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采用GC-MS联用技术对肿柄菊氯仿萃取相化学成分进行分析,并以白菜[Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr]、萝卜 (Raphanus sativus Linnaeus)和莴苣(Lactuca sativa Linnaeus)为供试植物,采用培养皿滤纸法对不同质量浓度(0.1、0.05、0.025 g/mL)肿柄菊氯仿萃取相进行了生物测定.结果表明,肿柄菊氯仿萃取相化学成分中共鉴定了48个化合物,占其总量的81.28％.肿柄菊氯仿萃取相化学成分主要为醇类、酯类、菇类等,其中含量较高的依次为豆甾醇(10.335％)、穿贝海绵甾醇(8.640％)、十六酸乙酯(7.164％)、7-tert-butyl-1-tetralone( 6.304％)、2-单棕榈酸甘油(4.226％)、新植二烯(4.089％)等.通过种子萌发和幼苗生长抑制试验发现,肿柄菊氯仿萃取相对白菜、萝卜和莴苣种子的最终发芽率及幼苗生长总体上均产生抑制作用,并且随质量浓度的增大,抑制作用增强,其中肿柄菊氯仿萃取相对白菜种子萌发和莴苣幼苗生长影响较为明显. 相似文献
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研究刚果12号桉叶挥发油对植物、真菌和昆虫生长的影响,并对其化学成分作了分析。GC/MS分析结果表明,刚果12号桉叶挥发油的化学成分主要是萜类化合物,其相对含量超过90.0%,如对-伞花烃(6.84%)、β-桉叶油醇(16.12%)、α-桉叶油醇(11.17%)、β-蒎烯(8.99%)等。挥发油对植物、真菌和昆虫均具有生物活性,3种受体植物生菜、萝卜和热研2号柱花草幼苗初期生长受到抑制,叶绿素含量显著减少;对4种植物致病真菌菌落生长和有害昆虫斜纹夜蛾幼虫取食和化蛹的抑制活性尤其显著。 相似文献
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采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术对金钟藤叶石油醚萃取部分脂溶性成分进行分析。结果表明：从金钟藤叶石油醚萃取部分中共鉴定出54种化合物，占色谱峰的76.23%。金钟藤叶石油醚萃取部分脂溶性成分主要为醇类、酯类、萜类、烃类、酸类等，其中含量较高的成分依次为叶绿醇(11.90%)、穿贝海绵甾醇(5.99%)、十烷烃(4.58%)、棕榈酸乙酯(4.14%)、蒲公英醇(3.75%)、三十烷(3.05%)、异丁基邻苯二甲酸(2.84%)、豆甾醇(2.11%)、十八烷二醇(2.11%)、正癸酸(2.07%)、生育酚(2.00%)，说明金钟藤叶石油醚萃取部分脂溶性成分中确实含有具有化感作用的化学物质。此研究为金钟藤的化感成分研究提供依据。 相似文献
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采用常压水蒸气蒸馏法提取柳叶蜡梅茎的挥发油,经GC-MS分析,从挥发油中鉴定出89种化合物,占总油量的84.98％.其中含量较高的成分为亚油酸(11.96％)、棕榈酸(11.38％)、(-)-β-杜松烯(5.10％)、按叶油醇(4.89％)、大根香叶烯D(4.84％)、β-石竹烯(4.16％)、(1α,4aα,8aα)-1,2,4a,5,6,8a-六氢-4,7-二甲基-1-异丙基-萘(2.91％)、樟脑(2.43％)、石竹烯氧化物(2.23％). 相似文献
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采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取香根异唇花[Anisochilus carnos us(Linn.) Wall.]茎、叶和根中的挥发油,经GC-MS分析和标准图谱检索对照,首次从该植物茎和叶挥发油中鉴定出26个化合物,根的挥发油中鉴定出21个化合物,用离子流色谱峰面积归一法计算各化学成分的相对含量,分别占油总量的98.7％和91.24％,根中所含21个化合物为共有成分;两种挥发油鉴定出的化合物主要由烯、醇、酯、酮和酚类物质组成,其中含量前三位的化合物均为α-香附酮(44.48％和36.85％)、香芹酚(18.47％和27.82％)、桔利酮(6.69％和6.31％). 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
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Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献