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1.
植物营养储藏蛋白VSP2是HAD家族蛋白(haloalcanoic acid dehalogenase super family,HAD)的主要成员之一。该蛋白具有酸性磷酸化酶的功能,在橡胶树氮素储存和植物凝集素防御胁迫中发挥着重要的作用。在前期研究中,利用c DNA-AFLP获得了1条与橡胶树棒孢霉落叶病抗病性相关的差异表达片段EST-IAN-24,通过Blast比对分析,发现该基因片段与其他物种的VSP2基因具有较高同源性。采用PCR和RT-PCR技术,克隆获得了一个橡胶树VSP2基因的c DNA和基因组序列,并将该基因命名为Hb VSP2。基因序列分析显示,该基因编码区全长(CDS)975 bp,含有4个内含子和5个外显子,编码324个氨基酸,推测该蛋白的分子质量为30.01 ku,等电点为4.80。该基因蛋白是HAD家族蛋白中的酸性磷酸酶,具有DXDXT基序特征。q RT-PCR定量分析发现,受多主棒孢病菌侵染后,Hb VSP2基因在橡胶树抗、感品种中的表达量存在着明显的差异,抗病品种(IAN873)的表达量显著高于感病品种(PR107),且在接种12 h达到了峰值;此外,该基因在水杨酸、茉莉酸甲酯、乙烯的处理下均能诱导其表达,对茉莉酸甲酯的敏感性明显高于其他2个激素。本研究初步表明,Hb VSP2基因可能参与橡胶树与多主棒孢病菌的互作并且与抗病性相关。 相似文献
2.
前期利用cDNA-AFLP技术分离获得了一个与橡胶树抗棒孢霉落叶病反应相关的差异表达基因片段EST-IAN-188,通过Blast比对分析发现,该基因片段与植物抗病相关NPR基因家族中的NPR1具有高度的同源性。将该片段与橡胶树基因组序列进行比对,设计引物进行PCR扩增,得到了一个橡胶树NPR1基因的cDNA和基因组序列,命名为HbNPR1基因。基因序列分析显示,该基因编码区全长(CDS)1 374 nt,含有两个外显子和一个内含子,编码457个氨基酸,蛋白分子量为51.0 ku,等电点5.82,具有BTB/POZ、ANK锚蛋白重复序列、DUF和NPR1-like C等4个结构域。qRT-PCR定量分析发现,HbNPR1基因在橡胶叶片中的表达丰度最高,特别是古铜期叶片;多主棒孢病菌(Corynespora cassiicola)诱导下HbNPR1基因在抗病品种(IAN873)的表达丰度明显高于感病品种(PR107);另外,SA、MeJA、ET处理下均能诱导HbNPR1基因的表达,SA处理后的表达量丰度最高。本研究初步表明,HbNPR1基因可能参与橡胶树抗病信号途径的调控和寄主对病原菌侵染的防御反应。 相似文献
3.
以橡胶树胶木兼用型品种作为选育种的目标，通过对海南、云南、广东3个区域试验点适应性试种的热垦628的系统观测，结果表明，热垦628生长快，优于速生品种IAN873；抗平流型寒害强，优于或相当于抗寒品种GT1，比云研77-4及IAN873略差；抗风性好，优于或相当于抗风品种PR107；白粉病抗性好，优于GT1，炭疽病的发病率较低，抗至中感；试开割时干含较高，产量优于PR107及GT1，整体表现出了速生、产量高、抗逆性好的特性及良好的适应性，是具很大推广应用价值的胶木兼优品种。 相似文献
4.
为了解MAPK信号途径中hog1基因在多主棒孢病菌(Corynespora cassiicola)侵染橡胶树过程中的作用,根据几种丝状真菌的hog1基因设计简并引物,采用PCR和RT-PCR的方法扩增巴西橡胶树棒孢霉落叶病菌CC01的hog1基因,并对其扩增产物进行测序,同时还对该基因编码的蛋白进行氨基酸序列比对和系统发育分析.结果表明:该基因开放阅读框架为915 bp,编码304个氨基酸残基,包含6个内含子;该基因的氨基酸序列与小麦黄斑叶枯病菌(Pyrenophora tritici)MAPK HOG1(XP_001935555.1)、谷子弯孢病菌(Cochliobolus lunatus)MAP kinase ClK1(AFJ42499.1)等高度同源. 相似文献
5.
以分离自4种寄主的5株多主棒孢菌株接种橡胶树叶片，均得到成功侵染。并按时间顺序测定了来自不同寄主的多主棒孢侵染橡胶树叶片后，细胞防御系统相关的4种酶活性的变化。结果表明，接种来自不同寄主的多主棒孢后，对橡胶树叶片4种防御酶活性的影响不同。其中分离自橡胶树的HCCGD01和HCCHN42两个菌株侵染后，橡胶树叶片组织4种防御酶活性变化最大，均有明显增强；来自木薯的MaCCGD02侵染橡胶树叶片后，酶活性变化次之；分离自番木瓜的CpCCYN01和黄瓜的PaCCSD04多主棒孢菌株侵染后，除PAL外，β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、POD、PPO活性变化很小。 相似文献
6.
利用同源克隆技术,在前期课题组对橡胶树转录组进行测序的基础上,根据模式植物中PR1蛋白的氨基酸序列进行同源搜索并设计引物,通过RT-PCR方法扩增巴西橡胶树PR1同源基因的cDNA片段,命名为HbPR1。该片段包含一个450 bp的开放阅读框,编码150个氨基酸的多肽。生物信息学分析结果表明,该氨基酸序列与杨树(Populus tomentosa)、葡萄(Vitis vinifera)和拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)的PR1蛋白高度同源,同源性分别为76%,74%和72%,并含有SCP_PR1_like结构域。半定量分析结果表明,该基因表达受水杨酸的诱导。以上结果暗示该基因为橡胶树的PR1同源基因,可作为橡胶树系统获得性抗性产生的标签基因。 相似文献
7.
2004年，在云南勐腊植胶区勐腊农场进行橡胶树新品种‘热研8-79’区域性种植试验，2011年正式进入割胶。统计资料表明：该品种幼树期生长较快，7年生胶树年平均茎围生长量达8.17 cm，分别为对照传统种植品种GT1的106.94%和PR107的112.69%，达到开割标准的胶树达73.56%，比对照品种提前一年投产，缩短橡胶树的非生产期，降低在非生产期的管理费用投入；开割第4年平均单株干胶产量达3.91 kg/株，为对照品种GT1的124.52%、PR107的174.55%，充分表现出该品种在勐腊植胶区域具有速生、高产、早熟的品种特点。 相似文献
8.
国外橡胶树优良新品种引进与适应性试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对1986年引进的PB235、PB260、PB310、PB217、PB255、PR261、IAN873、RRIM712等8个国外优良品种进行25 a的栽培适应性研究。结果表明:1~17割年的干胶产量比对照(RRIM600)高的是PB217,单株产量为3.8 kg,为对照(2.8 kg)的135.71%,单位面积产量1 360.5 kg/hm2,为对照(1 137.0 kg/hm2)的119.7%;其余品种均比对照低。25龄树的生势比较结果显示,IAN873、PB217显著优于对照,分别为对照的115.3%、109.4%;其余品种与对照相当或低于对照。IAN873抗辐射型寒害能力强于RRIM600,但较对照GT1低,为中度抗寒品种,PR261抗寒能力强于对照GT1与云研77-4相当,其余6个品种均较对照差。 相似文献
9.
木质素是植物细胞壁的成分之一,其含量高低影响到细胞壁的弹性。橡胶树乳管膨压是割胶后胶乳排出的初动力,乳管细胞壁的物理性能可能是影响乳管膨压的因素之一。本研究采用QRT-PCR和RACE技术,从巴西橡胶树无性系CATAS7-33-97的乳管细胞中克隆到一个木质素合成关键酶CCo AOMT基因的同源基因,命名为HbCCoAOMT。该基因的开放阅读框为741 bp,编码1个由246个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质。该蛋白质分子量为27.76 ku,理论等电点为5.255。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,割胶和乙烯利处理均下调HbCCoAOMT基因在胶乳中的表达。该基因的表达量以及内层树皮的木质素含量在两个橡胶树品种(CATAS8-79和PR107)间存在显著差异。HbCCoAOMT差异表达可能影响到乳管细胞木质素含量和乳管细胞壁的物理性能。 相似文献
10.
在现有割胶制度下对巴西橡胶树3个品种(热研8-79、热研7-33-97、PR107)的死皮病进行了调查。结果表明：这3个品种的幼龄树发病率和停割率从大到小依次为热研7-33-97(开割4年)＞ PR107(开割6年)＞热研8-79(开割3年),中龄树发病率和停割率从大到小依次为PR107(开割15年)＞热研7-33-97(开割8年)＞热研8-79(开割14年)。3个品种的中龄橡胶树比幼龄橡胶树的死皮病发病率、停割率和病情指数都有所上升。总体来看,对于幼龄橡胶树而言,肥水条件较好的地块,年干胶株产量高,发病率和停割率低;而中龄树除热研7-33-97表现出幼龄树的趋势外,其它2个品种(热研8-79和PR107)则干胶株产量高,发病率和停割率也高。绝大多数死皮病属割面干涸类型,少部分为褐皮病;褐皮病有一部分是一开始就发生的,多数是由割面干涸发展而来的。在停割至少1年之后,能够恢复排胶的死皮树比例较小,很少超过10%。在3个橡胶树品种中, PR107品种恢复排胶的比例最高,幼龄树和中龄树恢复率分别达8.70%和6.20%。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
19.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
20.
Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献