共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
采用PAS、Mallory三色法和腺垂体不同细胞改良染色法3种组织学染色方法,以及透射电镜技术,对驼背鲈(Cromileptes altivelis)脑垂体的形态、组织结构和超微结构进行了研究。结果表明,驼背鲈脑垂体为圆球形实心腺体,位于间脑腹面,由神经垂体和腺垂体2部分组成。根据神经纤维中所含分泌颗粒形态和大小把神经分泌纤维分为A1、A2和B型。神经纤维中存在2种垂体细胞,即呈椭圆形的Ⅰ型垂体细胞和呈梭形的Ⅱ型垂体细胞。腺垂体由3部分组成:前外侧部(RPD)、中外侧部(PPD)和中间部(PI)。腺垂体部可以鉴别出6种内分泌细胞,其中RPD有2种内分泌细胞:促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)分泌细胞和催乳激素(PRL)分泌细胞;PPD有3种内分泌细胞:生长激素(GH)分泌细胞、促性腺激素(GTH)分泌细胞和促甲状腺激素(TSH)分泌细胞;PI只有1种内分泌细胞,即促黑激素(MSH)分泌细胞。此外,腺垂体还有1种非分泌细胞星状细胞(SC)。驼背鲈腺垂体中6种内分泌细胞的分布情况为:前外侧部分布有2种细胞,即嗜酸性的PRL分泌细胞和嗜碱性的ACTH分泌细胞;中外侧部有GH、GTH、TSH 3种分泌细胞;MSH分泌细胞分... 相似文献
2.
长吻鮠脑垂体的组织学观察 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
应用Azan、PAS-MB、AF以及H．E染色方法，时长吻鮠脑垂体的形态组织结构和注射催产激素前后的GTH分泌细胞分别进行了观察研究。结果表明。长吻鮠脑垂体由腺垂体和神经垂体构成。神经垂体较简单,腺垂体结构较复杂，明显分为前腺垂体（RPD）、中腺垂体（PPD）和后腺垂体（PI）。腺垂体内可鉴别出7种激素分泌细胞，其中RPD内2种：为促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）分泌细胞和催乳激素（PROL）分泌细胞；PPD内3种：为生长激素（GH）分泌细胞、促甲状腺激素（TSH）分泌细胞、促性腺激素（GTH）分泌细胞；PI内有2种：为促黑色素激素（MSH）分泌细胞和1种嫌色细胞。 相似文献
3.
为了探讨中华鳖脑垂体的组织结构及其季节性变化,采用H.E染色、三色染色和免疫组织化学染色法在光镜下观察中华鳖脑垂体的显微结构,结合电镜对鳖脑垂体进行超微显微观察。结果发现中华鳖脑垂体同样分为神经垂体和腺垂体,但是缺乏中间部。腺垂体包括结节部和远侧部,远侧部可分头叶和尾叶两部分,头叶大于尾叶,神经部很小。腺垂体中的细胞可分为嗜酸性细胞、嗜碱性细胞和嫌色细胞,各类细胞的分布和形态有明显区别。免疫组化染色证明促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)细胞密集分布于结节部,在远侧部也有零星分布;促性腺激素(GTH)细胞和生长激素(GH)细胞数量在繁殖季节明显多于冬季。电镜下根据细胞大小、细胞核的形状和胞质中分泌颗粒特征可将腺垂体中的细胞分为GH细胞、ACTH细胞、GTH细胞、催乳激素(LTH)细胞、促甲状腺激素(TSH)细胞和嫌色细胞。在这些细胞间有明显的细胞连接。细胞形态和数量在繁殖季节和冬季有明显变化。 相似文献
4.
大黄鱼脑垂体组织学与免疫组织化学 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
用组织学和免疫组织化学方法研究不同发育时期大黄鱼（Pseudosciaena crocea）脑垂体的形态结构和各种促激素分泌细胞的分布。结果表明：（1）大黄鱼脑垂体呈“鸡心“形,由神经垂体和腺垂体组成,腺垂体可分为前外侧部（RPD）、中外侧部（PPD）和垂体中间部（PI）。（2）RPD部有3种细胞,分别为催乳激素（PRL）细胞,促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）细胞,促性腺激素（GtH）细胞。（3）PPD部位于腺垂体腹面,也有3种细胞,其中1种为促生长激素（GH）分泌细胞,呈嗜酸性,另2种呈嗜碱性,分别为GtH细胞与促甲状腺激素（TSH）分泌细胞。（4）垂体中间部有2种细胞,1种为促黑激素（MSH）细胞,呈嗜酸性,另1种为GtH细胞,呈嗜碱性。随性腺发育成熟,大黄鱼GtH细胞的分布从中外侧部扩展至前外侧部和中间部背面;GtH细胞胞质空泡可作为其分泌活动的标志。 相似文献
5.
取越冬前期、越冬期、初春期及夏季高温期3龄雌性尼罗非鲫(Oreochromisnilotica),对其腺垂体中外侧部的超微结构进行观察分析。其中外侧部主要由生长激素(GH)分泌细胞、促甲状腺激素(TSH)分泌细胞和促性腺激素(GTH)分泌细胞所组成。对脑垂体结构的年周期观察结果表明,在卵黄发生期和成熟期阶段,GH细胞处于活跃状态;产卵期间,TSH细胞与GTH细胞显示了同步的高度活跃,TSH分泌可直接促进排卵活动。并讨论各类腺细胞的超微结构特征及分泌颗粒释放方式的特点。 相似文献
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8.
以成年胡子96(Claris fuscus lacepede,体重1.5kg)为研究材料，通过组织化学与形态学研究证实，肥大细胞在胡子鲇肠粘膜与粘膜下数量较多，在头肾和胸腺中也有少量分布，并有沿血管周分布的倾向。肥大细胞以Carnoy氏固定、AB／S0染色的效果最好。以AB／S0着色的肥大细胞胞质颗粒呈深蓝色，胞核呈淡褐色；以TB/SO着色的肥大细胞胞质颗粒呈紫红色，胞核呈淡红色。而中性缓冲福尔马林固定对肥大细胞的着染有一定阻断作用。一些曾被国外学者用于鉴定硬骨鱼肥大细胞(或嗜酸性颗粒细胞)的组织化学技术在本研究中未能鉴定出胡子鲇的肥大细胞。电镜观察证实，胡子鲇肥大细胞中含有大量特征性的胞浆颗粒，胞浆颗粒基质电子密度较均匀，个别颗粒中央呈空泡样。 相似文献
9.
采用组织切片技术，以OlympusBH-2型显微镜对锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)促雄腺的发育进行观察。结果显示，促雄腺附着于射精管近末端，发育过程可分为4期：Ⅰ期促雄腺短小，腺细胞数量少；Ⅱ期促雄腺呈明显的索状；Ⅲ期促雄腺体积达到最大，一些部位膨大增生；Ⅳ期促雄腺不再生长，腺体急剧退化。腺细胞具有2种类型：A型细胞，核圆、异染色质少、胞质染色浅；B型细胞，核扁平、异染色质多，细胞染色深、界限不清晰，有时细胞质消失。促雄腺发育过程中，A、B型细胞数量、比例发生变化。B型细胞为A型细胞完成分泌后的存在形式，B型细胞比例反映了促雄腺分泌活动的状况。锯缘青蟹促雄腺发育和精巢成熟具有一定的相关性。 相似文献
10.
石鲽(Kareius bicoloratus)脑垂体呈鸡心形,由神经垂体和腺垂体两部分组成。腺垂体又包括前外侧部(RPD)、中外侧部(PPD)和垂体中间部(PI)。神经纤维束延伸至腺垂体的各个部分。采用HE、Jafri、HA、Mallory和PAS染色法,结合免疫组织化学方法,对石鲽脑垂体的6种内分泌细胞进行鉴别和定位。RPD部位主要含有PRL和ACTH细胞,PI部位主要含有MSH细胞。PPD部位有4类细胞,分别为GH、Gt H、TSH和嫌色细胞。GH、Gt H和TSH细胞数量随鱼体生长发育而变化,Gt H在性腺成熟期达到高峰,GH细胞和TSH细胞在生长早期数量多。 相似文献
11.
C. Pelissero J. Nunez-Rodriguez F. Le Menn O. Kah 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1988,5(3):109-119
An immunohistochemical study of the sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) pituitary was undertaken using antisera directed against hormones from various classes of vertebrates, including the only pituitary hormone available from sturgeon, gonadotrophin. A positive reaction was obtained after application of antisera towards the following hormones 1–24 synthetic ACTH (1-24 ACTH), melanophore stimulating hormone (MSH), ovine prolactin (oPRL), ovine growth hormone (oGH), salmon growth hormone (sGH), carp gonadotrophin (cGTH) and its beta subunit (cGTH), sturgeon gonadotrophin (aciGTH), carp thyrotrophin (cTSH) and subunit of the human thyrotrophin (hTSH). The results demonstrate that, in general, the sturgeon pituitary resembles that of teleosts as regards the distribution of the different cell types: ACTH and PRL cells in the rostral pars distalis, GTH, TSH and GH cells in the proximal pars distalis and MSH and PAS-cells in pars intermedia. In addition to the topographical organization of the sturgeon pituitary, this study provides data on the immunological relationships between sturgeon pituitary hormones and those of other vertebrates. 相似文献
12.
Gilberto Grandi Maria Gabriella Marchetti Mattia Lanzoni Milvia Chicca 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(4):1115-1139
The adenohypophysis was studied by immunocytochemical and ultrastructural methods in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) from natural reproduction in Northern Italian rivers. The adenohypophysis included the rostral pars distalis (RPD), the proximal pars distalis (PPD) and the pars intermedia (PI), all deeply penetrated by branches of the neurohypophysis (Nh). The prolactin (PRL), adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), somatotropic (GH), thyrotropic (TSH), gonadotropic type I (GtH I) and type II (GtH II), somatolactin (SL), melanotropic (MSH) and endorphin (END) cells were identified with antisera raised against piscine and human pituitary hormones. In juveniles of 51–69 mm of total body length (TL) with undifferentiated gonads, the PRL cells, arranged in thick strands, occupied most of the RPD. The ACTH and GH cells organized in cords bordering Nh were, respectively, confined to RPD and PPD. The TSH cells were scattered among ACTH cells in RPD and among GH cells in PPD. Cells simultaneously immunoreactive to anti-follicle stimulating hormone and to anti-croaker gonadotropin were intermingled among GH and TSH cells, which were mostly in the dorsal PPD. The SL cells were detected in PI layers bordering the Nh. The MSH and END cells were intermingled in PI and, unlike what observed in other teleosts, their respective antisera did not cross-react. In individuals of 78–112 mm TL with gonads at the beginning of differentiation, the GtH II cells were detected in PPD; all other cell types increased in number. These results, supported by ultrastructural investigations, suggest that SL and GtH II cells are directly involved in gonadal differentiation in C. idella. 相似文献
13.
通过对催产和未催产的长吻鮠脑垂体中腺垂体促性腺激素分泌细胞（ＧＴＨ 细胞） 的分泌活动分析,证实了用促黄体素释放激素类似物（ＬＲＨ－ Ａ） ５０μｇｋｇ 加ＤＯＭ５ｍｇｋｇ 混合注射催产长吻鮠,能有效地促使ＧＴＨ细胞分泌促性腺激素,诱导卵母细胞成熟和排卵,催产效果显著。超微结构的进一步观察,揭示了长吻鮠脑垂体ＧＴＨ 细胞中存在两种分泌颗粒,即分泌小球,直径１２００～２０００ｎｍ ,电子密度低;分泌颗粒直径３００ ～５００ｎｍ ,电子密度高。分泌小球释放与卵母细胞的发育成熟有关,分泌颗粒的释放则与排卵相关。 相似文献
14.
3种珍珠贝的外套膜小片外表皮细胞的超微结构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用透射电子显微镜对合浦珠母贝（Ｐｉｎｃｔａｄａｆｕｃａｔａ）、大珠母贝（Ｐｉｎｃｔａｄａｍａｘｉｍａ）和企鹅珍珠贝（Ｐｔｅｒｉａｐｅｎｇｕｉｎ）的外套膜小片外表皮超微结构进行比较观察,发现都是单层柱状表皮,由３类细胞构成,即柱状表皮细胞、粘液细胞和嗜酸性粒分泌细胞。柱状表皮细胞是贝壳和珍珠组份的主要合成和转运者,据其结构和功能的差异可细分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ３型。粘液细胞和嗜酸性粒分泌细胞呈杯状或不规则,体积巨大,细胞质稀少,核的形态亦不固定,前者的胞体全由电子透明泡占据,后者含有大量嗜酸性的电子稠密颗粒。这２类细胞的主要功能是参与物质转运,它们在邻近表皮的结缔组织中也有分布,可作变形运动穿越基膜进入上皮层。 相似文献
15.
M. A. Zandbergen C. A. van Branden R. W. Schulz J. Janssen-Dommerholt J. M. Ruijter H. J. Th. Goos J. Peute 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):255-263
In an ultrastructural immunocytochemical study we investigated the development of the gonadotropic cells in the pituitary of two to six months old male African catfish in relation to testicular development. In this period, pituitary and testicular tissue samples were collected on five occasions (groups I–V). Blood samples could only be taken from the fish in groups III–V. The testicular development was divided in three stages i.e., immature (only spermatogonia, group I), early (spermatogonia and spermatocytes, groups II and III) and advanced (all germ cell stages including spermatozoa, groups IV and V) spermatogenesis. 11-Ketotestosterone blood levels were low, except for the last group. Antisera were raised against the complete catfish α,βGTH-II, as well as to the separate α- and β-subunits of catfish GTH-II. In the proximal pars distalis of immature fish, undifferentiated cells, somatotrops, putative thyrotrops (pTSH) and putative gonadotrops (pGTH) were found. In the two latter, secretory granules were labeled with anti-αGTH, but not with anti-βGTH-II. pTSH- and pGTH-cells were distinguished on the basis of the size of their secretory granules. During early spermatogenesis, two classes of putative gonadotrops could be distinguished. One type had the same immunocytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics as in immature fish; the secretory granules in the second cell type, which was more abundant, were also immunopositive for anti-βGTH-II. The mean volume of the secretory granules in these GTH-II cells was three times larger than that in the early appearing pGTH-cells. In addition, the later appearing GTH-II cells contained large inclusions, known as globules. These structures labeled with anti-αβGTH-II and with anti-βGTH-II, but not with anti-αGTH. It is assumed that the globules are involved in a differential storage and/or breakdown of the GTH-II subunits. During advanced spermatogenesis the two gonadotropic cell types could still be distinguished, but the early appearing pGTH-cell type was scarce. The present observations permit the conclusion that the early appearing cells may be GTH-I cells. However, definitive proof about their identity depends on the availability of antibodies or cDNA probes specific for GTH-I. 相似文献
16.
Rüdiger W. Schulz Karlien Lubberink Matthijs A. Zandbergen Coby Janssen-Dommerholt Jan Peute Henk J. Th. Goos 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1996,15(3):243-254
The gonadotropin (GTH)-stimulated testicular androgen secretionin vitro and the ultrastructure of Leydig and Sertoli cells was studied during the pubertal development in male African catfish. Testicular weight increased from less than 1 mg in the ninth week of age to nearly 600 mg in the 28th week. Immature testes (stage I: spermatogonia) were highly sensitive to GTH and secreted very high amounts of androgens per mg of tissue. The secretion per mg tissue decreased gradually in stages II (spermatogonia and spermatocytes) and III (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids), but precipitously in stage IV (all germ cell stages, including spermatozoa). However, due to the testicular weight gain, the total androgen output per pair of testes increased slightly in stage III and strongly in stage IV. The sensitivity to GTH decreased with the appearance of haploid germ cells in stage III. Leydig cells but not Sertoli cells showed the ultrastructural characteristics of steroid producing cells. Leydig cell morphology did not change in stages I–III, while in stage IV, more smooth endoplasmic reticulum was present. The ultrastructural characteristics of Sertoli cells did not change prominently. Thus, spermatogonial multiplication and spermatocyte formation takes place when the testicular steroidogenic system is highly active and responsive to GTH; whereas the differentiation of haploid germ cells is accompanied by a reduced responsiveness to GTH and by the secretion of several-fold lower androgen amounts per mg of tissue. 相似文献
17.
Molecular cloning and expression of salmon pituitary hormones 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Choy L. Hew Khiet Ye Trinh Shao Ju Du Shiduo Song 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,7(1-6):375-380
A cDNA library was prepared from chinook salmon pituitaries. Growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and the β subunit of gonadotropin
(GTH) genes were screened using synthetic oligonucleotides as probes. Full size cDNA clones coding for these polypeptide hormones
were isolated and characterized. The cDNA sequences for PRL and βGTH have been reported earlier from our laboratories. The
cDNA clone for GH contains 1148 bp and codes for a preGH of 210 amino acids. The chinook salmon GH, reported in the present
investigation, differs from chum salmon GH in only 1 amino acid, and from coho salmon GH in 5 amino acids. Plasmids containing
modified nucleotide sequences coding for GH, PRL and βGTH were constructed individually into an expression vector using the
heat-inducible λ pL promotor. Mature PRL, GH and unglycosylated βGTH were expressed in the bacteria at elevated temperature. 相似文献
18.
The duality of teleost gonadotropins 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Hiroshi Kawauchi Kunimasa Suzuki Hiromichi Itoh Penny Swanson Nobuko Naito Yoshitaka Nagahama Masumi Nozaki Yasumitu Nakai Seiga Itoh 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,7(1-6):29-38
The duality of salmon gonadotropins has been proved by biochemical, biological, and immunological characterization of two
chemically distinc gonadotropins. GTH I and GTH II were equipotent in stimulating estradiol production, whereas GTH II appears
to be more potent in stimulating maturational steroid synthesis. The ratio of plasma levels and pituitary contents of GTHs
and the secretory control by a GnRH suggest that GTH I is the predominant GTH during vitellogenesis and early stages of spermatogenesis
in salmonids, whereas GTH II is predominant at the time of spermiation and ovulation. GTH I and GTH II are found in distinctly
separate cells. In trout, GTH I is expressed first in ontogeny, whereas GTH II cells appear coincident with the onset of spermatogenesis
and vitellogenesis, and increase dramatically at the time of final reproductive maturation. Comparison of the amino acid sequences
of polypeptides and the base sequences of cDNA revealed that salmon GTH I β is more similar to bovine FSHβ than bovine LHβ
and salmon GTH II β shows higher homology to bovine LHβ than to bovine FSHβ. The existence of two pituitary gonadotropins
in teleosts as well as tetrapods suggests that the divergence of the GTH gene took place earlier than the time of divergence
of teleosts from the main line of evolution leading to tetrapods. 相似文献
19.
SUSAN M. CORMIER 《Journal of fish diseases》1986,9(3):179-194
Abstract. The fine structure of livers from Atlantic tomcod, Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum), differed between samples from the Hudson and the Pawcatuck Rivers. The hepatocytes of fish from the Pawcatuck River were characterized by cords two cells wide separated by distinct blood sinuses. The hepatocytes contained moderate amounts of glycogen and lipid, rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and a central nucleus. Hepatocytes of samples from the Hudson River had ceroid plaques, extensive arrays of rough endoptasmic reticulum that were often distended, heavy deposits of lipid that deformed other organelles and no glycogen. The nucleus and cytoplasmic portion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells from the Hudson River were much larger than other hepatocytes and contained fewer fatty deposits, but still had lots of rough endoplasmic reticulum in varying degrees of distension. The pathological manifestations of the hepatocytes are consistent with damage due to exposure to toxic compounds and suggest that the high prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma from the Hudson River tomcod is due to exposure to environmental carcinogens. 相似文献