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昆虫病原真菌和捕食螨是害虫治理中的两类重要生防作用物。由于二者在控害方式上存在互补性,其联合应用对害虫防治具有潜在的增效作用。然而,昆虫病原真菌与捕食螨是否兼容一直存在争议,二者在田间的联合应用受到限制。本文总结了昆虫病原真菌和捕食螨的互作关系、二者联合应用的现状,并对存在的问题和未来发展方向进行了探讨。 相似文献
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捕食螨是多种有害螨类的天敌。利用捕食螨来防治农业害螨在农业生产中很有利用价值和现实意义。但在当前我国的农业生产中 ,各种病虫害的种类很多 ,目前主要还是依靠农药来进行防治。为了协调生物防治和化学防治的关系 ,建立合理害螨的综合防治体系 ,在农业生产中使用农药必须注意与保护利用捕食螨相协调。本文对捕食螨受农药的影响及捕食螨抗药性品系筛选及其遗传机制等在国内的研究概况作一综述。1 农药对捕食螨的影响 在农业有害生物的综合治理中 ,生物防治与化学防治都是广泛采用的措施。因此 ,天敌与农药的协调问题必须重视。农药… 相似文献
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释放智利小植绥螨防治设施栽培草莓上二斑叶螨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
二斑叶螨是为害草莓的重要害螨之一。随着杀虫、杀螨剂的抗药性问题以及在水果上的残留问题日益严重,生物防治成为解决这一问题的重要措施。本文研究了释放智利小植绥螨对温室大棚草莓上二斑叶螨种群的控制作用。结果表明:3个释放密度(240、120、60头/株)的智利小植绥螨对温室草莓上二斑叶螨种群均有很好的防治效果,最高虫口减退率及防效都在80%以上,化学农药43%联苯肼酯SC对二斑叶螨种群的最高防效仅为61.89%;随捕食螨释放量的增加,防治效果也越显著。综合平衡生防成本与防效,推荐释放量为60头/株。 相似文献
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《中国植保导刊》2021,(9)
通过在青海省海东市设施黄瓜上释放胡瓜钝绥螨、斯氏钝绥螨,以施用螺虫乙酯为对照,比较不同处理对蓟马和叶螨的防控效果。结果表明,在蓟马发生初期,释放胡瓜钝绥螨25万头/667m~2、斯氏钝绥螨4.4万头/667m~2、喷施22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂30 mL/667m~2,处理后15 d防效分别为1.10%、2.97%和81.69%,30 d防效分别为54.14%、74.18%和91.20%,45 d的防效分别为94.28%、100%和97.12%。释放捕食螨和喷施螺虫乙酯30 d后调查发现叶螨;释放捕食螨30 d后,叶螨密度均低于1头/叶,释放胡瓜钝绥螨和斯氏钝绥螨45 d后害螨密度分别为16.70头/叶和5.20头/叶;螺虫乙酯防治处理30 d后,叶螨密度为16.60头/叶,45 d后叶螨数量急剧上升,高达125.10头/叶。释放捕食螨见效慢但持效期长,且后期防效好,可在生产中应用。 相似文献
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烟粉虱是一种世界性重大害虫,随着杀虫剂的抗药性问题以及在蔬菜上的残留问题日益严重,生物防治成为解决这一问题的重要措施。本文研究了释放巴氏新小绥螨对温室大棚番茄上自然发生的烟粉虱种群的控制作用。结果表明:释放巴氏新小绥螨,对温室大棚番茄上的烟粉虱的种群具有明显的压制作用;温室大棚番茄上烟粉虱种群,在释放捕食螨和常规对照处理间的总体动态趋势相同,烟粉虱的数量在番茄植株上的分布均为上部中部下部叶片,但常规对照处理的烟粉虱数量是释放捕食螨处理的2～3倍;在烟粉虱种群密度低时,释放巴氏新小绥螨的防治效果较好,达到90%以上,随着烟粉虱密度的增大,巴氏新小绥螨对烟粉虱的防治效果下降,但番茄拉秧时防效仍可达到55.70%。相比化学农药,释放巴氏新小绥螨的生物防治措施对治理烟粉虱更具有稳定性和长效性的优势。 相似文献
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在北京海淀区草莓园和密云县板栗园进行释放拟长毛钝绥螨控制草莓和板栗害螨的试验。试验共设置益害比为1∶10、1∶30、1∶90的3个处理和常规农药处理,以不释放捕食螨,也不使用农药作为对照。结果显示,在草莓园,益害比为1∶10和1∶30时释放14 d后对害螨的防效分别为90.46%和85.02%,释放28 d后防效分别为95.2%和98.3%,益害比为1∶90时前期控制效果较差,28 d后防效也达到了93.74%。在板栗园,益害比为1∶10和1∶30时释放28 d后对害螨的防效分别为77.28%和72.19%,释放42 d后防效分别为94.00%和86.86%,益害比为1∶90的防治效果较差,释放42 d后防效也只达到78.51%。释放捕食螨的防治效果显现时间滞后于化学防治,但持效性好,在板栗园差异尤为明显。 相似文献
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绿色防控技术与统防统治融合助推苹果产业转型升级 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
甘肃省静宁县以其核心优势产业苹果为抓手,积极开展绿色防控技术与统防统治融合示范推广工作。采取的绿色防控技术措施包括健身栽培、清洁田园、刮除树皮、黑膜覆盖、束(覆)草诱集、树干涂白等农业措施,悬挂黄板、安装杀虫灯、涂抹剂阻隔技术、利用糖醋液、性诱剂、释放捕食螨、胡瓜钝绥螨等捕食螨防治害螨等生物防治、物理防治及生化诱控技术措施,以及病虫害发生高峰期及时施用高效、低毒、低残留化学农药防控。在此基础上,通过科学制定实施方案、集成绿色防控技术、扶持统防统治示范、推广合理安全用药等措施,推进绿色防控技术与统防统治融合。分析了使用绿色防控技术取得的经济、社会和生态效益及尚待解决的问题,并提出了对策建议。 相似文献
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云南省捕食螨种类及分布调查 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1992年－1999年对云南省捕食螨种类及分布进行了系统调查，云南省捕食螨8科12属56种，其中植绥螨科有6属51种，从海拔320m－3250m地区都有分布。根据云南省捕食螨各类及其地理分布特点，将云南省捕食螨的地理分布从垂直方向分为高寒带、中暧带和亚热带3个层次，代表不同海拔、气候、耕作制度、捕食螨特点等。捕食螨各类及分布的系统调查为制定捕食螨的合理保护和利用及农林害螨类的综合治理和控制措施提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Due to resistance to insecticides (or plant protecting agents) the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis is difficult to combat in cut roses cultures with conventional methods. In that case the predatory mite Amblyseius cucumeris could be a very effective biological alternative when applied in high numbers of 1000 mites per square meter against low density thrips population. The key to success is early application at the beginning of the vegetative growth before the thirps becomes active and the first larvae appear. The efficiency of the mites is not sufficient when the thirps population density in spring is high. Caused by the fecundity and fast development of Frankliniella occidentalis in higher temperatures, the application of chemical protecting agents in summer could be unavoidable. Because of the proven resistance Western flower thrips developed against the insecticides permitted in Germany, the chemical agents may not be effective. Only an optimal application can provide a satisfactory reduction of the thrips population. The development stage of the roses must be taken into account as well as right application intervals of insecticides. In order to develop a sufficient and effective control of Western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis and improve resistance management the application of predatory mites seems to be inevitable in future. 相似文献
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Mites for the control of pests in protected cultivation 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The production of crops under protected conditions is increasing worldwide. Owing to growing consumer demands for healthy and green produce, and intensifying pesticide resistance, non-chemical solutions--foremost among which is biological control--are being sought. The authors review recent advances related to the application of predatory mites for the control of greenhouse pests, and discuss interactions among acarine biocontrol agents (ABAs) and the effects of crop plants and new technologies on ABAs, such as artificial lighting, elevated carbon dioxide levels and genetically modified organisms. This is followed by a discussion of the problems associated with the search for and use of new ABAs, including management, the benefits of modelling and avenues of future research. 相似文献
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David M. Suckling Jim T. S. Walker Peter W. Shaw Ngaire P. Markwick C. Howard Wearing 《Pest management science》1988,23(2):157-164
Two related insecticide resistance management programmes are under way in New Zealand horticulture. The first aims to limit the spread and impact of azinphos-methyl resistant lightbrown apple moth (LBAM) in an applegrowing district. In the second, the introduction of pyrethroid (SP) resistance in organophosphate-resistant (OP) Typhlodromus pyri makes it possible to undertake biological control of the European red mite that is compatible with SP and OP control of orchard pests. In the LBAM programme the resistant zone, which includes alternative host-plant reservoirs, has been delineated by detailed resistance monitoring with topical application of males caught using female sex pheromone. In that zone, chlorpyrifos, to which the azinphos-methyl resistant LBAM has low cross-resistance, is used in the short term to control resistant moths, while alternative measures (e. g. other insecticides and mating disruption) are investigated. Recognition of the importance of immigration from alternative host plant reservoirs has led to specific tactics such as the application of pyrethroids to non-crop areas. This resulted in a significant decrease of the resistant population. So far, however, SPs have not been registered in apple orchards because they kill OP-resistant predatory mites which control the European red mite, and also because of the lack of residue tolerances for SPs in some overseas markets. Following the assessment of the potential value of pyrethroids in pipfruit, DSIR started field selection for pyrethroid resistance in predatory mites, which was later expanded to include laboratory selection. The successful development of pyrethroid-resistant predators which retain organophosphate resistance is permitting the introduction of biological control of European red mite compatible with the use of these two classes of insecticides for control of other pests. In future, the lepidopterous pests on New Zealand apples may be controlled by pyrethroids, scales and other minor pests by organophosphates, and European red mite by multi-resistant predatory mites. 相似文献
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Testing banker plants for biological control of mites on roses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pia Parolin Cécile Bresch Gauthier Ruiz Nicolas Desneux Christine Poncet 《Phytoparasitica》2013,41(3):249-262
We tested whether plant species used in a banker plant system influence the success of a biological control program with predatory mites. Banker plants (BP) may sustain a reproducing population of predators and provide long-term pest suppression. In an experiment lasting 12 weeks, we analyzed the responses of the predatory mite Amblyseius californicus and the pest mite Tetranychus urticae to eight species of potential BP with different morphological structures. Every BP was paired with a rose plant and infested with pest and predatory mites. The measured parameters were vitality and growth of the plants and numbers of predators, pests and their eggs. Reproduction and establishment of the pest and predatory mites differed among plant species as well as plant growth and vitality. Vitis riparia and Viburnum tinus were the most efficient BP in this combination of pest–predator species. Their presence resulted in best health of the rose crops, highest number of predatory mites and lowest number of pests. Both these BP possess domatia which may be responsible for the efficiency in hosting predatory mites. Overall, the species which fulfilled the requirements of a BP best was the local shrub V, tinus, which bore no pests and a very large number of predators and has a compact growth form suited for application in greenhouses. Although our study gives only evidence for an artificial system with a high BP:crop ratio, high numbers of introduced predators and short distances between plants, this study contributes to knowledge of BP systems and to improve the understanding of the criteria for the choice of local plant species to be used as BP for biological control in IPM. 相似文献
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荔枝瘿螨是为害荔枝的一类重要害虫,体型小、种类多、分布广。随着荔枝种植面积的扩大、荔枝果实和荔枝苗木的远距离运输,给荔枝瘿螨的传播创造了条件。本文主要总结了国内荔枝瘿螨的研究结果,阐明了荔枝瘿螨的种类及其分布特点;以荔枝瘤瘿螨Aceria litchii和荔枝分位瘿螨Disella litchii为例,阐述了荔枝瘿螨的生物学特性及种群动态、天敌、寄主(荔枝品种)的抗虫(瘿螨)性、种群监测技术、防治措施等方面的研究进展。结合产业发展,指出生产中亟待解决的问题和研究方向,并提出建立“以农业防治为基础、生物防治相结合、化学防控为辅助”的荔枝瘿螨综合防控技术体系的具体措施。 相似文献
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Daniel Bernardi Marcos Botton Uemerson Silva da Cunha Oderlei Bernardi Thibaut Malausa Mauro Silveira Garcia Dori Edson Nava 《Pest management science》2013,69(1):75-80
BACKGROUND: The spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is the major strawberry pest in Brazil. The main strategies for its control comprise synthetic acaricides and predatory mites. The recent register of a commercial formula of azadirachtin (Azamax® 12 g L?1) can be viable for control of T. urticae. In this work, the effects of azadirachtin on T. urticae and its compatibility with predatory mites Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus macropilis in the strawberry crop were evaluated. RESULTS: Azadirachtin was efficient against T. urticae, with a mortality rate similar to that of abamectin. In addition, the azadirachtin showed lower biological persistence (7 days) than abamectin (21 days). Azadirachtin did not cause significant mortality of adult predatory mites (N. californicus and P. macropilis), but it did reduce fecundity by 50%. However, egg viability of the azadirachtin treatments was similar to that of the control (>80% viability). The use of azadirachtin and predatory mites is a valuable tool for controlling T. urticae in strawberry crop. CONCLUSIONS: Azadirachtin provided effective control of T. urticae and is compatible with the predatory mites N. californicus and P. macropilis. It is an excellent tool to be incorporated into integrated pest management for strawberry crop in Brazil. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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蚜虫是农业生产上的重大害虫,不仅通过取食韧皮部直接为害植物,还会传播很多植物病毒病,严重影响农作物产量和品质。目前防治蚜虫仍以化学农药为主,然而生物防治作为绿色环保、可持续的防治策略在这几十年中也得到了长足发展。该文对我国近60年关于主要农作物蚜虫生物防治的研究进展进行概述,包括主要农作物蚜虫的天敌资源（主要寄生性天敌196种,主要捕食性天敌16种,主要病原微生物6种）、蚜虫主要天敌生物学和生态学研究、人工扩繁及应用技术及植物抗蚜机制和抗蚜种质资源挖掘,并对目前蚜虫生物防治中存在的问题及未来的研究方向进行展望,以期为蚜虫生物防治技术的发展和推广应用提供参考。 相似文献