting FADs, and between poor-food and rich-food areas. However, drifting FADs did not impact them as strongly as juveniles of yellowfin or skipjack tunas. Our study gives new highlights on possible detrimental effects of FAD on tunas, and this has to be considered in future sustainable management strategies of tuna fisheries. 相似文献
15.
Stable isotopes and gut contents indicate differential resource use by coexisting asp (Leuciscus aspius) and pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Mojmír Vašek Antti P. Eloranta Ivana Vejříková Petr Blabolil Milan Říha Tomáš Jůza Marek Šmejkal Josef Matěna Jan Kubečka Jiří Peterka 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(4):1054-1065
Differential use of habitat and prey resources is an important mechanism that may allow coexistence of sympatric species. Unlike interactions between smaller cyprinid and percid fishes, the resource use by coexisting predatory asp (Leuciscus aspius) and pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) is relatively unknown. Here, gut content and stable isotope analyses were used to study ontogenetic dietary shifts and interspecific trophic niche overlap between asp and pikeperch coexisting in two reservoirs. The hypothesis that both species show an ontogenetic dietary shift from small invertebrates to large fish prey, but at the same time use different prey resources to reduce potential competitive interactions, was validated. The isotopic niches of the two predators showed no, or only a moderate, degree of overlap (0%–65%). The ontogenetic changes in the degree of interspecific isotopic niche overlap were different in the two reservoirs, suggesting that trophic segregation can be dynamic and variable among systems. Gut contents revealed that small (<100 mm standard length) asp consumed mostly terrestrial invertebrates and emerged aquatic insects, whereas small pikeperch foraged on zooplankton, larval and pupal stages of aquatic insects and fish. Larger individuals (>100 mm) of both species were predominantly piscivorous, with asp consuming more cyprinid prey and pikeperch more percid prey. Coexisting asp and pikeperch populations are able to utilise different prey resources, thereby reducing potential negative competitive interactions. 相似文献
16.
Laboratory predation trials were conducted to investigate maximum handling size, prey size and type selection by small (35–37 cm in total length, LT), medium (43–46 cm LT) and larger (58–60 cm LT) snakehead (Channa argus) when feeding on a wide size (9–34 mm in carapace width, CW) range of juvenile Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). The maximum handling size of predator feeding on crabs monotonically increased with predator LT and mouth gape width, GW. Snakehead with at least 16.0 cm LT or 27.7 mm GW would be capability to consume the smallest size group of crabs, whereas the predator with 72.6 cm LT or 63.4 mm GW would be capability to consume all size groups of crabs in these trails. Prey‐size selection trials showed that snakehead has a high preference to the small‐sized crabs, and lower preference to the medium or large size crabs. The preference index was significantly affected by prey size and prey size × predator size interaction, however, was not affected by predator size. In prey type experiments, snakehead consumed lower proportions of juvenile crabs when fed on the crab and crucian carp than when fed on only the crab, which suggests alternative fish prey may reduce predation risk of the crab by snakehead in nature. These results could be useful for improving the fishery management and release strategies for the crab. 相似文献