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欧亚列当 Orobanche cernua var.curnana G.Beck.、向日葵列当 O.cumanaWallr.和列当 O.coeruleacens Steph.同属于列当属 Orobanche,为一年生寄生杂草。这3种列当都是茎直立、单生、肉质、穗状花序、蓝紫色花冠,较难区别,至今人们仍然把它们混为一物,且多以向 相似文献
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庆阳市全膜双垄沟播玉米田杂草种类及优势种群 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对甘肃省庆阳市所辖8个县(区)内160个点全膜双垄沟播玉米田杂草的种类、种群分布调查研究得出,全膜玉米田共涉及杂草17科29属34种,其中杂草优势种9个,按发生频率、相对多度排序依次为:狗尾草(93.75％、62.50％)＞反枝苋(83.13％、31.33％)＞打碗花(73.75％、28.99％)＞藜(70.00％、28.11％)＞马齿苋(55.00％、26.02％)＞止血马唐(53.75％、18.10％)＞毛马唐(46.25％、14.50％)＞龙葵(43.75％、10.76％)＞地锦(33.75％、10.81％).全膜玉米田的杂草主要存在5种群落类型.在以自然降雨为主的半干旱的中南部地区(西峰、宁县、正宁、庆城、镇原塬区)主要分布有3种群落类型:狗尾草、毛马唐、打碗花、藜、反枝苋群落,打碗花、狗尾草、无芒稗、藜、反枝苋群落以及芦苇、止血马唐、地锦、打碗花群落,分别占所调查样方数的46.04％、37.07％、14.58％.在以河流水沟灌为主的北部地区(华池、环县、合水川区)主要分布有2种群落类型:马齿苋、藜、反枝苋、狗尾草群落,地锦、狗尾草、无芒稗、藜群落,分别占所调查样方数的58.73％、30.48％. 相似文献
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新疆奇台县近42a气候变化特征分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
根据新疆奇台县气象站的气温及降水资料,利用线性趋势函数及M ann-kendall突变检测法分析了该地区近42年的气候变化。结果表明:年平均气温与极端最低气温均呈上升趋势,而极端最高气温呈下降趋势;年降水量呈上升趋势。从季节变化来看,除夏季平均气温呈下降趋势,其它各季平均气温均呈上升趋势,其中以冬季增幅最大,秋季次之;各季降水均呈上升趋势,其中以夏季增幅最大,冬季次之。年平均气温未发生突变,而年降水量在1984年发生由少向多的突变。对气温和降水的异常分析得出,暖温年多发生在上世纪80年代后,冷温年多发生在上世纪60、70年代;多雨年主要在近20年,少雨年则多在上世纪60、70年代。此外,该县近42 a来增暖幅度小于全疆和北疆;增湿幅度大于全疆,小于北疆。 相似文献
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综述了我国苜蓿主要病害的分布和危害、病原学、发生规律、抗性种质材料的遗传筛选和鉴定及综合防治等方面的主要研究进展,并提出了今后的研究方向和发展目标。 相似文献
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Cees Waalwijk Pieter Kastelein Ineke de Vries Zoltan Kerényi Theo van der Lee Thamara Hesselink Jürgen Köhl Gert Kema 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):743-754
The re-emergence of fusarium head blight throughout the world and especially in Western Europe prompted a survey of the situation in the Netherlands. To allow for a high throughput screening of large numbers of samples, a diagnostic PCR method was developed to detect the most common species of Fusarium occurring on wheat. Seven primer pairs were tested for their ability to identify isolates of Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae, F. proliferatum and Microdochium nivale var. majus and M. nivale var. nivale. Each primer pair only generated a PCR product with the corresponding Fusarium species and all PCR fragments had different molecular sizes. This allowed the generation of these amplicons using a mixture of all seven primer pairs. The robustness of this multiplex PCR encouraged us to screen a large series of isolates collected in 2000 and 2001. In both years 40 fields were sampled leading to a collection of 209 isolates from 2000 and 145 isolates from 2001. The results of the multiplex PCR demonstrated that F. graminearum was the most abundant species in the Fusarium complex on wheat in both years. This is in sharp contrast to reports from the 1980s and early 1990s, which found F. culmorum as the predominant species. Primers derived from the tri7 and tri13 genes, which are implicated in the acetylation and oxygenation of the C-4 atom of the backbone of the trichothecene molecule, were used to discriminate between deoxynivalenol and nivalenol (NIV) producers. The populations of F. culmorum and F. graminearum both showed a slight increase in NIV-producers in 2001. 相似文献
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弹状病毒含有单链负义RNA基因组,寄主范围比较广泛,能侵染无脊椎动物、脊椎动物以及植物等寄主,对人类的健康、农作物产量和自然生态系统造成严重威胁。植物弹状病毒主要根据复制场所分为细胞质弹状病毒属Cytorhabdovirus和细胞核弹状病毒属Nucleorhabdovirus,其基因组由单股负链RNA组成。此外,Dichorhavirus和Varicosavirus病毒属是两个新鉴定的植物弹状病毒属,其特征是具有二分体基因组。本文着重介绍危害我国农作物的几类植物弹状病毒,对它们的病理学、病害流行、基因组信息以及传播媒介进行概述,为中国植物弹状病毒病害的研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Variation in pesticide residues in space and time has not been investigated systematically in spite of the large variability found at single scales (e.g. between trees or orchards). Information on variability at different scales will support the development of sampling methods and more reliable prediction of residues. Experiments were conducted to quantify the spatiotemporal variability in initial spray deposit on apple leaves and fruit using a substitute tracer (zinc EDTA chelate). Five hierarchical spatial scales were defined as (1) between orchards, (2) between plots within an orchard, (3) between trees within a plot, (4) between zones within a tree and (5) between leaves/fruit within a zone. Similarly, two temporal scales were defined as (1) between applications within a single year and (2) between years. The initial zinc concentration was approximately log-normally distributed; the variability in initial deposit concentration was greater on leaves than on fruit. The average initial zinc deposition was significantly greater in the top and outside zones than in the middle zones within individual trees. The most important scale for driving residue variability is the within-zone unit-to-unit variation, contributing to 71 and 49% of the observed variability for leaf and fruit samples respectively. Variability at other scales was related to the variation in the tree architecture. The results indicated that stratified sampling on the basis of within-tree zone structures, with the effort focused on within-zone sampling, should be used for the determination of pesticide residues. 相似文献