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1.
The effect of the parental genotypes and colchicine treatment on the androgenic response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) F1 hybrids was studied. For this, anthers from three F1 hybrids and their parents were cultured on W14 initiation medium and W14 supplemented with 0.03% colchicine. The number of responding anthers, microspore‐derived structures/100 anthers, green plants/embryos cultured, green plants/100 anthers and albino plants/100 anthers were recorded. It was observed that embryo formation and plant regeneration ability were genetically controlled and genotype dependent. In both treatments the variety Kavkaz had a significantly higher percentage of responding anthers, microspore‐derived structures and green plants/100 anthers than the other genotypes. On the other hand, the variety Myconos also demonstrated high microspore‐derived structure production and green plant regeneration when treated with colchicine. The good response observed in these two varieties indicates the importance of colchicine treatment only for certain genotypes. Green plant production capacity of the hybrids was intermediate to that of the parental varieties. As one parent with a high or even an intermediate response to anther culture could lead to the production of sufficient (for breeding purposes) green plants from the F1 hybrids, it was concluded that screening the inbred lines for the response to anther culture with and without colchicine treatment could contribute to utilization of breeding material with a low response to anther culture via the proper hybrid combinations.  相似文献   

2.
A total of 257 parental wheat and 38 triticale lines were used for anther culture. On average, 2.1 green wheat haploids were obtained per spike. This response occurred irrespective of the origin of the material (Germany, France, Sweden or UK) and 5 years of testing. Triticale responded with 5.3 green haploids per spike. Using the criterion that one parental line should give at least one green haploid per spike in the screening experiment, green haploids were produced from 88 out of 91 F1 wheat breeding combinations and from each of 21 F1 and F2 triticale breeding combinations. An average of 4.7 green plants were obtained per spike from the wheat production programme, while the triticale programme gave an average of 6.2 green plants per spike. A single medium supplemented with different hormones for anthers and embryos was used for culture of both crops.  相似文献   

3.
S. Immonen 《Plant Breeding》1999,118(4):319-322
Twenty varieties and breeders’ lines of winter rye, Secale cereale L., including Finnish, Polish, Russian, Swedish and Danish germplasm, were tested for their anther culture ability. To establish a reference point, the initial culture method was based on published results from rye anther culture. Following results from methodological studies, a modified protocol was tested on the same 19 winter rye lines. The modifications to the protocol included growth of mother plants under controlled greenhouse conditions, prolonged cold pretreatment of spikes for 3 weeks at 4°C, excision of anthers with microspores in the late uninucleate/binucleate developmental stage and induction on liquid medium supplemented with a buoyancy increasing component, Ficoll. With the modified protocol, the total production of green androgenetic plants increased nearly fivefold; it reached an average of 2.75% with the best line yielding 12.5%, while the proportion of green to albino plants increased by 50% to 25.1%. Eighteen rye lines showed green plant regeneration ability. Several genetically different winter rye lines with relatively good anther culture ability, yielding ≤ 1/% green plants per 100 anthers, were identified for the use in further methodical studies and for researching doubled haploidy in rye breeding.  相似文献   

4.
The production of haploid plants through microspore culture is a very important tool for plant breeding. However, progress in microspore culture for many species has been hampered by a number of factors that have resulted in low recovery of regenerated green plants. In this study, a series of experiments were conducted to increase the regeneration of haploid green plants from isolated wheat microspores. The use of different basal media and variations in media components resulted in the increased recovery (approximately double) of regenerated haploid wheat plants. Our findings demonstrate that CHB medium, in combination with 2,4-d, was a better medium for embryoids induction and plant regeneration than medium MC17 with either 2,4-d or PAA growth hormones. Wheat microspores cultured without ovary co-cultivation did not respond. Furthermore, high efficiency of microspore derived embryoids (up to 296 MDEs per 100 anthers) and green plant regeneration (up to 71 green plants per 100 anthers) were achieved by the use of gelrite instead of agarose as a gelling agent, and by the addition of media additives such as spent medium or MET.  相似文献   

5.
Two haploid induction media (190-0 and W14mi) were tested in isolated microspore culture of two triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) genotypes. The W14mi medium proved superior for the production of green plantlets in both genotypes. This basic medium (W14) was used to compare two doubled haploid production methods (isolated microspore culture and anther culture) with the same genotypes. The induction of androgenesis was more effective in isolated microspore culture than in anther culture. The number of embryo-like structures was 9.2 times higher in microspore culture (511.0/100 anthers) compared to anther culture (55.5/100 anthers) and the number of regenerant plantlets was also 3.4 times higher (anther culture—20.15/100 anthers; isolated microspore culture—67.6/100 anthers). However, the regenerant plantlets from isolated microspore culture were mainly albinos while predominantly green plantlets were regenerated from anther culture. The production of green plantlets from anther culture (16.8/100 anthers) was 2.9 times higher than from isolated microspore culture (5.8/100 anthers). The efficiency of anther culture was tested with eight winter triticale genotypes. The phenomenon of albinism did not hinder the green plant production in anther culture. Mean green plantlet production was 10.87/100 anthers. This value was two times higher than the number of albinos (5.01/100 anthers) and higher than previously published reports. The anther culture protocol described in this study is an efficient tool for the production of microspore-derived green plantlets in triticale.  相似文献   

6.
Components of Response in Barley Anther Culture   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Anther culture response with 17 widely-grown varieties and one model variety of barley was studied with one replication from field-grown donor plants and one replication from a growth-chamber. Plants were regenerated from all 18 varieties and green plants were obtained from 16 of them. On average, 1.6 green plants were obtained per 100 cultured anthers from all the material. Estimated variance components for the formation of embryos/callus from the anthers were dominated by the effects of the genotypes and interactions between plant material and environments which together accounted for 60.1 and 17.0 % of the total variation respectively, while environments were nonsignificant for this character. Plant regeneration from embryos/callus were not significantly influenced by either genotype or environments. Components of variance for green plant formation were dominated by the effects of the genotypes, accounting for 73.2 % of the total variation, and a smaller effect from environments accounting for 11.2% of the total variation. Main effects from genotypes on the percentage of green regenerants divided 7 varieties into two distinct groups, indicating that major genetic factors were involved. The genetic basis for green plant regeneration seems different from that governing embryo formation. The results are discussed with respect to the possible prediction of anther culture response for new barley hybrids, as a means for directing the use of barley anther culture towards material that responds well.  相似文献   

7.
The effect of colchicine added to induction medium for the production of fertile doubled haploid plants after in‐vitro anther culture was studied in wheat, Triticum aestivum L. For this, one winter and two spring wheat varieties were used. Anther cultures of the three genotypes were treated with 0.03% colchicine for 3 days at the beginning of microspore induction. Colchicine had no significant effect on anther response and embryoid production of the genotypes examined. However, in the winter wheat genotype ‘Mv Szigma’, colchicine caused a significant reduction in microspore‐derived structures. A significant decrease was also observed in plant regeneration ability of two genotypes (‘Vergina’ and ‘Acheloos’) after colchicine treatment. In addition, a significant reduction of the albinos produced was observed in all genotypes after olchicine treatment. In contrast, the regenerants obtained from the colchicine‐supplemented induction media produced significantly higher percentages of fertile plants in all genotypes. However, the level of fertility, was significantly different among the fertile plants obtained. This, together with the observation that in the case of the winter wheat variety the colchicine treatment resulted in 100% completely fertile plants with a high seed‐setting ability indicate that there is space for further improvement of the method when it is applied to spring cultivars. Finally, the increased number of seeds per 100 plated anthers obtained from all three genotypes after colchicine treatment, clearly demonstrates that the addition of colchicine to induction medium was superior to the conventional anther culture method and it could therefore be introduced into wheat breeding programmes.  相似文献   

8.
S. Madsen    A. Olesen    B. Dennis    S. B. Andersen 《Plant Breeding》1995,114(2):165-168
Genetic control of the capacity to respond to anther culture in perennial ryegrass was studied in F1 offspring from crosses between 11 clones selected for anther-culture response (‘inducers’) and 10 clones selected from breeding material on the basis of good agronomic performance. Large differences in anther-culture response were observed between the two types of parent, with inducer clones producing an average of 10.7 green plants per 100 anthers, compared with only 0.3 for breeding clones. Hybrid populations produced an average of 2.2 green plants per 100 plated anthers, which is 7.3 times the response of the breeding material. This improvement was mainly due to a 9.4-fold increase in the percentage of green plants regenerated from hybrid populations to 4.7% compared to an average of 0.5% from breeding clones. Most of the GCA (general combining ability) in the experiment was contributed by the breeding material, constituting 55.8, 100.0 and 36.7% of genetic variation among hybrids for embryo formation, regeneration and green plant percentage, respectively. Any remaining genetic variation among hybrids was predominantly due to SCA (specific combining ability) effects, with percentages of 44.2 and 63.3%, respectively, for embryo and green plant formation. These results are discussed with respect to the possible exploitation of genes controlling anther-culture response for haploid production in breeding programmes of perennial ryegrass.  相似文献   

9.
Utilization of the doubled haploid method of breeding usually shortens the time to cultivar release, and methods of haploid production need evaluation in a breeding programme. Thirty-eight different three-way crosses were tested for anther culture response. On average 5.8 percent of the anthers cultured produced calli. Three crosses were found recalcitrant for callus induction. Overall, the anther culture method produced 0.6 plantlet per 100 anthers cultured. Five crosses with an average of 5.8 and 2.8 percent of anthers producing calli and plantlets, respectively, were compared using anther culture and wheat × maize crosses. Non-responsive genotypes for callus induction and plantlet formation in the anther culture method proved to be good parental material in wheat × maize crosses. The average percentages of embryo formation and plantlet production in wheat × maize crosses were 10.3 and 4.7, respectively. Anther-derived plants were cytologically unstable, whereas all the plants regenerated from wheat × maize crosses were haploids (n = 21 chromosomes). The chromosome numbers of the polyhaploids were doubled with a colchicine treatment. Improvement of the two haploid production methods to facilitate their efficient use in a breeding programme is discussed.  相似文献   

10.
G. Müller    H. Borschel    U. Vahl    A. Wiberg    H. Hartel  W. Damisch 《Plant Breeding》1989,102(3):196-207
Anther culture in the breeding process of winter wheat. I. Ability of 1B—-1R wheat-rye translocation forms for androgenesis 45 winter wheat varieties or F1 hybrids, F2 populations and lines with 1B—1R wheat-rye translocation were tested for their anther culture ability. A total of 48058 anthers was cultured on Potato-2 medium. When averaged over all genotypes and the two experimental years frequencies of embryoid formation of 5.4—6.8 per 100 anthers were observed. Plant regeneration efficiency from embryoids ranged from 5.3—9.1 % or a mean of 4—5 green plants per 1000 anthers plated. The results confirmed the preferential regeneration frequency of gametes with the 1BL—1RS chromosome compared to the gametes with the 1BL—IBS chromosome. Multiple peroxidase were used as marker. The effect of cold pretreatment or of media on the androgenetic response and productivity was not important. On the contrary the variability between the anther response from single ears of the same genotype was noticeable. Examples are presented for the transferability of the androgenetic ability to breeding material. Most green plants obtained were haploid or spontaneous doubled haploid. By cloning it was guaranteed, that progenies were obtained from most of the haploids after colchicine treatment.  相似文献   

11.
A. Stober  D. Hessu 《Plant Breeding》1997,116(5):443-447
The aim of this work was to establish an in vitro regeneration system from anther cultures of different German varieties of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Using ‘Nandu’ the most widely grown spring wheat cultivar in Germany, different culture conditions were investigated with regard to their influence on anther culture response. The best results were obtained when applying a cold pretreatment to the donor spikes and using the synthetic L3 induction medium, liquid or solidified with gelrite. The highest rates obtained in these experiments with ‘Nandu’ were 8.6% responding anthers, 22.3% embryoid induction, 15.3% albino regeneration and 5.5% green plant regeneration (all rates related to the number of cultured anthers). Of the ‘Nandu’ plants analysed, 51.1% were haploid and 44.3% were diploid, probably as a consequence of spontaneous chromosome doubling. When screening a further 16 commercial German varieties of spring wheat, 10 exhibited good anther culture response and four of these (‘Eta’‘Jondolar’, ‘Mieka’, and ‘Star’) proved to be highly responsive, reaching embryoid induction rates between 4.3 and 10.3% and rates of green plant regeneration between 5.4 and 10.7%.  相似文献   

12.
In a screening experiment with 215 different winter cultivars of Triticum aestivum L. for response in anther culture, pollen embryos or callus were obtained from 200 different cultivars and green plants from 93 different cultivars. On average, from the whole material, 1.3 green plants were obtained per 100 anthers cultured. Variance components estimated from replicates with selected parts of the plant material indicated that for the formation of pollen embryos from anthers, interactions between genotypes and replications were dominating, accounting for 45 to 50 per cent of the variation. Main effects from genotypes were less prominent, accounting for 25 to 30 per cent of the variation, and the replications showed relatively little effect, accounting, for about 4 to 12 per cent of total variation. Regeneration of plants from pollen embryos or callus was not significantly influenced by either genotype or replicates. The frequencies of plants regenerated being green, however, were influenced from both genotype and environments contributing 42.5 and 34.9 per cent of the total variation respectively, while only minor interactions between genotype and environments were indicated for this character.  相似文献   

13.
Chromosome doubling is critical for obtaining doubled-haploid plants from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) anther culture. The most common doubling method applies colchicine to the plant. However, colchicine is phytotoxic and can induce a high frequency of plant death. In this experiment, anthers from two wheat genotypes (“Pavon 76” and ‘Centurk’) were placed on nine embryoid initiation media having three sugar sources (maltose, sucrose, and maltose + glucose) with three colchicine concentrations (0.0, 0.1, and 0.2 g · l-1). Wheat starch was used as a gelling agent. After three days, the anthers were washed and moved to fresh media without colchicine. Increasing the colchicine concentration decreased the number of embryoids produced from 77.4 embryoids/100 anthers to 29.9 embryoids/100 anthers, but did not significantly affect the frequency of plant regeneration (0.49 green plants/embryoid to 0.40 green plants/embryoid), and increased the frequency of doubled-haploid plants (19.0 doubled-haploid plants/100 green plants to 72.3 doubled-haploid plants/100 green plants). Considering the total number of doubled-haploid plants produced, low levels of colchicine added to the initiation media were very effective.  相似文献   

14.
不同世代太谷核不育小麦对花药成株的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
通过对太谷核不育小麦杂交一代可育株和不育株,及二、三、四代可育株花药的离体培养,结果表明:1.不育株花药培养能够获得植株再生;2.杂交一代的可育株花药出愈率最高,绿苗分化率亦最高;3.基因型对花药出愈率和绿苗分化率有明显的影响.  相似文献   

15.
固体培养基上浸润培养提高花粉植株诱导率的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
在30×170mm的试管内,倒入25～30ml加琼脂固化的C_(17)培养基,接种冬小麦花药后注入2ml左右不加琼脂而浓度相同的C_(17)培养液浸润培养,冬小麦花药愈伤组织诱导率可从固体培养基的13.94％提高到29.95％,愈伤组织的绿苗分化率还比固体培养基提高10.2％,分化绿苗丛数占接种花药的10.94％,是固体培养的2.37倍。  相似文献   

16.
This report describes a study of androgenesis in Dactylis glomerata, where the main aim was to find anther culture-responsive clones. Two types of media and two sugars were compared for their effectiveness in anther culture induction and subsequent plantlet production. Embryo formation from the cultured anthers was obtained from 28 of the 108 cloned genotypes using two different substrates, R2M and FW. Both induction media supported the formation of embryos from the cultured anthers, but around 4.5 times more embryos (0.81 embryos per 100 anthers) were obtained with R2M compared with FW, and R2M also gave 5.5 times more green plants (0.054 green plants per 100 anthers) than the FW substrate. In the investigation of a carbohydrate source, responsive clones from the genotype study were tested using maltose as a substitute for sucrose in R2M. Using maltose instead of sucrose increased embryo formation so that 133 embryos per 100 anthers were obtained compared with 7.1 embryos per 100 anthers obtained with sucrose. The total number of green plants obtained was also improved with maltose compared with sucrose, resulting in 66.3 and 1.9 green plants per 100 cultured anthers, respectively.  相似文献   

17.
基因型和环境条件对小麦花药培养效果的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
为进一步提高小麦花培育种效率,明确花药培养力的遗传控制基础,以11个小麦品种及其组配的20个F1杂种为材料,探讨了基因型、培养基和环境条件对愈伤组织诱导率的影响。在W14D、W14gD、W14GD培养基上,Alondra、Verry、石4185、新春9号和百农3217的花药易被诱导产生愈伤组织,诱导率为25.3%~51.9%,其中石4185是目前公认的花培育种优良亲本,新春9号为新发现的优良花培基因型。以宁春4号配制的部分F1杂种的愈伤组织诱导率较高,大多数组合高于10.0%,表明宁春4号与供试品种间具有较高的花药培养配合力。小麦花培育种技术要求亲本之一具有较高的花药愈伤组织诱导率或较高的花药培养配合力。小麦花药培养力的遗传控制复杂,表现为数量性状遗传,亲本花药培养力很高,其F1组合花药培养力不一定很高,这与双亲配合力有关。小麦花药培养中,供体植株生长和愈伤组织诱导的适宜条件为较长的营养生长期、适宜的前期(分蘖期)温度和较高的中期(拔节后期)温度。在添加低浓度生长素和葡萄糖的液体培养基中发现小麦花药直接成苗现象,2,4-D诱导花药直接成苗效果优于Dicamba。随着年度间气候升高的影响,相同基因型花药愈伤组织诱导率呈现增加趋势。  相似文献   

18.
The efficiency of our anther culture protocol was tested with high‐ and low‐responding genotypes, ‘Svilena’ and ‘Berengar’, and 93 F1 winter wheat crosses in 2010 and 2011. Based on data for these genotypes, the effect of genotype influenced the number of embryo‐like structures, regenerated plantlets and green plantlets, while the number of albino plantlets was affected by genotype, year and environmental factors. Although genotype also influenced the production of green plantlets from breeding crosses, with green plantlets per 100 anthers ranging from 0.04 to 28.67, the average regeneration rate over all crosses was 5.3 green plantlets/100 anthers, which resulted in a total of 11 416 well‐rooted green plantlets. The survival rate of green plantlets following acclimatization was 97.21% in 2010 and 96.34% in 2011. In this study, the phenomenon of albinism and genotype dependency did not hinder the production of more than five thousand green plantlets each year. In our experiments, anther culture proved to be an efficient method in winter wheat breeding programmes with lower costs than alternative technologies.  相似文献   

19.
用花药培养选择具有高诱导率(a)和高分化率(b)的高花培效率(a×b)的八倍体小黑麦(2n=8x=56)和单倍体小黑麦(n=4x=28)是很有效的。八倍体小黑麦的花培效率同普通小麦一样,每百个花药可出2.5株绿苗。由八倍体小黑麦(A 类)花培所得的花粉植株(B 类)再进行一次花培,在所获得的 C 类植株中就能选出花培效率达到八倍体小黑麦水平的  相似文献   

20.
A. Moien  A. Sarrafiu 《Plant Breeding》1995,114(3):247-249
Genetic variability in response to anther culture was investigated in 49 winter hexaploid wheats, comprising 33 pure lines (F10) derived from a composite cross programme and their 16 parental genotypes. All genotypes were grown in a randomized block design with three replications in a controlled greenhouse. The number of embryoids and total plant regeneration per 100 anthers, as well as the numbers of green and albino plants regenerated per 100 embryoids, were measured. Significant genetic variability was observed among the 49 genotypes for all the traits studied. All traits showed high heritability. Among the genotypes compared, DC230N and 1BPT-40 gave the best results for the production of embryoids and IBPT-78 had the highest value for the production of green plants. The genotype IBPT-34 developed a large number of albino plants, and it should be useful as a parent in studies to determine the genetic control of albino plants in wheat.  相似文献   

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