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《中国马铃薯》2013,(2):100-105
马铃薯A病毒(Potato virus A,PVA)是马铃薯生产上危害较严重的病毒之一。PVA已知的寄主为茄科植物,在马铃薯上引起的症状与气候条件、马铃薯品种和PVA的株系有关。PVA基因组与其他PVY属已知序列的病毒核苷酸序列同源性在53%58%之间,编码的11种蛋白在基因组复制、蛋白加工、蚜虫传毒、系统移动以及与寄主组分互作等方面具有各自的功能。马铃薯对PVA的抗性分为过敏抗性(HR)和极端抗性(ER)两类,植物对PVA的抗性机制主要分为显性基因介导的抗性、隐性基因介导的抗性、RNA介导的抗性。PVA的致病机理、PVA抗性基因挖掘和抗PVA转基因新策略将是今后的研究重点。 相似文献
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随着对植物病毒基因组和它的卫星RNA的广泛研究,植物病毒学中出现了一些重要概念.了解植物病毒基因组的组成、表达、进化以及成功地应用这些知识可望对未来的农业发展产生重要影响. 相似文献
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番茄斑萎病毒属(Tospovirus)病毒研究进展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
从番茄斑萎病毒属(Tospovirus)病毒成员及分布、蓟马传毒机制、病毒基因组结构与功能、病毒血清组划分和寄主抗性方面,综述了国内外最新研究进展. 相似文献
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采用α-32P标记的三磷酸核苷酸与病毒粒子共浴的方法及Northwestern分子杂交方法,研究证明了RGDV结构蛋白中,P1蛋白可能是依赖于RNA的RNA聚合酶, P5蛋白可能具有RNA鸟苷酰转移酶功能,P6蛋白可能是核酸结合蛋白,是RGDV复制包装中的关键蛋白。与RGDV结构蛋白具有相同生物功能的RDV的核酸结合蛋白与核酸的结合能力最强,依赖于RNA的RNA聚合酶与核酸的结合能力次之,RNA鸟苷酰转移酶与核酸的结合能力最弱。结果暗示了可以根据与核酸的结合能力,辅助判断RDV或RGDV这3个结构蛋白的生物功能。 相似文献
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马铃薯Y病毒研究进展 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)是危害马铃薯的重要病毒之一,在全球广为传播,并造成了严重经济损失。因此深入研究PVY及其与马铃薯的相互作用有助于控制病毒,减轻危害。根据初始寄主植物,PVY可分为以马铃薯为初始寄主的株系群体和以非马铃薯物种为初始寄主的株系群体。以马铃薯为初始寄主的株系群体,依据指示寄主植物(马铃薯品种,烟草)反应,进一步分为PVYO、PVYN、PVYNTN及PVYC等几种类型。依据血清学反应,PVY分成PVYO/C血清型和PVYN血清型。依据基因序列和基因组学,PVY分为PVYO,PVYN,PVYC及一系列PVYO/PVYN重组型如PVYNTN和PVYN:O。症状是寄主与病毒之间复杂的相互作用的结果。一些病毒蛋白和寄主蛋白的相互作用已被证实或逐渐认识到。证据显示HC-Pro起到转录后基因沉默抑制子的作用,从而提高病毒复制能力。马铃薯对PVY的抗性分为极端抗性和高敏抗性两类,多个极端抗性基因(即Ry基因)和过敏抗性基因(即Ny基因)被定位在第9,11和12号染色体上。PVY与植物的分子互作和抗PVY基因资源挖掘与利用将是今后几年的研究重点。 相似文献
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马铃薯Y病毒（Potato virus Y,PVY）是危害马铃薯的重要病毒之一,在全球广为传播,并造成了严重经济损失。因此深入研究PVY及其与马铃薯的相互作用有助于控制病毒,减轻危害。根据初始寄主植物,PVY可分为以马铃薯为初始寄主的株系群体和以非马铃薯物种为初始寄主的株系群体。以马铃薯为初始寄主的株系群体,依据指示寄主植物（马铃薯品种,烟草）反应,进一步分为PVY^O、PVY^N、PVY^NTN及PVY^C等几种类型。依据血清学反应,PVY分成PVY^O/C血清型和PVY^N血清型。依据基因序列和基因组学,PVY分为PVY^O,PVY^N,PVY^C及一系列PVY^O／PVY^N重组型如PVY^NTN和PVY^N：O症状是寄主与病毒之间复杂的相互作用的结果。一些病毒蛋白和寄主蛋白的相互作用已被证实或逐渐认识到。证据显示HC-Pro起到转录后基因沉默抑制子的作用,从而提高病毒复制能力。马铃薯对PVY的抗性分为极端抗性和高敏抗性两类,多个极端抗性基因（即Ry基因）和过敏抗性基因（即Ny基因）被定位在第9,11和12号染色体上。PVY与植物的分子互作和抗PVY基因资源挖掘与利用将是今后几年的研究重点。 相似文献
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《热带作物学报》2017,(11)
由木薯褐色条斑病毒(Cassava brown steak virus,CBSV)和乌干达木薯褐色条斑病毒(Uganda Cassava brown steak virus,UCBSV)引起的木薯褐色条斑病毒病(CBSD)严重威胁着非洲木薯种植业的发展,且目前没有十分有效的防治方法。病毒侵染植物需要借助植物的翻译和复制系统来完成基因组的翻译及自身的复制,其中真核翻译起始因子4E(eukaryotic initiation factor 4E,e IF4E)是多种RNA病毒侵染植物的必需因子。e IF4E7是木薯编码的e IF4E基因家族成员之一,本研究构建该靶标基因的RNAi表达载体p1300-Ca4E7。本生烟瞬时表达系统结合半定量RT-PCR的方法证明,该载体能高效沉默过量表达载体p AI-Ca4E7中的e IF4E7基因在本生烟叶片中的表达。研究结果为进一步研究木薯e IF4E7在CBSV及UCBSV侵染中的作用以及利用RNA技术干扰植物基因的病毒防治新策略奠定基础。 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
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Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Résumé
Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences
d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les
champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents
en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.相似文献